Hydrothermal pretreatment for the production of prebiotic oligosaccharides from tobacco stem.

Tobacco stem is an abundant and inexpensive renewable source to produce prebiotics by circular economy. In this study, hydrothermal pretreatments were evaluated on the release of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and cello-oligosaccharides (COS) from the tobacco stem by a central composite rotational design associated with response surface methodology to evaluate the effects of temperature (161.72 to 218.3 °C) and solid load (SL) (2.93 to 17.07%). XOS were the main compounds released to the liquor. Desirability function was performed to maximize the production of XOS and minimize the effects of release of monosaccharides and degradation compounds. The result indicated yield of 96% w[XOS]/w[xylan] for 190 °C-2.93% SL. The highest value for COS and total oligomers content (COS + XOS) was 6.42 g/L and 17.7 g/L, respectively, for 190 °C-17.07% SL. The mass balance for the best yield XOS condition predicted 132 kg of XOS (X2-X6) from 1000 kg of tobacco stem.

Redox potential as a key parameter for monitoring and optimization of xylose fermentation with yeast Spathaspora passalidarum under limited-oxygen conditions.

The determination of optimum values of volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) for Spathaspora passalidarum is an important aspect for the optimization of ethanol production from pentoses since oxygen plays a key role on yeast metabolism. By studying the fermentation of a xylose and glucose mixture, the highest ethanol volumetric productivity was achieved at a kLa of 45 h-1 (1.12 gethanol L-1 h-1), reducing the fermentation time to half when compared to other oxygen-limiting conditions that were considered optimum for other native strains, besides increasing xylose consumption rates. The high cell density fermentation showed to be a good strategy to be applied in industrial processes with S. passalidarum, enabling the complete exhaustion of a high initial substrate concentration (90 g L-1) in less than 24 h, with a final ethanol titer of 28.61 (± 0.42) g L-1. By performing a detailed investigation on oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), it was possible to conclude that the highest ethanol formation rates were registered at oxireduction potential values around - 100 mV, becoming an important parameter to be controlled when oxygen-limiting conditions are applied in industrial fermentations. The oxygen availability also affected the activity of enzyme XR and its preference for NADH or NADPH, directly affecting the activity of enzyme XDH and the redox imbalance on the xylose pathway. In addition, respirometric parameters were determined for the yeast S. passalidarum under an aerobic growth condition.

Online monitoring of the redox potential in microaerobic and anaerobic Scheffersomyces stipitis fermentations.

OBJECTIVE: A correlation among different volumetric oxygen transfer coefficients (kLa) and the oxireduction potential (ORP) in batch fermentations using Scheffersomyces stipitis was evaluated. Experiments were performed using a mixture of xylose and glucose as the substrates. RESULTS: Microaerophilic condition (kLa = 4.9 h-1) have shown to be suitable when compared to complete anaerobiosis (kLa = 0), providing an ethanol yield and a productivity after 48 h of 64.3% and 0.45 g ethanol L-1 h-1, respectively; the maximum ethanol titer obtained was 21.50 g ethanol L-1. Values of ORP varying from - 270 to - 330 mV resulted in high ethanol production from xylose by S. stipitis. CONCLUSIONS: Different ORP values were found in anaerobiosis and kLa 4.9 h-1, suggesting that for ethanol production by S. stipitis, values from - 270 to - 330 mV are favorable under the studied circumstances. In this ORP range, the greatest rates of xylose consumption and ethanol production were registered. ORP monitoring was demonstrated to be a suitable option for online control throughout the fermentation processes, which may provide a more efficient bioprocess operation with a very low O2 concentration.

Fermentation strategy for second generation ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolyzate by Spathaspora passalidarum and Scheffersomyces stipitis.

Alcoholic fermentation of released sugars in pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass is a central feature for second generation ethanol (E2G) production. Saccharomyces cerevisiae used industrially in the production of first generation ethanol (E1G) convert sucrose, fructose, and glucose into ethanol. However, these yeasts have no ability to ferment pentose (xylose). Therefore, the present work has focused on E2G production by Scheffersomyces stipitis and Spathaspora passalidarum. The fermentation strategy with high pitch, cell recycle, fed-batch mode, and temperature decrease for each batch were performed in a hydrolyzate obtained from a pretreatment at 130°C with NaOH solution (1.5% w/v) added with 0.15% (w/w) of anthraquinone (AQ) and followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. The process strategy has increased volumetric productivity from 0.35 to 0.38 g · L-1 · h-1 (first to third batch) for S. stipitis and from 0.38 to 0.81 g · L-1 · h-1 for S. passalidarum (first to fourth batch). Mass balance for the process proposed in this work showed the production of 177.33 kg ethanol/ton of sugar cane bagasse for S. passalidarum compared to 124.13 kg ethanol/ton of sugar cane bagasse for S. stipitis fermentation. The strategy proposed in this work can be considered as a promising strategy in the production of second generation ethanol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2211-2221. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.