Use of agricultural by-products in extruded gluten-free breakfast cereals.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the extrusion moisture and temperature on the physical characteristics of breakfast cereals. The chemical composition, microbiological risk and acceptance of the selected breakfast cereal with the best physical quality were assessed to determine the technological viability of the use of these by-products by the food industry. The response surface method and a rotatable central composite design were used, and a desirability test was performed based on adjusted regression models. The breakfast cereal produced under these conditions had protein, lipid and dietary fiber contents of 7.55, 0.97 and 6.12 g 100 g-1, respectively. In regards to the sensory analysis, the evaluated breakfast cereal received average acceptance scores ranging from "neither like or dislike" to "like moderately". The use of rice, passion fruit and milk by-products was shown to be an alternative for the production of extruded breakfast cereal.

Broken rice grains pregelatinized flours incorporated with lyophilized açaí pulp and the effect of extrusion on their physicochemical properties.

Liophilized açaí pulp (LAP), which is considered a power food, could enrich broken rice grains flours (BRG), which is an abundant by-product in many countries. The extrusion could change the physico-chemical properties of this mixture, which later could be applied in the development of instant food products, as an appeal regarding the appearance, nutritional value and the presence of bioactive compounds. This study examined the effect of LAP incorporation (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) on the physical, chemical, and functional properties of BRG pregelatinized flours at mild extrusion conditions. Extrusion significantly changed the solubility and absorption of water, the thermal and pasting properties of pregelatinized flours. DSC analysis did not show gelatinization peaks after extrusion, indicating a total gelatinization of the starch. Extrusion also affected the color and chemical composition, and to a greater extent, the anthocyanin content, the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity, despite the mild process conditions. The mixture with 10% LAP resulted in a product with a reddish color, rich in fiber and presented lower loss of anthocyanin (27.16%), therefore, the most suitable to be used as an ingredient in the preparation of ready-to-eat foods with higher functional value.

Assessment of chemical and sensory quality of sugarcane alcoholic fermented beverage.

This study aimed to verify the technological feasibility, chemical quality and sensory acceptance of alcoholic fermented beverage obtained from sugarcane juice. A completely randomized design was applied. Sugar and alcohol content, phenolic (HPLC-MS) and volatile (GS-MS) compounds, pH, density, dry matter and acidity of the fermented beverage of sugarcane were quantified, as well as the acceptance of the product was carried out. The complete fermentation of sugarcane lasted 7 days, and it was obtained an alcohol content of 8.0% v/v. Titrable acidity of the beverage was of 67.31 meq L-1, pH 4.03, soluble solids of 5 °Brix, reducing sugar of 0.07 g glucose 100 g-1, density of 0.991 g cm-3, reduced dry matter of 14.15 g L-1, sulfates lower than 0.7 g K2SO4 L-1. Various phenolic compounds, among which, gallic acid (10.97%), catechin (1.73%), chlorogenic acid (3.52%), caffeic acid (1.49%), vanillic acid (0.28%), p-coumaric acid (0.24%), ferulic acid (6.63%), m-coumaric acid (0.36%), and o-coumaric acid (0.04%). Amongst aromatic compounds, were found mainly esters with fruity aromas (ethyl ester hexanoic acid and ethyl ester octanoic acid). The sugarcane juice can be commercialized as an alternative wine, as it presented adequate features to an alcoholic fermented beverage and was sensory accepted by consumers.

[Quality of cookies formulated with extruded rice bran in substitution to wheat flour and cassava starch]. / Qualidade de biscoitos elaborados com farelo de arroz extrusado em substituição à farinha de trigo e fécula de mandioca.

Rice bran is a byproduct resulted from the rice milling process. It corresponds to 8% of the total rice grain. It is an abundant and low-cost product which has high concentration of insoluble fiber, vitamins and minerals, and it is mainly applied for animal feeding and soil fertilizing. The aim of this work was to evaluate the color, the proximate composition and acceptability of the cookies formulated with extruded rice bran (ERB). Completely randomized design was applied using one control and four treatments (12.5%, 25%, 37.5% and 50% of EBR in place of wheat flour and cassava starch). All analyses were performed according to standard methods. The gradual addition of EBR to biscuits influenced its darkening and yellow/red color tendency. Cookies with 50% of ERB had higher contents of protein (7.56 g 100 g(-1)), dietary fiber (5.17 g 100 g(-1)) and ash (3.31 g 100 g(-1)) and lower proportion of carbohydrate (60.78 g 100 g(-1)) than the control. Forty grams of that formulation supplies more than 10% of daily recommended intakes of magnesium, phosphorus and copper. The cookies were well accepted and did not show significant difference (P = 0,05) regarding the appearance, texture and flavor when compared to control. Cookies formulated with 50% of ERB present better nutritional quality than those elaborated without rice bran and have good sensory acceptance.

Qualidade de biscoitos elaborados com farelo de arroz extrusado em substituição à farinha de trigo e fécula de mandioca / Quality of cookies formulated with extruded rice bran in substitution to wheat flour and cassava starch

O farelo de arroz, subproduto resultante do beneficiamento para obtenção do arroz polido, corresponde a 8 por cento do arroz em casca. É um produto abundante e de baixo custo, que possui alta concentração de fibras insolúveis, vitaminas e minerais, sendo utilizado principalmente em ração animal e como fertilizante. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a cor, a composição centesimal e a aceitabilidade de biscoitos elaborados com farelo de arroz extrusado (FAE). Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com um controle e quatro tratamentos (12,5 por cento, 25 por cento, 37,5 por cento e 50 por cento de FAE em substituição à farinha de trigo e fécula de mandioca). Todas as análises foram realizadas conforme métodos validados. A adição gradual de FAE nos biscoitos proporcionou tendência ao escurecimento e à coloração avermelhada/amarelada. O biscoito elaborado com 50 por cento de FAE apresentou maior conteúdo (P = 0,05) de proteínas (7.56 g 100 g-1), fibra alimentar (5.17 g 100 g-1) e cinzas (3.31 g 100 g-1), e menor teor (P = 0,05) de carboidratos (60.78 g 100 g-1) que o biscoito controle, sendo que uma porção de 40g daquele fornece mais do que 10 por cento da recomendação diária de magnésio, fósforo e cobre. Os biscoitos elaborados com FAE foram bem aceitos, não apresentando diferenças (P = 0,05) quanto à aparência, textura e sabor em relação ao tratamento controle. Biscoitos elaborados com até 50 por cento de FAE possuem melhor qualidade nutricional que os biscoitos formulados sem farelo de arroz e são sensorialmente aceitos.

Rice bran is a byproduct resulted from the rice milling process. It corresponds to 8 percent of the total rice grain. It is an abundant and low-cost product which has high concentration of insoluble fiber, vitamins and minerals, and it is mainly applied for animal feeding and soil fertilizing. The aim of this work was to evaluate the color, the proximate composition and acceptability of the cookies formulated with extruded rice bran (ERB). Completely randomized design was applied using one control and four treatments (12.5 percent, 25 percent, 37.5 percent and 50 percent of EBR in place of wheat flour and cassava starch). All analyses were performed according to standard methods. The gradual addition of EBR to biscuits influenced its darkening and yellow/red color tendency. Cookies with 50 percent of ERB had higher contents of protein (7.56 g 100 g-1), dietary fiber (5.17 g 100 g-1) and ash (3.31 g 100 g-1) and lower proportion of carbohydrate (60.78 g 100 g-1) than the control. Forty grams of that formulation supplies more than 10 percent of daily recommended intakes of magnesium, phosphorus and copper. The cookies were well accepted and did not show significant difference (P = 0,05) regarding the appearance, texture and flavor when compared to control. Cookies formulated with 50 percent of ERB present better nutritional quality than those elaborated without rice bran and have good sensory acceptance.