Fabrication of composite transparent conductive electrodes based on silver nanowires.

Composite transparent conductive electrodes (C-TCEs) have recently been produced using low-cost techniques to keep up with the boom in the fabrication and development of optoelectronic devices. In this article, silver nanowires (AgNWs) were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method using different molecular weights MWs of poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared using the modified Hummers' method and a reduction step was held on GO films to produce reduced GO (rGO). C-TCEs were fabricated by over-coating the AgNWs electrodes with rGO, or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate to improve the roughness, surface energy, and sheet resistance. The influence of using lower and higher MWs of PVP on the yield, shape, and size of AgNWs was investigated. The results showed that using lower MW of PVP had a great effect on the yield, morphology, and aspect ratio of AgNWs with diameter of 46 nm and average length 12 µm. The optical, morphological, topographical, and electrical properties of TCEs were studied. AgNWs/rGO composite electrode provided the lowest surface roughness and surface energy of 250 nm and 47.95 mN/m, respectively, with a relatively high transparency of 78.2% at 550 nm light wavelength, and a low sheet resistance of 27 Ω/□.

Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary artery disease outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular outcomes, including angina, coronary artery disease (CAD), coronary artery calcification (CAC), myocardial infarction (MI), and calcified coronary plaques. METHODS: A comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, was conducted up to January 2023. Studies were included investigating the relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular outcomes in adult populations. Exclusion criteria were studies on animals, pediatric populations, and those not published in English. Two reviewers assessed the risk of bias in the included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 32 studies with a total of 5,610,990 participants. NAFLD demonstrated significant associations with increased risks of angina (Relative Risk (RR): 1.45, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.79), CAD (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.38), CAC >0 (RR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.69), and calcified coronary plaques (RR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.27). However, no significant association was found between NAFLD and CAC >100 (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.38) or MI (RR: 1.70, 95% CI: 0.16, 18.32). CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between NAFLD and cardiovascular outcomes independent of conventional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. These findings emphasize the importance of prevention, early detection, and proper management of NAFLD.

Evaluation of 18 CT signs in diagnosing cecal volvulus: a multi-reader retrospective study.

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic performance and reliability of 18 CT signs to diagnose cecal volvulus, a surgical emergency, versus a group of non-volvulus mimickers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four radiologists retrospectively and independently assessed 18 CT signs in 191 patients with cecal volvulus (n = 63) or a non-volvulus control group ((n = 128), including cecal bascule (n = 19), mobile cecum (n = 95), and colonic pseudo-obstruction (n = 14)) at a single institution from 2013 to 2021. Fleiss' kappa coefficient was used to assess inter-reader agreement. For diagnostic performance metrics, we assessed sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. For predictive performance, all 18 signs were included in bivariate and stepwise lasso multivariate logistic regression models to diagnose cecal volvulus. Performance was assessed by ROC curves. RESULTS: 191 patients (mean age: 63 years +/- 15.5 [SD]; 135 women) were included in the study. Nine of the 18 CT signs of cecal volvulus demonstrated good or better (> 0.6) inter-reader agreement. Individual CT signs with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values all above 70% for diagnosing cecal volvulus were transition point, bird beak, and X-marks-the-spot. A lasso regression model determined four CT features: transition point, bird beak, coffee bean, and whirl had excellent prediction (AUC = .979) for cecal volvulus if all present. CONCLUSION: CT signs for cecal volvulus that have high sensitivity and specificity include: transition point, bird beak, and X-marks-the-spot and were reliable in distinguishing non-volvulus mimickers. If the following four features were present: transition point, bird beak, coffee bean, and whirl, there was excellent prediction (AUC = .979) for cecal volvulus.

Imaging after Pancreatic Surgery: Expected Findings and Postoperative Complications.

Pancreatic surgery is considered one of the most technically challenging surgical procedures, despite the evolution of modern techniques. Neoplasms remain the most common indication for pancreatic surgery, although inflammatory conditions may also prompt surgical evaluation. The choice of surgical procedure depends on the type and location of the pathologic finding because different parts of the pancreas have separate vascular supplies that may be shared by adjacent organs. The surgical approach could be conventional or minimally invasive (laparoscopic, endoscopic, or robotic assisted). Because of the anatomic complexity of the pancreatic bed, perioperative complications may be frequently encountered and commonly involve the pancreatic-biliary, vascular, lymphatic, or bowel systems, irrespective of the surgical technique used. Imaging plays an important role in the assessment of suspected postoperative complications, with CT considered the primary imaging modality, while MRI, digital subtraction angiography, and molecular imaging are considered ancillary diagnostic tools. Accurate diagnosis of postoperative complications requires a solid understanding of pancreatic anatomy, surgical indications, normal postoperative appearance, and expected postsurgical changes. The practicing radiologist should be familiar with the most common perioperative complications, such as anastomotic leak, abscess, and hemorrhage, and be able to differentiate these entities from normal anticipated postoperative changes such as seroma, edema and fat stranding at the surgical site, and perivascular soft-tissue thickening. In addition to evaluation of the primary operative fossa, imaging plays a fundamental role in assessment of the adjacent organ systems secondarily affected after pancreatic surgery, such as vascular, biliary, and enteric complications. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Test Your Knowledge questions are available in the supplemental material. See the invited commentary by Winslow in this issue.

The utility of [18F]Fluciclovine PET/CT in Evaluating Nonmetastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients (nmCRPCp): diagnostic performance and impact on management.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of [18F]Fluciclovine PET/CT scan in restaging nmCRPCp and its impact on management. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This retrospective study included all patients with nonmetastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer, who underwent [18F]Fluciclovine PET/CT scans for restaging who had concern for disease progression. Two radiologists independently reviewed the PET/CT studies, assigned an overall impression, and reported the site and number of radiotracer activities in consensus and impact on management was recorded. Available tissue diagnosis and/or six-month clinical and imaging follow-up were used as reference standards. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients were included in this study. At least one lesion was detected in 73% (26/35) of the scans. Management changed in 71% (25/35) of patients, (22 positives and three negative scans). 26.9% (7/26) of patients were found to have an oligometastatic disease. Based on the reference standards, the diagnostic performance of [18F]Fluciclovine PET/CT in detecting recurrence in nmCRCP has 86%, sensitivity, 83% specificity, 96.1% PPV, and 55.5% NPV. There was no relationship between the Gleason score and a positive PET/CT scan in our patient population. CONCLUSION: Detecting the source of recurrence is challenging in nmCRCP patients when conventional imaging fails. Given the high PPV, sensitivity, and specificity, [18F]Fluciclovine PET/CT can be used instead of conventional imaging as a first-line choice due to its superiority over bone scan and added value of detecting soft tissue metastasis regardless of the initial Gleason score. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: The study highlights the added value of [18F]Fluciclovine PET/CT in detecting soft tissue metastasis regardless of the initial Gleason score, which is not possible with conventional imaging such as bone scans.The study highlights the potential role of [18F]Fluciclovine PET/CT guiding management change for nonmetastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients, particularly those with oligometastatic disease.

Association Between Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphism and the Response to Helicobacter Pylori Treatment.

Background & Aims: This research aimed to determine how variations in the vitamin D receptor gene affected the response of H. pylori infections to eradication therapy. Patients and Methods: On 105 adult H. Pylori-positive patients, a prospective cohort study was carried out. PCR was used to genotype all patients' VDR gene polymorphisms. The patients in the study received standard triple eradication medication (clarithromycin 500 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, and omeprazole 20 mg) twice daily for 14 days. A stool test for H. pylori Ag was conducted 4 weeks following the end of treatment. Results: In our study, the usual triple therapy's H. pylori eradication rate was 75.2%. The successful eradication of H. pylori and VDR rs 2228570 gene polymorphisms was more prevalent in CT gene polymorphism (64.6%) compared to non-responders (19.2%), while treatment failure was more prevalent in CC gene polymorphism (73.1% in non-responders compared to responders 24.1%), which is statistically significant. In regards to the eradication of H. pylori and VDR rs7975232 gene polymorphisms, the success of eradication was more prevalent in AC gene polymorphism (54.4%) vs non-responders (30.4%), while all patients (14) with gene AA (17.7%) are responders to standard treatment, while the failure of treatment was more prevalent in CC gene polymorphism (69.2% in non-responder vs 27.8% in responders) which is statistically significant. Our findings demonstrated a strong correlation between patients' responses to H. pylori treatment and polymorphisms in the VDR gene (ApaI and TaqI) (P 0.05). Conclusion: As far as we are aware, this is the first study to identify a potential link between the FokI and Apal VDR polymorphism and treatment response in H pylori-positive patients. To evaluate the findings, more research with larger number of patients and different population is required.

Paraneoplastic Syndromes from Head to Toe: Pathophysiology, Imaging Features, and Workup.

Patients often have symptoms due to the mass effect of a neoplasm on surrounding tissues or the development of distant metastases. However, some patients may present with clinical symptoms that are not attributable to direct tumor invasion. In particular, certain tumors may release substances such as hormones or cytokines or trigger an immune cross-reactivity between malignant and normal body cells, resulting in characteristic clinical features that are broadly referred to as paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs). Recent advances in medicine have improved the understanding of the pathogenesis of PNSs and enhanced their diagnosis and treatment. It is estimated that 8% of patients with cancer develop a PNS. Diverse organ systems may be involved, most notably the neurologic, musculoskeletal, endocrinologic, dermatologic, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems. Knowledge of various PNSs is necessary, as these syndromes may precede tumor development, complicate the patient's clinical presentation, indicate tumor prognosis, or be mistaken for metastatic spread. Radiologists should be familiar with the clinical presentations of common PNSs and the selection of appropriate imaging examinations. Many of these PNSs have imaging features that can assist with arriving at the correct diagnosis. Therefore, the key radiographic findings associated with these PNSs and the diagnostic pitfalls that can be encountered during imaging are important, as their detection can facilitate early identification of the underlying tumor, reveal early recurrence, and enable monitoring of the patient's response to therapy. © RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.

Cancer bioimaging using dual mode luminescence of graphene/FA-ZnO nanocomposite based on novel green technique.

Graphene based nanomaterials are explored in the field of cancer bioimaging and biomedical science and engineering. The luminescent nanostructures with a low toxicity and high photostability can be used as probes in bioimaging applications. This work is aimed to prepare graphene/folic acid-zinc oxide (GN/FA-ZnO) nanocomposite with dual-mode emissions (down-conversion and up-conversion) to be used in cancer bioimaging. The dual mode emissions offer long luminescence lifetime, multicolor emissions detected by the naked eyes after excitation and narrow band absorption and emission spectra. ZnO nanospheres and nanorods structures were prepared using co-precipitation technique and were conjugated with FA to separate the bulk graphite layers electrostatically into GN. The optical, morphological, surface charge and structural properties of the prepared nanostructures were investigated and discussed using different characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Zeta potential, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). GN/FA-ZnO nanocomposites were injected into Swiss albino mice implanted with Ehrlich Tumor and the bioimaging was investigated using photon imager and digital camera. The results showed clear fluorescence and confirmed that the green design of GN/FA-ZnO nanocomposite with targeting behavior was capable of selective bioimaging of the tumor. This study presented a novel dual mode emission nanocomposite for tumor targeting and is a promising strategy for the fabrication of a new design of spectral encoding.

Utilization of genetic testing in men with advanced prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Genetic evaluation of men with advanced prostate cancer is recognized as imperative both to guide treatment decisions and to trigger cascade genetic testing of family members. Here we investigate utilization patterns of genetic testing among a contemporary cohort of men with advanced prostate cancer at our institution. METHODS: We queried the Northwestern Electronic Data Warehouse from January 2021 to present for all men diagnosed with National Comprehensive Cancer Network high-risk/very high-risk, regional, or metastatic prostate cancer. Patients were excluded from analyses if treated at an outside institution and/or presented for a second opinion evaluation. Statistics were performed using t-test, Chi-squared test, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression with significance defined as p < 0.05. RESULTS: Atotal of 320 men (52.5%) had local/regional disease and 290 (47.5%) had metastatic disease, 53 (18.3%) of whom had castrate resistant prostate cancer. Rates of germline genetic testing rate were low in patients with localized disease (9.4%) and metastatic disease (34.1%). Only 19 (35.8%) men diagnosed with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer underwent germline genetic evaluation. Germline testing was most frequently discussed or ordered by medical oncologists (52%) followed by urologists (20%). Men who underwent germline testing were younger (p < 0.001), more likely to have Medicaid or private insurance (p = 0.002), and more likely to have metastatic disease (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in baseline PSA, ethnicity, race, or castration sensitivity status. Age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91-0.97, p < 0.001) and metastatic disease (OR: 5.71, 95% CI: 3.63-9.22, p < 0.001) were significant independent predictors of genetic testing on multivariable logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: Here we report that utilization of genetic testing is associated with metastatic disease and inversely associated with age. Overall, utilization rates of genetic testing remain low in all patient groups, including in the metastatic castrate resistant setting, where genetic testing can identify patients with homologous recombination repair deficiency who may benefit from use of targeted therapeutics such as PARP inhibitors. Genetic testing in men with aggressive prostate cancer is critical and barriers to routine implementation of testing require further study to develop strategies to improve utilization rates.

A Framework for Harmonization of Radiomics Data for Multicenter Studies and Clinical Trials.

PURPOSE: Variability in computed tomography images intrinsic to individual scanners limits the application of radiomics in clinical and research settings. The development of reproducible and generalizable radiomics-based models to assess lesions requires harmonization of data. The purpose of this study was to develop, test, and analyze the efficacy of a radiomics data harmonization model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiomic features from biopsy-proven untreated hepatic metastasis (N = 380) acquired from 167 unique patients with pancreatic, colon, and breast cancers were analyzed. Radiomic features from volume-match 551 samples of normal liver tissue and 188 hepatic cysts were included as references. A novel linear mixed effect model was used to identify effects associated with lesion size, tissue type, and scanner model. Six separate machine learning models were then used to test the effectiveness of radiomic feature harmonization using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Proposed model identifies and removes scanner-associated effects while preserving cancer-specific functional dependence of radiomic features on the tumor size. Data harmonization improves the performance of classification models by reducing the scanner-associated variability. For example, the multiclass logistic regression model, LogitBoost, demonstrated the improvement in sensitivity in the range from 15% to 40% for each type of liver metastasis, whereas the overall model accuracy and the kappa coefficient increased by 5% and 8% accordingly. CONCLUSION: The model removed scanner-associated effects while preserving cancer-specific functional dependence of radiomic features.

How Endoscopic Guidance Augments Nonvascular Image-guided Interventions.

Endoscopy can improve guidance in nonvascular procedures performed by interventional radiologists (IRs). Historically, the major limiting factors preventing the widespread use of endoscopic tools by IRs were the large diameter (>20F) and length of the endoscopes. IRs had to significantly upsize their access into vascular organs such as the kidney and liver to allow endoscope placement. With the advent of newer endoscopes with sizes smaller than 11F (approximately 4 mm in diameter), percutaneous endoscopy has become more feasible than before. IRs routinely place percutaneous drains (eg, abscess drains, biliary drains, percutaneous nephrostomies, and percutaneous cholecystostomies). Once the drain is in position and the acute infection (if present) has resolved, the IR can use the percutaneous access to perform image-guided and endoscopically guided procedures, depending on the clinical situation. Most percutaneous image- and endoscopically guided interventions performed by IRs involve procedures for biliary and gallbladder pathologic conditions. Image-guided procedures with additional endoscopic guidance can also be used to manage urinary, gastrointestinal, and gynecologic pathologic conditions. The authors review the current applications and techniques of percutaneous endoscopy in interventional radiology. In unique situations, IRs can also perform endoscopy through natural orifices (eg, the urethra) or surgically created orifices (eg, urostomies). The authors also discuss the adjunctive techniques that are enhanced or made possible because of endoscopy in interventional radiology, including but not limited to endoscopic forceps biopsies, endobiliary ablation, laser stricturotomy, lithotripsy, and stone extraction. An invited commentary by Srinivasa is available online. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2022.

Ultra-fast green microwave assisted synthesis of NaFePO4-C nanocomposites for sodium ion batteries and supercapacitors.

Sodium ion batteries are favored in stationary and large scale power storage due to their low cost and nontoxicity. As the lithium is replaced with sodium due to the cost motive, a cheap processing method is needed to maintain the cell price as low as possible. We report an ultra-fast synthesis method that utilizes the high microwave absorbance of silicon carbide content in rice straw ash. Amorphous/maricite mixtures of sodium iron phosphates-carbon composites (NaFePO4-C) are synthesized, crystallized, and carbon coated using one-step microwave heating. The sodium ion electroactive composites are prepared using different microwave heating durations ranging from 30 to 100 s. High purity inert gases are not needed during synthesis, processing, and even at cell assembly. The materials are characterized by elemental analysis techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning/transmission electron microscope (SEM/TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the synthesized nanocomposites is examined as sodium ion battery cathode and as symmetric supercapacitors. The optimum synthesis time is 60 s for the application as sodium ion batteries and as a supercapacitor. The maximum specific capacity is 108.4 mA h g-1 at 0.2 C in the case of using it as a battery cathode. While the capacitance is 86 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 as a supercapacitor. The capacity retention is 92.85% after 40 cycles at 0.2 C as sodium ion battery electrode. For supercapacitor, the capacity retention is 81.7% after 1000 cycles.

Multimodality imaging findings of infection-induced tumors.

Several infections can predispose to certain malignancies in different body parts. These infections include viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. Imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis, staging, and management of these neoplastic conditions. Furthermore, it can help in differentiating infection-related non-neoplastic processes that can mimic malignancies. Both radiologists and clinicians should be familiar with these conditions. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and imaging features of infection-related tumors.

Primary splenic lymphoma on top of intrahepatic splenosis: A unique case report.

Solid organ splenosis is a challenging diagnosis with many atypical imaging features that can overlap with neoplastic masses of the affected organ. We present a sporadic case of intrahepatic splenosis in a 68-year-old woman with transformation into a low-grade B cell lymphoma. Initial cross-sectional imaging suggested focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) ruled out on contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using a hepatobiliary-specific contrast agent. A Tc-99m sulfur colloid scan was negative. The final diagnosis was confirmed by a needle-guided biopsy revealing intrahepatic splenosis with transformation into a low-grade B cell lymphoma.

Nonaccidental Injury in the Elderly: What Radiologists Need to Know.

Elder abuse may result in serious physical injuries and long-term psychological consequences and can be life threatening. Over the past decade, attention to elder abuse has increased owing to its high prevalence, with one in six people aged 60 years and older experiencing some form of abuse worldwide. Despite this, the detection and reporting rates remain relatively low. While diagnostic imaging is considered critical in detection of child abuse, it is relatively underused in elder abuse. The authors discuss barriers to use of imaging for investigation and diagnosis of elder abuse, including lack of training, comorbidities present in this vulnerable population, and lack of communication among the intra- and interdisciplinary care providers. Moreover, imaging features that should raise clinical concern for elder abuse are reviewed, including certain types of fractures (eg, posterior rib), characteristic soft-tissue and organ injuries (eg, shoulder dislocation), and cases in which the reported mechanism of injury is inconsistent with the imaging findings. As most findings suggesting elder abuse are initially discovered at radiography and CT, the authors focus mainly on use of those modalities. This review also compares and contrasts elder abuse with child abuse. Empowered with knowledge of elderly victims' risk factors, classic perpetrator characteristics, and correlative imaging findings, radiologists should be able to identify potential abuse in elderly patients presenting for medical attention. Future recommendations for research studies and clinical workflow to increase radiologists' awareness of and participation in elder abuse detection are also presented. An invited commentary by Jubanyik and Gettel is available online. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2022.

Simple and Fast Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Methods of Nanocrystalline TiO2 and rGO Materials for Low-Cost Metal-Free DSSC Applications.

Nanocrystalline TiO2 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) materials have been synthesized by a simple and low-cost microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as photoactive and metal-free counter electrodes, respectively. Different TiO2 nanocrystalline materials have been synthesized via the acid hydrolysis sol-gel method, followed by microwave hydrothermal treatment at 210 °C and 300 psi and at different microwave irradiation times (20, 30, 45, and 60 min) instead of the usual hydrothermal time of 12 h. The properties of the produced mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2 are investigated in terms of their morphology, crystal structure, optical properties, and surface area behavior using relevant characterization techniques. Maximum specific surface area values (S BET) of 97.77 and 100.7 m2 g-1 are measured for TiO2, with the average crystallite sizes of 18.6 and 17.5 nm, at microwave irradiation times of 30 and 45 min, respectively. Different rGO samples have been prepared by the modified Hummers method, followed by microwave-assisted reduction at a temperature of 200 °C and pressure of 300 psi at different microwave irradiation times (3, 17, and 25 min). The physicochemical properties of the different rGO samples in terms of morphology, crystallization, and optical properties are characterized by TEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopic analysis. The current density J sc of the fabricated DSSCs based on TiO2 as the photoelectrode and rGO as the counter electrode compared with DSSCs based on Pt as the counter electrode is found to be 11.25 and 9.28 mA cm-2, respectively. Although the overall power efficiency of the fabricated DSSCs based on rGO as the counter electrode is lower than that based on the Pt electrode, the former still exhibits promising prospects for replacing Pt with low-cost metal-free carbon-based DSSCs.

Review of uterine fibroids: imaging of typical and atypical features, variants, and mimics with emphasis on workup and FIGO classification.

Uterine fibroids are the most common gynecologic neoplasm. Although non-degenerated fibroids are easily identifiable on imaging, degenerated fibroids, fibroid variants, and fibroids with unusual growth patterns can constitute a diagnostic dilemma. Identification of these abnormal morphologic features can alter the diagnosis of presumed uterine fibroids and hence change management plans. This article reviews the typical and atypical radiologic imaging features of uterine fibroids, with an emphasis on the pitfalls, mimics, and radiologically identifiable features that can alter clinical management plans.

Gastrointestinal bleeding: imaging and interventions in cancer patients.

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) among cancer patients is a major source of morbidity and mortality. Although a wide variety of etiologies contribute to GIB, special considerations should be made for cancer-related factors such as the type of malignancy, location and extent of disease, hemostatic parameters, and treatment effects. Key imaging modalities used to evaluate GIB include computed tomography angiography (CTA), radionuclide imaging, and catheter-based angiography. Understanding the cancer and treatment history and recognizing the associated imaging manifestations are important for identifying the source and potential causes of GIB in cancer patients. This article will review the common clinical presentations, causes, imaging manifestations, and angiographic management of GIB in cancer patients.

Correction to "Enhancement of Molten Nitrates Thermal Properties by Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphene Quantum Dots".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01291.].

Role of hepatic metastatic lesion size on inter-reader reproducibility of CT-based radiomics features.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of hepatic metastatic lesion size on inter-reader reproducibility of CT-based 2D radiomics imaging features. METHODS: Computerized tomography (CT) scans of 59 liver metastases from 34 patients with colorectal cancer were evaluated. Image segmentation was performed manually by three readers blinded to each other's results. For each radiomics feature, we created two datasets by sorting measurements according to size, i.e., (i) from the smallest to the largest lesion and (ii) from the largest to the smallest lesion. The Lin concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was employed to analyze the reproducibility of radiomics features. In particular, the CCC was computed as a function of a number of elements in the dataset, by gradually adding lesions from each sorted dataset. To evaluate the effect of lesion size, we analyzed the difference between these two functions thus assessing the contribution of small and large lesions into the reproducibility of radiomics features. RESULTS: Inter-reader reproducibility of CT-based 2D radiomics features assessed using Lin's CCC demonstrates tumor-size dependence. For example, the Lin CCC for GLCM contrast equals 0.88 (95% C.I. 0.84 to 0.92, p < 0.003) and could change by an additional + / - 0.06 depending on the presence of large or small lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Groups of "large" and "small" lesions show different inter-reader reproducibility. The inter-reader reproducibility from the mixed group consisting of "large" and "small" lesions depends on the lesion-size distribution and can vary widely. This finding could partially explain variability in reproducibility of radiomics features in the literature. KEY POINTS: • Groups of "large" and "small" lesions show different inter-reader reproducibility. • The inter-reader reproducibility from the mixed group consisting of "large" and "small" lesions depends on the lesion-size distribution.