RESUMO
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks are used as biomaterials for next-generation sequencing of cancer panels. Cross-contamination is detected in approximately 5% of the DNA extracted from FFPE samples, which reduces the detection rate of genetic abnormalities. There are no effective methods available for processing FFPE blocks that prevent cells from mixing with other specimens. The present study evaluated 897 sheets that could potentially prevent cell transmission but allow for the movement of various solvents used in FFPE blocks. According to the International Organization for Standardization and Japanese Industrial Standards, six requirements were established for the screening of packing sheets: 1) filter opening ≤5 µm, 2) thickness ≤100 µm, 3) chemical resistance, 4) permeability ≥1.0 × 10-3 cm/s, 5) water retention rate <200%, and 6) cell transit test (≤2 cells/10 high-power fields). Polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, and polypropylene/polyethylene composite sheets met all criteria. A pocket, which was designed to wrap the tissue uniformly, was made of these sheets and was found to effectively block the entry of all cell types during FFPE block processing. Using a sheet pocket, no single cell from the cell pellet could pass through the outer layer. The presence or absence of the sheet pocket did not affect hematoxylin and eosin staining. When processing FFPE blocks as a biomaterial for next-generation sequencing, the sheet pocket was effective in preventing cross-contamination. This technology will in part support the precise translation of histopathological data into genome sequencing data in general pathology laboratories.
Assuntos
Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Neoplasias , DNA/genética , Formaldeído , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Humanos , Neoplasias/patologia , Inclusão em Parafina/métodos , Fixação de Tecidos/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: Copper metabolism MURR1 domain-containing 5 (COMMD5) is mainly expressed in renal tubules (RTs), where it facilitates re-differentiation of injured RTs. We reported that COMMD5 regulates the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor by participating in its endocytic membrane trafficking, thus inhibiting tumor growth. Here we aimed to determine the role of COMMD5 in malignant phenotypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The associations between COMMD5 levels in RTs adjacent to RCC tumors in patients and their clinicopathologic characteristics were evaluated, and the effects of COMMD5 on cancer stemness in RCC cells were investigated. RESULTS: Low COMMD5 levels in RTs correlated with high tumorigenesis and poor patient outcomes. COMMD5 overexpression in RCC cells reduced the proportion of cancer stem cell-like cells and their malignant phenotypes, including proliferation, invasion and sphere formation. Secreted COMMD5 from RT cells also reduced malignant phenotypes. CONCLUSION: COMMD5 might suppress malignant phenotypes of RCC, thus inhibiting tumor development and improving patient prognosis.
Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/fisiologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Proteínas Nucleares/fisiologia , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Carcinogênese/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Prognóstico , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The timed up and go (TUG) test assesses balance and mobility performance. AIM: This study aims to investigate the association between TUG time and mortality in Japanese older persons and to clarify possible moderation effects on mortality and TUG time. METHODS: In all, 874 participants who were ≥ 65 years of age completed the TUG test and had their anthropometric parameters and physical functions measured. We investigated the association between all-cause mortality and TUG using a Cox regression model that included confounders, and explored the time associated with mortality using a restricted cubic spline. We also performed subgroup analyses to explore whether age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) affected the relationship between TUG time and mortality. RESULTS: The median age and mean follow-up period were 74 and 8.5 years, respectively. Median TUG time was 7.4 s and the prevalence of mortality was 25.7%. TUG time in one second was positively associated with an increased risk of total mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 1.054 (1.016-1.093); P = 0.005] in the Cox regression model. The positive association of mortality and TUG time was present when the TUG was over 10.5 s in the restricted cubic spline curve. Older age (75 years or older) moderated the relationship between TUG time and mortality [Pinteraction = 0.096]. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that TUG time is associated with all-cause mortality in Japanese older adults.
Assuntos
Avaliação Geriátrica , Vida Independente , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Equilíbrio Postural , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
E2F transcription factor 5 (E2F5) is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors, which are involved in regulation of various cellular processes, including cellular proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and DNA damage response. Previously, we reported that E2F5 was aberrantly overexpressed in estrogen receptor (ER)negative breast cancer, especially in triplenegative breast cancer (TNBC). In the present study, it was revealed that E2F5 gene silencing caused a significant reduction in the proliferation rate of breast cancer MCF7 (ERpositive luminaltype) and MDAMB231 (TNBCtype) cells. Additional experiments demonstrated that E2F5 knockdown triggered cell death of MCF7 cells but not MDAMB231 cells. As MCF7 and MDAMB231 cells carry wildtype and mutant TP53, respectively, and BT474 (ERnegative, HER2positive type) carrying mutant TP53 exhibited similar results to MDAMB231, the possible effects of E2F5 gene depletion on cell deathrelated TP53target gene expression were examined. Realtime RTqPCR analysis revealed that knockdown of E2F5 in MCF7 cells stimulated cell deathrelated transcription of TP53target genes such as BAX, NOXA and PUMA. For MDAMB231 and BT474 cells, E2F5 gene silencing revealed marginal effects on the expression of TP53 target genes. In addition, silencing of TP53 abrogated the effect of E2F5 silencing in MCF7 cells. Collectively, the present results indicated that E2F5 participated in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer carrying wildtype TP53 through suppression of TP53, while E2F5 had a proproliferative but not antiapoptotic effect on breast cancer with TP53 mutation.
Assuntos
Carcinogênese/genética , Fator de Transcrição E2F5/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Apoptose/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/genética , Fator de Transcrição E2F5/genética , Feminino , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Humanos , Mutação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologia , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/genéticaRESUMO
An adult female complained of enlargement of right eyes in other people. Diffusion-weighted imaging detected an abnormal high-intensity area in the region from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the major forceps on the right side. The patient reported that right eyes appeared larger in size, which suggested prosopometamorphopsia. Adichotic listening test identified left-ear deficit. Acombination of prosopometamorphopsia and left-ear deficit was not identified in the reported patients. Prosopometamorphopsia in most of the reported patients included the eye as did that in our patient. This result suggested the importance of information on the eye in recognizing faces.
Assuntos
Infarto Cerebral/complicações , Infarto Cerebral/patologia , Corpo Caloso/patologia , Reconhecimento Facial , Transtornos da Percepção/etiologia , Substância Branca/patologia , Idoso , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Corpo Caloso/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Orelha/fisiopatologia , Reconhecimento Facial/fisiologia , Feminino , Perda Auditiva/etiologia , Perda Auditiva/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Transtornos da Percepção/fisiopatologia , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Synthetic pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides bind to the minor groove of double-helical DNA with high affinity and specificity, and inhibit the transcription of corresponding genes. In liver cancer, transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß expression is correlated with tumor grade, and high-grade liver cancer tissues express epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. TGF-ß1 was reported to be involved in cancer development by transforming precancer cells to cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TGF-ß1-targeting PI polyamide on the growth of liver cancer cells and CSCs and their TGF-ß1 expression. We analyzed TGF-ß1 expression level after the administration of GB1101, a PI polyamide that targets human TGF-ß1 promoter, and examined its effects on cell proliferation, invasiveness, and TGF-ß1 mRNA expression level. GB1101 treatment dose-dependently decreased TGF-ß1 mRNA levels in HepG2 and HLF cells, and inhibited HepG2 colony formation associated with downregulation of TGF-ß1 mRNA. Although GB1101 did not substantially inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells compared to untreated control cells, GB1101 significantly suppressed the invasion of HLF cells, which displayed high expression of CD44, a marker for CSCs. Furthermore, GB1101 significantly inhibited HLF cell sphere formation by inhibiting TGF-ß1 expression, in addition to suppressing the proliferation of HLE and HLF cells. Taken together, GB1101 reduced TGF-ß1 expression in liver cancer cells and suppressed cell invasion; therefore, GB1101 is a novel candidate drug for the treatment of liver cancer.
Assuntos
Imidazóis/farmacologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Nylons/farmacologia , Pirróis/farmacologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Receptores de Hialuronatos/metabolismo , Invasividade Neoplásica , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Fenótipo , Esferoides Celulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Esferoides Celulares/metabolismoRESUMO
We investigated changes in blood pressure (BP) and metabolic adverse effects, especially elevation of uric acid (UA), after treatment with a thiazide-like diuretic (TD) in patients with essential hypertension. Furthermore, the role of genetic factors in the elevation of UA by TD was assessed by a 500 K SNP DNA microarray. The subjects included 126 hypertensive patients (57 women and 69 men, mean age 59 ± 12 years) who registered for the GEANE (Gene Evaluation for ANtihypertensive Effects) study. After one month of the nontreatment period, TD, indapamide, angiotensin II receptor antagonist valsartan, and Ca channel blocker amlodipine were administered to all patients for 3 months each in a randomized crossover manner. BP, renal function, serum UA level, and electrolytes were measured at baseline and at the end of each treatment period. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with UA elevation after treatment with indapamide were investigated by a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Indapamide significantly decreased both office and home BP levels. Treatment with indapamide also significantly reduced the estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum potassium and increased serum UA. Patients whose UA level increased more than 1 mg/dl showed significantly higher baseline office SBP and plasma glucose and showed greater decline in renal function compared with those who showed less UA increase (<1 mg/dl). Some SNPs strongly associated with an increase in UA after treatment with indapamide were identified. This study is the first report on SNPs associated with UA elevation after TD treatment. This information may be useful for the prevention of adverse effects after treatment with TD.
Assuntos
Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão Essencial/genética , Indapamida/uso terapêutico , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Idoso , Anlodipino/farmacologia , Anlodipino/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacologia , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Estudos Cross-Over , Diuréticos/farmacologia , Hipertensão Essencial/sangue , Hipertensão Essencial/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Humanos , Indapamida/farmacologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valsartana/farmacologia , Valsartana/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Disability is an important health problem among older individuals, prompting the need for long-term care. Age-related disability is usually associated with mobility; however, little is known about the association between mobility and long-term care. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the association between the timed up and go (TUG) test measuring mobility and long-term care eligibility. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed follow-up data of 489 community-dwelling healthy older adults (≥ 65 years) who participated in a prospective observational study. They were divided into certified (59 participants) and uncertified (430 participants) groups based on long-term care eligibility. Anthropometric and physical functioning measures included the TUG test and hand grip strength (HGS), among others. These measures were compared between groups and a multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluated the association between the TUG test times and long-term care eligibility. RESULTS: Participants' minimum follow-up period was 4 years. TUG times were significantly slower (median time: 7.4 vs. 8.3 s, p < 0.001) and HGS and knee-extension strength significantly lower in the certified group than in the uncertified group. The logistic regression analysis showed that TUG times were significantly associated with long-term care eligibility after adjusting for potential covariates. In addition, mediation analysis showed that 53.1% of the association between HGS and long-term care eligibility was mediated through TUG times. CONCLUSION: The TUG test was associated with long-term care eligibility among healthy older adults, implying that the test may be helpful as a predictor for the early determination of dependence in old age.
Assuntos
Assistência de Longa Duração , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Avaliação Geriátrica , Força da Mão , Humanos , Japão , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A concept of sensory tracts in the spinal cord has been established in relation to a dorsolateral pathway which is located in the posterior part of the lateral column and conveys the deep sense. METHODS: The clinical status at onset, neurological symptoms, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 13 patients of spinal cord infarction were studied. RESULTS: The clinical status was acute in 11 patients and subacute in 2 patients. Palsy of the extremities was noted in 11 patients. Segmental sensory disturbance was shown in all patients. One patient showed disturbance of all senses and paraplegia, which indicated transverse myelopathy. In the other 12 patients, 11 patients showed impairment of pain sense although joint position sense was preserved, excluding 1 patient whose sensory disturbance showed dysesthesia alone. In these 11 patients, soft touch and vibration senses were impaired in 7 patients. Abnormality of spinal cord MRI was detected 7 patients. The lesions were located in the cervical cord in 3 patients, cervical to thoracic cord in 1 patient, and thoracic cord in 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS: In the 11 patients in whom pain sense was impaired and joint position sense was preserved, involvement of the anterior spinal cord artery (ASCA) was the mainstay. Impairment of vibration sense was accompanied in 7 patients in patients of ASCA infarction. It was speculated that impairment of vibration sense can occur in patients with ASCA infarction whose ischemia spread to the dorsolateral pathway in the posterior part of the lateral column.
Assuntos
Infarto/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Exame Neurológico , Transtornos de Sensação/diagnóstico , Sensação , Medula Espinal/irrigação sanguínea , Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Avaliação da Deficiência , Feminino , Humanos , Infarto/diagnóstico por imagem , Infarto/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Limiar da Dor , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Propriocepção , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Transtornos de Sensação/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos de Sensação/fisiopatologia , Tato , VibraçãoRESUMO
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 3 (NR4A3) is a member of the NR4A subgroup of orphan nuclear receptors, implicated in the regulation of diverse biological functions, including metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Although many reports have suggested the involvement of NR4A3 in the development and/or progression of tumors, its role varies among tumor types. Previously, we reported that DNA hypomethylation at NR4A3 exon 3 is associated with lower survival rate of neuroblastoma (NB) patients. As hypomethylation of this region results in reduced expression of NR4A3, our observations suggested that NR4A3 functions as a tumor suppressor in NB. However, the exact mechanisms underlying its functions have not been clarified. In the present study, we analyzed public databases and showed that reduced NR4A3 expression was associated with shorter survival period of NB in two out of three datasets. An in vitro study revealed that forced expression of NR4A3 in human NB-derived cell line NB1 resulted in elongation of neurites along with overexpression of GAP43, one of the differentiation markers of NB. On the other hand, siRNA-mediated knockdown of NR4A3 suppressed the expression level of GAP43. Interestingly, the forced expression of NR4A3 induced only the GAP43 but not the other molecules involved in NB cell differentiation, such as MYCN, TRKA, and PHOX2B. These results indicated that NR4A3 directly activates the expression of GAP43 and induces differentiated phenotypes of NB cells, without affecting the upstream signals regulating GAP43 expression and NB differentiation.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/biossíntese , Neuroblastoma/metabolismo , Receptores de Esteroides/biossíntese , Receptores dos Hormônios Tireóideos/biossíntese , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Progressão da Doença , Proteína GAP-43/biossíntese , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Humanos , Neuritos/metabolismo , Neuritos/patologia , Neuroblastoma/genética , Neuroblastoma/patologia , RNA Interferente Pequeno/administração & dosagem , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Receptores de Esteroides/genética , Receptores dos Hormônios Tireóideos/genética , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptors and their ligand ephrins serve crucial roles in the interactions among epithelial cells. Eph receptor/ephrin signaling regulates cell functions, including proliferation, differentiation and migration, via these cell-cell interactions. We reported previously that EPHB2, a member of the Eph receptor family, was highly expressed in chemically induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tissues in mice. Although the higher expression level of EPHB2 has been observed in various human cancers, its roles in the development and progression of cancers are still unclear. In the present study, the functional implications of EPHB2 in the acquisition of malignant phenotypes of cSCC cells was investigated. Silencing of EPHB2 in the human cSCC cell line A431 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like morphological changes accompanied by a significant upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated genes such as zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1/2. In addition, silencing of EPHB2 suppressed anchorage-independent cell growth under 3D culture conditions. Consistent with these observations, EPHB2 exhibited higher levels of expression in tumor spheres formed under 3D culture conditions than in cells cultured in adherent form, and the expression pattern of EMT markers indicated that EMT was suppressed in tumor spheres. The results of the present study indicated that EPHB2 serves a pivotal role in promoting the anchorage-independent growth of A431 cells through the suppression of EMT.
RESUMO
A 40-year-old Japanese man presented with child-onset hypertriglyceridemia recently complicated by diabetes mellitus. The patient's diabetes mellitus was maintained, but he had persistent insulin resistance. The patient also had persistent severe hypertriglyceridemia (1,224-4,104 mg/dL), despite the administration of bezafibrate and ezetimibe. Type V dyslipidemia was revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis and the refrigerator test, and a significantly reduced post-heparin lipoprotein lipase mass of 26 ng/mL was confirmed. Genetic testing confirmed two heterozygous LPL variants, p.Tyr88X and p.Gly215Glu in trans; thus, the patient was diagnosed with lipoprotein lipase deficiency. Lipoprotein lipase deficiency typically arises in type I dyslipidemia, but is latent in type V dyslipidemia.
Assuntos
Complicações do Diabetes , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo I/complicações , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo I/genética , Hipertrigliceridemia/complicações , Adulto , Idade de Início , Bezafibrato/uso terapêutico , Complicações do Diabetes/metabolismo , Ezetimiba/uso terapêutico , Variação Genética , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Hipertrigliceridemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapêutico , Resistência à Insulina , Lipase Lipoproteica/genética , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: T-wave alternans (TWA) is a risk stratification predictor for sudden cardiac death. However, little is known about the diurnal variation of TWA. Whether TWA are affected by heart rate (HR) or cardiac autonomic nervous activity in the subjects without significant structural heart disease in daily life is not fully understood. Thus, this study was aimed to clarify these issues. METHODS: Frequency domain (FD)-TWA analysis was conducted in 47 subjects without significant structural heart disease using 24-hr ambulatory electrocardiogram (AECG). Measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) was performed in order to evaluate the autonomic activity of the heart. The maximum FD-TWA value in each period was measured four times per day (A, 00:00-6:00 hr; B, 06:00-12:00 hr; C, 12:00-18:00 hr; D, 18:00-24:00 hr). Correlations between FD-TWA and either HR or HRV parameters (LF/HF, LFnu, HFnu, SDNN, CVNN, pNN50) were analyzed in each period (A-D). RESULTS: There was diurnal variation of FD-TWA (median, inter-quartile range [IQR]: A, 8.2 [6.5, 10.6] µV; B, 10.1 [8.4, 15.0] µV; C, 17.6 [12.3, 25.0] µV: D, 11.9 [9.1, 19.9] µV; p < 0.0001). Maximum FD-TWA had positive correlations with HR and LF/HF (HR, r = 0.496, p < 0.0001; LF/HF, r = 0.414, p = 0.004), while FD-TWA had a negative correlation with HFnu (r = -0.291, p = 0.048). On multiple linear regression analysis, HR had an independent effect on log FD-TWA amplitude (ß = 0.461, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: FD-TWA has marked diurnal variation in the daily life of the subjects without significant structural heart disease. This variation could be more strongly affected by HR than the HRV indices.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Ecocardiografia Doppler/métodos , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial/métodos , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
AIM: Adiponectin exhibits its biological effects through adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), which are distributed in the kidneys, and activation of those receptors could prevent or ameliorate diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between AdipoR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and kidney function in an elderly Japanese population. METHODS: A total of 271 elderly Japanese volunteers underwent anthropometric and laboratory tests (cystatin C-based eGFR and total and high molecular weight adiponectin levels at baseline and a follow-up visit). Genotype data were obtained for the selected 7 and 5 AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 SNPs, respectively. RESULTS: In a cross-sectional analysis at baseline, we found a significant association between the AdipoR2 SNP rs12230440 and kidney function; eGFRcys tended to increase as the number of carriers of T alleles increased after adjustment for covariates and Bonferroni correction, although the association of the SNP and annual eGFR decline could not be identified in the longitudinal data. Regarding the variants rs16850797, rs11061925, and rs10773983, each of the allele G, allele C, and allele G showed nominally significant associations with higher eGFRcys. However, this failed to reach significance after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION: Here, an AdipoR2 SNP was associated with kidney function, suggesting that the effects of this polymorphism on adiponectin receptor may affect kidney function in the elderly Japanese population.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/análise , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Nefropatias/genética , Rim/fisiopatologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Receptores de Adiponectina/genética , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Genótipo , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Nefropatias/diagnóstico , Nefropatias/epidemiologia , Nefropatias/fisiopatologia , Testes de Função Renal , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Prognóstico , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
The circadian clock influences a multitude of cellular and biological processes, including blood pressure control. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) exhibit aberrant circadian rhythms affecting cardiovascular parameters, and they also have abnormal clock gene expression profiles in several organs. Given the important role of the adrenal gland in orchestrating circadian oscillations, we investigated the adrenal gland circadian clock in SHR and control Wistar-Kyoto rats maintained under a 12-hour light-dark cycle. Adrenal glands, livers, and serum samples were collected every 4 h and mRNA was extracted for analysis of clock gene expression. Serum levels of corticosterone and aldosterone were also analyzed. Overall, the circadian profiles of Bmal1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, RevErba, Revervb, and Dbp gene expression in SHR adrenal glands were phase-advanced relative to controls. The expression profile of StAR (a representative gene under circadian control in the adrenal gland), as well as the circadian rhythms of serum concentrations of corticosteroid and aldosterone were also phase advanced. E4bp4 gene expression was significantly higher during the dark period, yet the expression of its transcriptional activator, Rora, was significantly lower throughout the 24 h period in SHR adrenal glands than in controls. This paradoxical high E4bp4 gene expression was, however, not observed in the liver. In addition, Per1, Per2, Per3, Reverba, and Reverbb mRNA tended to be lower in SHR adrenal glands than in controls. Thus, we conclude that SHR possess an abnormal adrenal circadian clock, which may affect the transcriptional regulation of clock-controlled genes, and steroid hormone secretion by the adrenal gland.
Assuntos
Glândulas Suprarrenais/fisiopatologia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Proteínas CLOCK/genética , Relógios Circadianos/fisiologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Animais , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Hipertensão/genética , Fígado/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Endogâmicos WKYRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A novel signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) device and a novel ambulatory SAECG device are clinically available, but reference values have not been established. This study aimed to validate the novel SAECG and the novel ambulatory-based SAECG devices by comparison with the conventional SAECG device. METHODS AND RESULTS: High-resolution SAECGs were recorded consecutively in 83 healthy volunteers using the 3 devices. A novel ambulatory SAECG device was used as real-time recording within 15â¯min for validation study (15â¯min ambulatory-based SAECG). We examined the concordance of positive results (at least 2/3 abnormal SAECG parameters) and negative results (0 or 1/3 abnormal parameters), as well as the correlations between SAECG parameters (filtered QRS duration [fQRS]); duration of low-amplitude signalsâ¯<â¯40⯵V in the terminal filtered QRS complex [LAS40]; root mean square voltage of the terminal 40â¯ms of the filtered QRS complex [RMS40]). Qualitative analysis showed excellent concordance among the novel SAECG, the 15â¯min ambulatory-based SAECG, and the conventional SAECG methods (novel SAECG vs. conventional SAECGâ¯=â¯94%; 15â¯min ambulatory-based SAECG vs. conventional SAECGâ¯=â¯91.6%; pâ¯=â¯0.755), while quantitative analysis indicated strong correlations between the novel SAECG and the conventional SAECG values for fQRS, LAS40, and LnRMS40 (râ¯=â¯0.838-0.805, pâ¯<â¯0.0001, respectively). Strong correlations were also seen between 15â¯min ambulatory-based SAECG and conventional SAECG values for fQRS, LAS40, and RMS40 (râ¯=â¯0.943-0.888, pâ¯<â¯0.0001, respectively). However, Bland-Altman quantitative analysis showed better agreement in fQRS and LnRMS40 measured by the 15â¯min ambulatory-based SAECG and the conventional SAECG than those by the novel SAECG and the conventional SAECG (fQRS, Lin's rho_câ¯=â¯0.923 vs. 0757; RMS40, Lin's rho_câ¯=â¯0.932 vs. 0.818, respectively). CONCLUSION: In healthy subjects, the parameters of either the novel SAECG or the 15â¯min ambulatory-based SAECG and those of the conventional SAECG were strongly correlated. Relatively good agreements were observed among 3 SAECGs, especially better between the 15â¯min ambulatory-based SAECG and the conventional SAECG probably due to similar measurement system of 2 methods.
Assuntos
Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial/instrumentação , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Adulto , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Teóricos , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por ComputadorRESUMO
As cancer susceptibility varies among mouse strains, mouse models are powerful tools for the identification of genes responsible for cancer development. Several cancer susceptibility loci have been mapped by genetic analysis using cancer-resistant and cancer-susceptible mouse strains. However, only a few corresponding genes for these loci have been identified, because most of the cancer susceptibility loci are low-penetrance alleles. We reported previously that wild-derived PWK mice showed no tumor development on treatment with the two-stage skin carcinogenesis protocol [induced by 7.12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)], and that this phenotype is dominant-resistant when crossed with the highly susceptible strain FVB. From the analysis of the F1 backcross generation between PWK and FVB, we have mapped the new significant locus Skts-fp1 on chromosome 4. In the present study, congenic strains were generated with the PWK resistance allele in the FVB background using a phenotype-driven approach, and sought to narrow down the candidate loci and find the responsible gene(s). One of the resistant mice in the N6 generation carried the remaining PWK allele on chromosomes 4, 7 and 11, and an association study using the progeny of this mouse suggested that the locus on chromosome 11 may affect the cancer susceptibility locus on chromosome 7. On the other hand, no skin tumor susceptibility locus was mapped on chromosome 11 as examined in N2 progeny. These findings suggest that there is at least one tumor-resistance gene on chromosome 7, the function of which could be regulated by gene(s) located on chromosome 11.
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BACKGROUND: Infarction of the vermis and the tonsil in the cerebellum presents as truncal and gait ataxia. Acute rotatory vertigo is often present in infarction of the nodulus in the caudal vermis, which is closely associated with the vestibular pathway, but is minor in infarction of the rostral vermis. The rostral vermis receives input from the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) which conveys unconsciousness proprioceptive signals from the ipsilateral lower trunk and leg. The present study investigated the characteristics of infarction of the vermis and the tonsil. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Neuroradiological findings of 3 patients whose lesions were located in the vermis or the tonsil were analyzed. RESULTS: All lesions were located in the anterior lobe in the rostral vermis, the nodulus in the caudal vermis, or the tonsil. Truncal and gait ataxia were exhibited by 3 patients. Rotatory vertigo was exhibited by 2 patients whose lesions were located in the nodulus and the tonsil, but absent in a patient with infarction of the anterior lobe. Lateropulsion opposite the lesion was apparent in a patient with infarction of the tonsil. Gaze-evoked nystagmus was observed in 2 patients with infarction of the nodulus and the tonsil. CONCLUSIONS: The tonsil and the nodulus were considered to have a close relationship with the vestibular pathway. Absence of rotatory vertigo indicated impairment of the DSCT. Our data suggested that the cause of truncal and gait ataxia differed between the rostral vermis and the caudal vermis/tonsil.
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Infartos do Tronco Encefálico , Cerebelo , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ataxia/diagnóstico , Ataxia/etiologia , Ataxia/fisiopatologia , Infartos do Tronco Encefálico/complicações , Infartos do Tronco Encefálico/diagnóstico por imagem , Infartos do Tronco Encefálico/fisiopatologia , Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Cerebelo/fisiopatologia , Angiografia Cerebral/métodos , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Feminino , Marcha Atáxica/diagnóstico , Marcha Atáxica/etiologia , Marcha Atáxica/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Exame Neurológico , Nistagmo Patológico/diagnóstico , Nistagmo Patológico/etiologia , Nistagmo Patológico/fisiopatologia , Prognóstico , Vertigem/diagnóstico , Vertigem/etiologia , Vertigem/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: A subtype prediction score for primary aldosteronism has not yet been developed and validated using a large dataset. This study aimed to develop and validate a new subtype prediction score and to compare it with existing scores using a large multicenter database. METHODS: In total, 1936 patients with primary aldosteronism were randomly assigned to the development and validation datasets, constituting 1290 and 646 patients, respectively. Three prediction scores were generated with or without confirmatory tests, using logistic regression analysis. In the validation dataset, new and existing prediction scores were compared using receiver operating characteristic curve, net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement analyses. RESULTS: The new prediction score is simply calculated using serum potassium levels [>3.9âmmol/l (four points); 3.5-3.9âmmol/l (three points)], the absence of adrenal nodules during computed tomography (three points), a baseline plasma aldosterone concentration of <210.0âpg/ml (two points), a baseline aldosterone/renin ratio of less than 620 (two points), and female sex (one point). Using the validation dataset, we found that a new subtype prediction score of at least 8 had a positive predictive value of 93.5% for bilateral hyperaldosteronism. The new prediction score for bilateral hyperaldosteronism was better than the existing prediction scores in the receiver operating characteristic curve and net reclassification improvement analyses. CONCLUSION: The new prediction score has clear advantages over the existing prediction scores in terms of diagnostic accuracy, feasibility, and the potential for generalization in a large population. These data will help healthcare professionals to better select patients who require adrenal venous sampling.
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Glândulas Suprarrenais/diagnóstico por imagem , Aldosterona/sangue , Hiperaldosteronismo/sangue , Hiperaldosteronismo/classificação , Potássio/sangue , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Curva ROC , Distribuição Aleatória , Sexo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Objective An abnormal high intensity area (HIA) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) indicates the presence of cytotoxic edema and has been reported to be observed in the hippocampus of patients with transient global amnesia (TGA). The appearance of an HIA on DWI is usually delayed after the onset of patients with amnesia in TGA; thus, the significance of the HIA was evaluated in patients with TGA. Methods Three adult TGA patients who had a unilateral HIA on DWI (right, n=2; left, n=1) were enrolled. These patients were hospitalized due to acute-onset amnesia. Amnesia subsided within 24 hours of hospitalization in all three patients. Results The HIA was confined to the upper lateral zone of the body in the unilateral hippocampus where the CA1 region exists. The lesions were confirmed after the improvement of amnesia in the three patients. The location of the lesions corresponded to the watershed area where the upper and lower hippocampal arteries were anastomosed. Conclusion Cytotoxicity caused by glutamate-mediated calcium influx in the neurons of the CA1 region was recently reported in the pathogenesis of TGA. Based on the pathogenesis, the cytotoxicity was considered to have been caused by calcium overload throughout the entire CA1 region, and amnesia occurred due to this cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity was more marked in the lesions because of the lower blood flow in the watershed area and was prolonged after the function of the CA1 region (excluding the watershed area) improved, which led to cytotoxic edema in the lesions.