RESUMO
Prior research on the relations between the five-factor model (FFM) of personality traits and job performance has suggested mixed findings: Some studies pointed to linear relations, while other studies revealed nonlinear relations. This study addresses these gaps using machine learning (ML) methods that can model complex relations between the FFM traits and job performance in a more generalizable way, particularly interpretable ML techniques that can more effectively reveal the nature (linear, curvilinear, interactive) and strength (feature/relative importance) of the personality-job performance relations. Overall, the results based on a sample of 1,190 employees suggest that nonlinear ML methods perform slightly yet consistently better than linear regression methods in modeling the relation of job performance with FFM facets, but not with factors. On the factor level, conscientiousness exhibits a noticeable curvilinear relation with job performance, and it also interacts with other FFM factors to predict job performance. Conscientiousness displays the strongest feature importance across job types, followed by agreeableness. On the facet level, most FFM facets show limited evidence for curvilinear and interactive (with other facets) relations with job performance. While several conscientiousness facets (order, deliberation, self-discipline) display the strongest feature importance in predicting job performance, some agreeableness (straightforwardness, altruism) and extraversion (positive emotionality) facets also emerge as important features for different sales job types (corporate vs. individual sales). We discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
RESUMO
Objective: To anlysis the efficacy and safety of cut-umbilical cord milking (C-UCM) compared with immediate cord clamping in preventing anemia and iron deficiency among term cesarean-delivered newborns. Methods: A total of 485 pregnant women planning to deliver by cesarean section were recruited in this randomized controlled trial in Hunan Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Liuyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from July 2016 to April 2019. A block randomization was conducted to evenly allocate them to the controlled group and the C-UCM group. In the controlled group, the cord was clamped within 30 seconds as routine. In the C-UCM group, the cord was first clamped at 25 cm from the newborn's navel, and then the blood in the cord was gently squeezed into the newborn's body until the cord became white and shriveled. The cord was clamped twice at 2-3 cm from the newborn's navel subsequently. Neonatal jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia and polycythemia were monitored before discharge. After the newborns discharged, their hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit (at the age of 1, 6 and 12 months) and serum ferritin (at the age of 6 and 12 months) were followed up; body length and weight were measured; and information about their feeding and iron supplementation were collected (at the age of 1, 6, 12 and 18 months). The two groups were compared by t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ² test, or Fisher exact probability method. The hospital was set as a random item, and the mixed effects regression model was used to evaluate the effect of C-UCM on relevant indicators of cesarean-delivered newborns. Results: There were 244 women in the C-UCM group with an average age of (31.9±4.4) years, and 241 in the control group with an average age of (31.8±4.2) years (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the C-UCM group and the control group at 1, 6 and 12 months of age in hemoglobin [(123.6±14.5) vs (122.2±14.5) g/L, (115.3±9.4) vs (114.1±8.5) g/L, (115.6±9.6) vs (116.1±12.6) g/L] or anemia incidence rate [15.2% (17/112) vs 18.4% (19/103), 22.7% (34/150) vs 26.8% (44/164), 22.3% (25/112) vs 19.5% (22/113)] (all P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at 6 and 12 months of age in serum ferritin [M (Q1, Q3), 39.9 (24.9, 61.8) vs 43.6 (25.2, 100.9) µg/L, 40.3 (25.4, 259.2) vs 40.3 (26.4, 167.6) µg/L)] or iron deficiency incidence rate [6.1% (5/82) vs 4.2% (3/72), 6.7% (5/75) vs 3.8% (3/80)] (all P>0.05). There were also no significant difference between the two groups in other indicators, such as the Z-score of weight-for-length, the incidence of neonatal jaundice, and the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (all P>0.05). After adjusting for the relevant covariates, there were still no significant effects of C-UCM on these outcomes above. Conclusions: Compared to immediate cord clamping, the intervention of gently squeezing 25 cm of the cord does not significantly reduce the risk of anemia or iron deficiency in term cesarean-delivered newborns, nor does it have a significant impact on infant growth and development. Yet this intervention does not increase the risk of jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia in newborns as well.
Assuntos
Anemia Ferropriva , Cesárea , Cordão Umbilical , Humanos , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Anemia Ferropriva/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Sangue FetalRESUMO
Activated hepatic stellate cells differentiate into myofibroblasts, which synthesize and secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to liver fibrosis. It was previously demonstrated that bulleyaconitine A (BLA), an alkaloid from Aconitum bulleyanum, inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of human hepatic Lieming Xu-2 (LX-2) cells. In this study, we analyzed the effect of BLA on the production of ECM and related proteins by LX-2 cells activated with acetaldehyde (AA). The cells were randomized into the control group, AA group (cells activated with 400 µM AA), and BLA+AA group (cells cultured in the presence of 400 µM AA and 18.75 µg/ml BLA). In the BLA+AA group, the contents of collagens I and III and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) were statistically significantly higher than in the control, but lower than in the AA group. Expression of MMP-1 in the BLA+AA group was also significantly higher than in the AA group, but lower than in the control. Expression of TIMP-1 in the BLA+AA group was significantly higher than in the control, but lower than in the AA group. Thus, BLA suppressed activation and proliferation of LX-2 cells by inhibiting TGF-ß1 signaling pathway and decreasing the content of collagens I and III by reducing the MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio.
Assuntos
Acetaldeído , Aconitina , Actinas , Colágeno Tipo I , Matriz Extracelular , Células Estreladas do Fígado , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-1 , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1 , Células Estreladas do Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Estreladas do Fígado/metabolismo , Humanos , Acetaldeído/farmacologia , Acetaldeído/análogos & derivados , Aconitina/farmacologia , Aconitina/análogos & derivados , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo I/genética , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-1/metabolismo , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-1/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/genética , Actinas/metabolismo , Actinas/genética , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz/genética , Linhagem Celular , Colágeno Tipo III/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo III/genética , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Aconitum/química , Cirrose Hepática/metabolismo , Cirrose Hepática/patologiaRESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of domestically produced magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Method: This study is a prospective cohort study. Patients with typical heartburn and reflux symptoms (at least partial response to proton pump inhibitors), abnormal esophageal acid exposure and normal esophageal peristalsis were included, prospectively in the Department of Gastroesophageal Surgery, Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center from June 2019 to September 2022. Patients with hiatal hernia >2 cm and severe esophagitis were excluded. The MSA was wrapped around the distal esophagus after esophageal hiatus repair by laparoscopy. A postoperative questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the relief of symptom, complications, the discontinuation rate of proton pump inhibitor, and surgical satisfaction. Gastroscopy, high-resolution esophageal pressure measurement, and pH value impedance monitoring were also reviewed. The pre- and postoperative rates were compared using the McNeinar χ2 test. Result: Currently, 23 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease were enrolled and underwent MSA surgery. There were 20 males and 3 females, aged (M (IQR)) 48 (14) years (range: 25 to 64 years). All cases were successfully implanted with MSA. Subjective indicators were followed for 17 (18) months (range: 14 to 53 months), while objective indicators were followed for 17 (1) months (range: 12 to 23 months). The postoperative gastrointestinal and extraesophageal symptom scores showed a significant decrease compared to preoperative levels as follows: the degree of subjective relief of overall digestive symptoms was 90 (20)% (range:0~100%), the degree of subjective relief of overall respiratory symptoms was 100(10)% (range: 10%~100%), the overall satisfaction rate was 83% (19/23), the proton pump inhibitor discontinuation rate was 70% (16/23). The proportion of esophagitis has decreased from 44% (10/23) to 9% (2/23) (κ=0.169, P=0.039), The Hill grade of gastroesophageal valve morphology improved from 1 case of grade â , 5 cases of grade â ¡, 10 cases of grade â ¢, and 7 cases of grade â ¢ preoperative to 22, 1, 0, and 0 cases postoperative. The proportion of lower esophageal sphincter pressure below normal has decreased from 70% (16/23) to 35% (8/23) (κ=0.170, P=0.012). There were 21 patients who restored normal esophageal acid exposure. Eleven patients had mild long-term dysphagia, but it didn't affect their daily life. No postoperative device migration, erosion, or secondary surgical removal occurred. Conclusions: Laparoscopic implantation of the MSA device was safe and well tolerated. It can effectively control the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease, reduce medication, restore normal cardia morphology and function, and esophageal acid exposure. The main postoperative complication was dysphagia, but it was relatively mild.
Assuntos
Refluxo Gastroesofágico , Humanos , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/cirurgia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Laparoscopia/métodos , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Manometria , Esfíncter Esofágico Inferior/cirurgia , Hérnia Hiatal/cirurgiaRESUMO
Objective: To examine the impact of varied surgical treatment strategies on the prognosis of patients with initial resectable gastric cancer liver metastases (IR-GCLM). Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Employing a retrospective cohort design, the study selected clinicopathological data from the national multi-center retrospective cohort study database, focusing on 282 patients with IR-GCLM who underwent surgical intervention between January 2010 and December 2019. There were 231 males and 51 males, aging (M(IQR)) 61 (14) years (range: 27 to 80 years). These patients were stratified into radical and palliative treatment groups based on treatment decisions. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and distinctions in survival rates were assessed using the Log-rank test. The Cox risk regression model evaluated HR for various factors, controlling for confounders through multivariate analysis to comprehensively evaluate the influence of surgery on the prognosis of IR-GCLM patients. A restricted cubic spline Cox proportional hazard model assessed and delineated intricate associations between measured variables and prognosis. At the same time, the X-tile served as an auxiliary tool to identify critical thresholds in the survival analysis for IR-GCLM patients. Subgroup analysis was then conducted to identify potential beneficiary populations in different surgical treatments. Results: (1) The radical group comprised 118 patients, all undergoing R0 resection or local physical therapy of primary and metastatic lesions. The palliative group comprised 164 patients, with 52 cases undergoing palliative resections for gastric primary tumors and liver metastases, 56 cases undergoing radical resections for gastric primary tumors only, 45 cases undergoing palliative resections for gastric primary tumors, and 11 cases receiving palliative treatments for liver metastases. A statistically significant distinction was observed between the groups regarding the site and the number of liver metastases (both P<0.05). (2) The median overall survival (OS) of the 282 patients was 22.7 months (95%CI: 17.8 to 27.6 months), with 1-year and 3-year OS rates were 65.4% and 35.6%, respectively. The 1-year OS rates for patients in the radical surgical group and palliative surgical group were 68.3% and 63.1%, while the corresponding 3-year OS rates were 42.2% and 29.9%, respectively. A comparison of OS between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (P=0.254). Further analysis indicated that patients undergoing palliative gastric cancer resection alone had a significantly worse prognosis compared to other surgical options (HR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.21 to 3.24, P=0.006). (3) The size of the primary gastric tumor significantly influenced the patients' prognosis (HR=2.01, 95%CI: 1.45 to 2.79, P<0.01), with HR showing a progressively increasing trend as tumor size increased. (4) Subgroup analysis indicates that radical treatment may be more effective compared to palliative treatment in the following specific cases: well/moderately differentiated tumors (HR=2.84, 95%CI 1.49 to 5.41, P=0.001), and patients with liver metastases located in the left lobe of the liver (HR=2.06, 95%CI 1.19 to 3.57, P=0.010). Conclusions: In patients with IR-GCLM, radical surgery did not produce a significant improvement in the overall prognosis compared to palliative surgery. However, within specific patient subgroups (well/moderately differentiated tumors, and patients with liver metastases located in the left lobe of the liver), radical treatment can significantly improve prognosis compared to palliative approaches.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Hepáticas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Adulto , Prognóstico , Taxa de Sobrevida , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Cuidados Paliativos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Hepatectomia/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objective: To investigate the effect of the trace element zinc (Zn) on apoptosis and cell proliferation in palate shelvesduring the fusion phase, and to screen candidate genes of the Zn-finger special protein (Sp) family that were differentially expressed between the cleft palate and the normal palate to explore the mechanism of Zn in the development of cleft palate. Methods: Zn-rich, normal-Zn, low-Zn, and Zn-deficient diets were fed to female mice and, for the resultant fetuses, paraffin slices of their heads were made at embryonicdays 14.5 and 16.5. Using terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling, the number of apoptotic cells in the palatal shelves was counted, and cell proliferation activity was detected using proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining. Total RNA from the palatal shelves of fetal mice was extracted from the Zn-rich diet, normal Zn-diet, and Zn-deficient-diet groups. We used microarray analysis to examine the expression of genes to identify intergroup differential gene expression and polymerase chain reaction tests to validate the results. Results: At ED14.5, the incidence of cleft palate in the regular zinc group, zinc rich group, low zinc group, and zinc deficient group was 8% (3/36), 2% (1/39), 29% (12/41), and 39% (15/38), respectively. The HE staining results at ED14.5 showed that both the left and right palatal processes in the zinc group had been lifted up and were in contact and connected with each other. In the zinc deficiency group, the left and right palatine processes remained vertically downwards on both sides of the tongue, ultimately forming cleft palate; In the low zinc group, the left and right palatine processes were raised but not in contact, ultimately resulting in cleft palate. There is no significant difference between the zinc rich group and the regular zinc group. At ED14.5, the positive rates of proliferative cells in the palatal process of fetal mice in the regular zinc group (80.29% ± 7.39%) and the zinc rich group (87.69% ± 6.62%) were significantly higher than those in the zinc deficient group (56.05% ± 16.13%) and the low zinc group (56.22% ± 9.61%) (t=4.32, P<0.05). The apoptosis index of fetal rat palatal process cells in the zinc deficient group (38.80% ± 3.10%) and the low zinc group (28.80% ± 6.19%) were significantly higher than those in the regular zinc group (16.80% ± 1.82%) (t=19.35, P<0.001; t=5.81, P<0.001). There were 663 differentially expressed genes in the zinc rich group and the zinc deficient group, with 513 up-regulated genes and 150 down-regulated genes, among which Sp5 was found to be located. The real time PCR results showed that compared with the regular zinc group (2.22 ± 0.36), the expression level of Sp5mRNA in the palatal process tissue of the zinc deficient group (1.23 ± 0.38) significantly increased (P<0.05), while the zinc rich group (3.68 ± 0.90) significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions: Trace element Zn content was found to be closely related to the occurrence of cleft palate in mice offspring, with a lack of Zn leading to cleft palate.
Assuntos
Fissura Palatina , Oligoelementos , Camundongos , Feminino , Animais , Ratos , Fissura Palatina/genética , Zinco/farmacologia , Oligoelementos/farmacologia , Palato , Apoptose , Proliferação de Células , Expressão GênicaRESUMO
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common pregnancy metabolic disorder in which a person with no history of hyperglycemia exhibits any degree of impaired glucose tolerance during gestation. GDM can be resolved on its own after birth, but mothers with GDM are more at risk for future problems, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. In addition, GDM can cause macrosomia in infants and obesity or even the risk of diabetes in childhood. Standard diagnostic tests for GDM are the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glucose challenge test (GCT), which is a mandatory test at 28-28 weeks of pregnancy in most countries. Disorders in various molecular mechanisms, such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathways are involved in GDM. Therefore, a better understanding of these mechanisms can help find new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies accordingly. In this review, we first deal with molecular mechanisms involved in GDM occurrence and then summarized the studies that hired this knowledge for early diagnosis and prognosis of GDM. Finally, we present the latest achievements in the diagnosis of GDM based on exosomes, microRNAs, glycosylated hemoglobin, and inflammatory factors detection in maternal circulation.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Diabetes Gestacional , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Macrossomia Fetal , Prognóstico , Obesidade/complicações , Glicemia/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Sarcopenia's temporal profile can be regarded as a dynamic process with distinct states, in which malnutrition plays an important role. This study aimed to address two research gaps: sarcopenia's transitional dynamics and associations of nutritional indices with state transitions in community-dwelling Chinese adults aged 50 and older. DESIGN: A prospective population-based cohort study. SETTING: Community-based setting in western China. PARTICIPANTS: The analytic sample included data from 1910 participants aged ≥ 50 in the West China Health and Aging Trend study between 2018-2022. MEASUREMENTS: We defined three states: the initial normal state (normal muscle strength, physical performance and muscle mass), the worst sarcopenia state (low muscle mass plus low muscle strength and/or low physical performance) and the intermediate subclinical state (the other scenarios). The relevant measurement methods and cut-off points were based on the 2019 AWGS consensus. Using a continuous-time multistate Markov model, we calculated probabilities of transitions between different states over 1, 2 and 4 years; we also examined associations between nutritional indices and transitions, including body mass index (BMI), calf circumference (CC), mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), albumin (ALB), geriatric nutrition risk index (GNRI), vitamin D (VitD) and prealbumin (PA). RESULTS: For individuals in the normal state, their probabilities of remaining stable versus progressing to a subclinical state were 53.4% versus 42.1% at 2 years, and 40.6% versus 49.0% at 4 years. In the subclinical population, their 2- and 4-year chances were 60.2% and 51.2% for maintaining this state, 11.8% and 16.2% for developing sarcopenia, 28.0% and 32.6% for reverting to normal. For sarcopenic individuals, the likelihood of staying stable versus retrogressing to the subclinical state were 67.0% versus 26.3% at 2 years, and 48.3% versus 36.3% at 4 years. Increased BMI, CC, MAC, TST, ALB, GNRI and PA correlated with reversion from the subclinical state, among which increased TST, ALB and PA were also paralleled with reversion from sarcopenia, while decreased BMI, CC, MAC, TST and GNRI were associated with progression to sarcopenia. VitD was not significantly associated with any transitions. CONCLUSION: This study reveals how sarcopenia changes over time in a Chinese population. It also highlights the usefulness of simple and cost-effective nutritional status indices for indicating state transitions, which can help identify individuals at risk of sarcopenia and guide targeted interventions within the optimal time window.
Assuntos
Sarcopenia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Avaliação Nutricional , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Força Muscular , Força da MãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of metformin for inhibiting self-renewal of colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs). METHODS: CSCs were sorted from Wnt reporter- transfected colorectal cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and treated with metformin. The changes in self-renewal of the cells were assessed using sphere formation, colony formation and limiting dilution assays. The mRNA expressions of genes related with stemness and differentiation and Wnt target genes was detected by qRT-PCR. Wnt activity was assessed using flow cytometry in the CSCs. Seahorse analysis was used to evaluate cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) after metformin treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential levels were detected with TMRE staining, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using MitoSOX staining. Galactose (10 mmol/L), metformin (10 µmol/L), NAC (5 mmol/L), and galactose+metformin were used to modulate ROS levels in the CSCs, and sphere-formation assay and flow cytometry were used to assess the changes in self- renewal capacity and Wnt activity. The effect of lentiviral transfection of yeast NADH dehydrogenase NDI1 on TMRE staining, MitoSOX staining and Wnt activity in the CSCs were analyzed with flow cytometry. RESULTS: Metformin significantly decreased the capacities of CSCs to form spheres, colonies and xenografts and reduced Wnt activity in the cells (P < 0.01). The mRNA levels of stemness-related genes and Wnt target genes decreased significantly while those of differentiation-related genes increased in metformin-treated CSCs (P < 0.05), which also showed significantly decreased OCR, TMRE and ROS levels with enhanced ECAR (P < 0.001). Galactose significantly increased sphereforming capacity, ROS levels and Wnt activity of the cells, and these effects were significantly inhibited by metformin (P < 0.05). Transfection of the CSCs with NDI1 significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of metformin on proportion of CSCs and Wnt signaling pathway activity. CONCLUSION: Metformin reduces mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ROS levels by inhibiting mitochondrial complex â , thereby suppressing Wnt signaling pathway to reduce selfrenewal ability of colorectal CSCs.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Metformina , Humanos , Fosforilação Oxidativa , Galactose , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Anticorpos , Metformina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has replaced chronic hepatitis B as the most common chronic liver disease in China and has now been renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The Brunt, the American NASH Clinical Research Network (NASH-CRN), the European Steatosis, Activity, and Fibrosis/Fatty Liver Inhibition of Progression (SAF/FLIP), and the Pediatric NAFLD are currently the four semi-quantitative grading systems for histological evaluation. This paper reviews these four scoring systems for the clinical selection of appropriate systems for diagnosis and prognosis assessment. This article is a review, and in order to coordinate the evaluation criteria of various scoring systems, the old name "NAFLD" is used.
Assuntos
Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Humanos , Criança , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Biópsia , FibroseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition that affects >10% of the adult population worldwide. Noninvasive assessment of renal function has important clinical significance for disease diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of mDIXON-Quant combined with amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) imaging for accessing renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two healthy volunteers (HVs) and 30 CKD patients were included in this study, and the CKD patients were divided into the mild CKD (mCKD) group (14 cases) and moderate-to-severe CKD (msCKD) group (16 cases) according to glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The cortex APT (cAPT), medulla APT (mAPT), cortex R2â (cR2â), medulla R2â (mR2â), cortex FF (cFF) and medulla FF (mFF) values of the right renal were independently measured by two radiologists. Intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) test was used to test the inter-observer consistency. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the difference among three groups. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the differences of R2â, FF and APT values among the patient and HV groups. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency. The corresponding threshold, sensitivity, and specificity were obtained according to the maximum approximate index. The combined diagnostic efficacy of R2â, FF, and APT values was analyzed by binary Logistic regression, and the AUC of combined diagnosis was compared with the AUC of the single parameter by the Delong test. RESULTS: The cAPT value of the HV, mCKD and msCKD groups increased gradually. The mAPT value and cR2â values of the mCKD and msCKD groups were higher than those of the HV group, while the mFF value of the mCKD group was lower than HV group (all P < 0.05). The cAPT and mAPT values showed good diagnostic efficacy in evaluating different degrees of renal damage, while cR2â and mFF values showed moderate diagnostic efficacy. When combining the APT, R2â, and FF values, the diagnostic efficiency was significantly improved. CONCLUSION: mDIXON-Quant combined APTw imaging can be used for improved diagnosis of CKD.
Assuntos
Prótons , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Adulto , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Amidas , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico por imagem , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Rim/fisiologiaRESUMO
KEY MESSAGE: We finely mapped the rust resistance gene R12 to a 0.1248-cM region, identified a potential R12 candidate gene in the XRQ reference genome, and developed three diagnostic SNP markers for R12. Rust is a devastating disease in sunflower that is damaging to the sunflower production globally. Identification and utilization of host-plant resistance are proven to be preferable means for disease control. The rust resistance gene R12 with broad-spectrum specificity to rust was previously localized to a 2.4 Mb region on sunflower chromosome 11. To understand the molecular mechanism of resistance, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of RHA 464 (R12 donor line) and reference genome-based fine mapping of the gene R12. Overall, the 213 markers including 186 SNPs and 27 SSRs' were identified from RHA 464 sequences and used to survey polymorphisms between the parents HA 89 and RHA 464. Saturation mapping identified 26 new markers positioned in the R12 region, and fine mapping with a large population of 2004 individuals positioned R12 at a genetic distance of 0.1248 cM flanked by SNP markers C11_150451336 and S11_189205190. One gene, HanXRQChr11g0348661, with a defense-related NB-ARC-LRR domain, was identified in the XRQr1.0 genome assembly in the R12 region; it is predicted to be a potential R12 candidate gene. Comparative analysis clearly distinguished R12 from the rust R14 gene located in the vicinity of the R12 gene on chromosome 11. Three diagnostic SNP markers, C11_147181749, C11_147312085, and C11_149085167, specific for R12 were developed in the current study, facilitating more accurate and efficient selection in sunflower rust resistance breeding. The current study provides a new genetic resource and starting point for cloning R12 in the future.
Assuntos
Helianthus , Humanos , Helianthus/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Resistência à Doença/genética , Genes de Plantas , Ligação Genética , Melhoramento Vegetal , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Estudos de Associação GenéticaRESUMO
In personnel selection practice, one useful technique for reducing adverse impact and enhancing diversity is the Pareto-optimal weighting approach of De Corte et al. (2007). This approach produces a series of hiring solutions that characterize a diversity-job performance trade-off and can lead to more optimal selection outcomes (sometimes doubling the number of job offers for minority applicants without changing the job performance outcomes of personnel selection). Despite these advantages, recent research has identified a potential problem with the Pareto-weighting technique-Pareto solutions suffer from shrinkage upon cross-validation. To address the problem of shrinkage in the Pareto trade-off curve (i.e., diversity shrinkage and validity shrinkage), we offer two contributions. First, a shrinkage approximation formula is introduced (similar to a formula for adjusted R², but applicable to the entire Pareto trade-off curve). Second, we derive a novel technique for the regularization of Pareto-optimal predictor weights (borrowed from the field of machine learning), which is designed to produce predictor weights that are less vulnerable to shrinkage (similar to ridge regression and adapted from the elastic net technique). Both approaches-the proposed Pareto shrinkage formula and the proposed regularization technique-are then evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. Recommendations are provided for approximating potential diversity-performance trade-off curves in personnel selection, while accounting for shrinkage. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Desempenho Profissional , Humanos , Simulação por Computador , Seleção de Pessoal , Aprendizado de Máquina , Projetos de PesquisaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Military service members must maintain a certain body mass index and body fat percentage. Due to weight-loss pressures, some service members may resort to unhealthy behaviors that place them at risk for the development of an eating disorder (ED). OBJECTIVES: To understand the scope and impact of EDs in military service members and veterans, we formed the Longitudinal Eating Disorders Assessment Project (LEAP) Consortium. LEAP aims to develop novel screening, assessment, classification, and treatment tools for veterans and military members with a focus on EDs and internalizing psychopathology. METHODS: We recruited two independent nationally representative samples of post-9/11 veterans who were separated from service within the past year. Study 1 was a four-wave longitudinal survey and Study 2 was a mixed-methods study that included surveys, structured-clinical interviews, and qualitative interviews. RESULTS: Recruitment samples were representative of the full population of recently separated veterans. Sample weights were created to adjust for sources of non-response bias to the baseline survey. Attrition was low relative to past studies of this population, with only (younger) age predicting attrition at 1-week follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We expect that the LEAP Consortium data will contribute to improved information about EDs in veterans, a serious and understudied problem.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Militares , Veteranos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnósticoRESUMO
Objective: To explore the prevalence and change trend of severe multiple disabling birth defects in Chongqing City from 2007 to 2020, and to provide a basis for comprehensive prevention and control measures of severe multiple disabling birth defects. Methods: Based on hospital monitoring data, 1 103 children with severe multiple disabling birth defects monitored by all birth defects monitoring institutions in Chongqing City from January 2007 to December 2020 were included in the study. They were grouped by year, perinatal gender, maternal permanent residence (urban/rural), maternal age, different regions and other categories. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in the incidence of severe multiple disabling birth defects in different categories, and linear trend test was used to analyze the change trend. Results: From 2007 to 2020, a total of 1 022 314 perinatal births and 1 103 severe multiple disabling birth defects were monitored in Chongqing City, with an incidence of 10.79/10 000, including 11.47/10 000 in urban areas and 9.48/10 000 in rural areas, with an incidence higher in urban areas than in rural areas(χ2=8.424,P=0.004). Male was 10.47/10 000, female was 10.97/10 000, there was no significant difference between male and female(χ2=0.606,P=0.436). The incidence of maternal in different age groups was u-shaped, and there was statistical difference in incidence among different age groups (χ2=59.465, P<0.001). The incidence of maternal in<20 years old and ≥35 years old was higher, and in 25-29 years old was lower. The incidence rate was 17.96/10 000 in 2007 and 7.18/10 000 in 2020, which decreased by 60.02% in 2007-2020. The incidence of neural tube defect, chromosome syndrome, limb shortening and abdominal wall defect decreased by 78.12%, 77.38%, 80.55% and 91.30%, respectively. Severe Congenital heart disease rose by 456.16%. From 2007 to 2020, the overall incidence of the disease showed a decreasing trend (χ2trend =117.046, P<0.001), except for the rise of severe congenital heart disease, (χ2trend=8.744, P=0.003), the other four types of diseases were on the decline (neural tube defects χ2trend =48.618, P<0.001; chromosome syndrome χ2trend=50.999, P<0.001; limb shortening χ2trend=73.464, P<0.001; abdominal wall defect χ2trend=79.863, P<0.001). Conclusion: From 2007 to 2020, the incidence of severe disabling birth defects in Chongqing City showed a downward trend, and there were regional and age differences. The incidence of severe congenital heart disease is on the rise.