Structural or/and functional MRI-based machine learning techniques for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of ML techniques based on sMRI or/and fMRI for ADHD. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search (from database creation date to March 2024) for relevant English articles on sMRI or/and fMRI-based ML techniques for diagnosing ADHD. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR-), summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the diagnostic value of sMRI or/and fMRI-based ML techniques. The I2 test was used to assess heterogeneity and the source of heterogeneity was investigated by performing a meta-regression analysis. Publication bias was assessed using the Deeks funnel plot asymmetry test. RESULTS: Forty-three studies were included in the systematic review, 27 of which were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of sMRI or/and fMRI-based ML techniques for the diagnosis of ADHD were 0.74 (95 % CI 0.65-0.81) and 0.75 (95 % CI 0.67-0.81), respectively. SROC curve showed that AUC was 0.81 (95 % CI 0.77-0.84). Based on these findings, the sMRI or/and fMRI-based ML techniques have relatively good diagnostic value for ADHD. LIMITATIONS: Our meta-analysis specifically focused on ML techniques based on sMRI or/and fMRI studies. Since EEG-based ML techniques are also used for diagnosing ADHD, further systematic analyses are necessary to explore ML methods based on multimodal medical data. CONCLUSION: sMRI or/and fMRI-based ML technique is a promising objective diagnostic method for ADHD.

Influence Factors and Feasibility Evaluation on Geological Sequestration of CO2 in Coal Seams: A Review.

The geological sequestration of CO2 in coal seams holds significant implications for coalbed methane development and greenhouse gas mitigation. This paper examines the principles, influencing factors, and evaluation methods for geological CO2 sequestration in coal seams by analyzing relevant domestic and international findings. Suitable geological conditions for CO2 sequestration include burial depths between 300 and 1300 m, permeability greater than 0.01 × 10-3 µm2, caprock and floor strata with water isolation capabilities, and high-rank bituminous coal or anthracite with low ash yield. Geological structures, shallow freshwater layers, and complex hydrological conditions should be avoided. Additionally, the engineering conditions of temperature, pressure, and storage time for CO2 sequestration should be given special attention. The feasibility evaluation of CO2 geological storage in coal seams necessitates a comprehensive understanding of coalfield geological factors. By integrating the evaluation principles of site selection feasibility, injection controllability, sequestration security, and development economy, various mathematical models and "one vote veto" power can optimize the sequestration area and provide recommendations for rational CO2 geological storage layout.

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the M9 High-Sulfur Coal from the Renjiazhuang Mining District, China.

According to coal lithotypes, the bottom, parting, roof, and 15 coal samples were collected by finely partitioning the M9 seam from the Renjiazhuang Mining District, Ningxia, China. Conventional chemical analysis, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry techniques were used on these samples to research the vertical variation between geochemistry and mineralogy in the high-sulfur coal. The weighted average content of total sulfur calculated from 15 coal samples is 3.07%, which belongs to the high-sulfur coal. However, the contents of morphological sulfur of 15 piles are significantly different: the contents of pyritic and organic sulfur are observed to range from 0.02 to 1.55% and from 1.88 to 3.91%. The results show that these differences are mainly controlled by marine conditions and the contents of organic matter and kaolinite. The mineralogy of the M9 coal is dominated by kaolinite, followed by dolomite, and it also contains minor amounts of illite, feldspar, pyrite, siderite, hematite, chalcopyrite, calcite, and marcasite. Moreover, pyrite is the main sulfide in coal, and agglomerated chalcopyrite and granular galena are partially visible. The forms of pyrite include fine-grained, spherical, irregular block-shaped, and clumps. Trace elements are mainly carried by pyrite and ash so that physical coal cleaning can be applied to partially remove them, while thalassophile elements Na, Ca, and Mg are closely related to organic sulfur, indicating that the coal blending can be used to decrease their contents.

Wettability and Its Influencing Factors of Tight Sandstones in Coal Measures in Ordos Basin, China.

With the recent development in exploration technology, extensive attention has been given to the tight sandstone gas reservoirs in coal measures. As a surface property of tight sandstone, wettability is a very important factor that controls the distribution and transport of gas and water inside the sandstone; thus, it plays a vital role in the sandstone gas-recovery process. In this study, a series of tests, namely, the Amott-Harvey wettability test, contact angle test, ζ-potential test, X-ray diffraction, thin-section analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry, were conducted to investigate the basic features of tight sandstones in coal measures and the effects of petrological characteristics, fluid properties, the underground environment, sedimentation, and diagenesis on the wetting behavior of sandstone. The impacts of three major forces, namely, the structural, electrostatic, and dispersion forces, on sandstone wettability were also discussed. The results showed that high surface roughness, high textural and compositional maturity, low organic matter content, a strong hydrodynamic sedimentary environment, weak compaction and cementation, high temperature, and high solution pH, as well as a low ionic concentration, enhance the hydrophilicity of the sandstone.

Relationship of ERCC5 genetic polymorphisms with metastasis and recurrence of gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the role of ERCC5 genetic polymorphisms in gastric cancer and their relationship with metastasis and recurrence of gastric cancer. METHODS: A total of 200 patients with gastric cancer and 133 healthy subjects were enrolled. MassARRAY iPLEX® technology was used to genotype ERCC5 rs2016073, rs751402, rs2094258, rs2296147, and rs2296148 between the control group and the gastric cancer group. The relationship of ERCC5 genetic polymorphisms with metastasis and recurrence of gastric cancer was explored. The differences in sociodemographic characteristics between patients with gastric cancer and control subjects were compared using the chi-square test. The genetic loci between the control group and the gastric cancer group were analyzed by the chi-square test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the metastasis of gastric cancer between males and females (p=0.628), but there was a significant difference in the metastasis of gastric cancer (p=0.005). Patients aged ≤60 years and >60 years showed no significant difference in the metastasis of gastric cancer (p=0.420), but there was a significant difference in the recurrence of gastric cancer (p<0.001). The loci rs2016073, rs751402, and rs2094258 in the gastric cancer group showed no significant differences compared with the control group (p=0.194), and the loci rs2296147 and rs2296148 showed significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that ERCC5 polymorphisms (e.g., rs201607, rs751402, rs2094258, rs2296147, and rs2296148) may be associated with metastasis and recurrence of gastric cancer.

Association of ERCC5 Genetic Polymorphisms With Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: To explore association of excision repair cross-complementing 5 (ERCC5) genetic polymorphisms with cirrhosis and liver cancer. METHODS: A total of 365 patients were enrolled, including control group (n = 133), cirrhosis group (n = 122), and liver cancer group (n = 110). The genotyping of ERCC5 rs2016073, rs751402, rs2094258, rs2296147, and rs2296148 was measured by using MassARRAY iPLEX technology. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in gender and drinking among the 3 groups (P > .05). There were significant differences among the 3 groups in both age-group ≤60 and >60 subgroup patients. Locus rs2016073 was significantly different among 3 groups, and genotype GG (n = 0) was not observed in liver cancer group. As for locus rs751402, there were significant differences among 3 groups, and genotype AA (n = 0) was not observed in liver cancer group. As for locus rs2094258, there were no significant differences among 3 groups. Locus rs2296147 showed no significant differences among 3 groups (P > .05), but genotype CC was not observed in liver cancer group (n = 0). As for locus rs2296148, there were significant differences among 3 groups, and genotype TC (n = 0) was not observed in cirrhosis group. Regression analysis found locus rs751402 had significant difference between control group and cirrhosis group, patients with genotype AA and genotype GG were more likely to have cirrhosis than those with genotype GA. CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that genotype AA, genotype GG of ERCC5 locus rs751402, and genotype TC of locus rs2296148 may be important targets for cirrhosis, while ERCC5 polymorphisms (rs2016073 and ERCC5 polymorphisms, rs2016073 with genotype GG, and rs751402 with genotype AA) may be potential markers for liver cancer.

[Inventory and Characteristics of Anthropogenic Ammonia Emission in Xi'an].

Based on the activity data of diverse ammonia sources, the rational estimation method and emission factors were employed, and an anthropogenic ammonia emission inventory was further established to describe the situation of Xi'an in 2013.The results showed that the total anthropogenic ammonia emission reached 47.17×103 t in 2013 with an emission intensity of 4.57 t·km-2; The livestock breeding and nitrogen fertilizers were the major sources of anthropogenic ammonia emission, which were 20.55×103 t and 17.51×103 t, respectively, accounting for 80.68% in total; Cow and hog were the major sources, and occupied 75.03% in livestock breeding emission; Lintong District was the heaviest emission area, the total emission was 10.73×103 t, which accounted for 23.22%; The emission intensity of Yanliang District reached 14.75 t·km-2 which was considered as the most severe area.