Photoinduced radical tandem annulation of 1,7-diynes: an approach for divergent assembly of functionalized quinolin-2(1H)-ones.

The first photocatalytic trichloromethyl radical-triggered annulative reactions of amide-linked 1,7-diynes with polyhalomethanes were established for the flexible assembly of functionalized quinolin-2(1H)-ones with generally acceptable yields. With the installation of the aryl group (R1) into the alkynyl moiety, C-center radical-initiated Kharasch-type addition/nucleophilic substitution/elimination cascade to produce quinolin-2(1H)-ones-incorporating gem-dihaloalkene, whereas three examples of polyhalogenated quinolin-2(1H)-ones were afforded when amide-linked 1,7-diynes bearing two terminal alkyne units were subjected to BrCX3 by exploiting dry acetonitrile as a solvent.

Photoinduced Alkylsulfonylation and Cyanoalkylsulfonylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts via Multicomponent Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide.

General and convenient visible-light-promoted alkylsulfonylation and cyanoalkylsulfonylation of MBH adducts have been developed through the multicomponent insertion of sulfur dioxide, enabling the assembly of two C-S bonds to generate structurally diverse allylic alkylsulfones (43 examples in total). The reaction of MBH adducts with potassium alkyltrifluoroborates and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(sulfur dioxide) adduct afforded sulfones with generally good yields. Notably, the addition of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine as a base into the photocatalytic system led to yielding an alkyl sulfonyl unit and cyano group-anchored trisubstituted alkenes by utilizing cycloketone oxime esters as C-radical precursors. Both of these reactions have constructed two C-S bonds, and all desired products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields with complete stereospecificity.

Orchestration of a blood-derived and ADARB1-centred network in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

The peripheral immune system is thought to influence the pathogenesis of the central nervous system in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of peripheral leukocytes in AD and PD by comprehensively analyzing the transcriptomic and metabolic features in the blood (NCONTROL = 15; NAD = 11; NPD = 13). The study found an ADARB1-centered module that was associated with diagnosis, phenethylamine, and glutamate. The module consisted of ADARB1, a vital RNA-editing enzyme, LINC02960, and 109 miRNAs. The study also predicted that the ADARB1 and involved regulators were targeted by miRNAs in the ADARB1 module. The integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolic panel revealed a central role of ADARB1, miR-199b-5p, miR-26a, miR-450b-5p, miR-34c-5p, glutamate and phenethylamine in the regulatory relationships. The study highlights a set of synergetic non-coding RNA related to ADARB1 in the blood ecosystem of AD and PD with dynamic glutamate and phenethylamine, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of these diseases.

Development of an Immune Prognostic Model for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Based on Tumor Microenvironment.

Immune infiltration remains at a high level in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). It has been confirmed that immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment (TME) is intimately bound up with the progression and the clinical outcome of ccRCC. The prognostic model, developed based on different immune subtypes of ccRCC, has a predictive value in patients' prognosis. RNA sequencing data, somatic mutation data of ccRCC and clinical information were acquired from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. The key immune-related genes (IRGs) were selected and by univariate Cox, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Then the ccRCC prognostic model was developed. The applicability of this model was verified in the independent dataset GSE29609. Thirteen IRGs including CCL7, ATP6V1C2, ATP2B3, ELAVL2, SLC22A8, DPP6, EREG, SERPINA7, PAGE2B, ADCYAP1, ZNF560, MUC20, and ANKRD30A were finally selected and a 13-IRGs prognostic model was developed. Survival analysis demonstrated that when compared with the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group had a lower overall survival (p<0.05). AUC values based on the 13-IRGs prognostic model used to predict 3- and 5-year survival of ccRCC patients were greater than 0.70. And risk score was an independent prognostic factor (p<0.001). In addition, nomogram could accurately predict ccRCC patient's prognosis. This 13-IRGs model can effectively evaluate the prognosis of ccRCC patients, and also provide guidance for the treatment and prognosis of ccRCC patients.

Celastrol enhances bone wound healing in rats.

Bone fracture is one of the most common injuries in the human musculoskeletal system. This study was performed to investigate the effects of celastrol on bone wound healing in rats. Bone wound models of Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with low (10 µg/kg) and high (100 µg/kg) celastrol for 14 days. Serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) contents, bone mechanical properties, bone mineral density (BMD), and the levels of osteogenesis-related and inflammation-related proteins were assessed at the end of the experiments. Rats feeding with celastrol grew normally as control. Compared with model, celastrol administration significantly increased fracture strength, elastic load (0.12 vs 0.16 kg/m), bending energy (11.23 vs 14.23 n x mm), and BMD (0.49 vs 0.54 g/cm3), particularly at a high dose. Serum Ca (2.2 vs 2.7 mmol/L) and ALP (217.3 vs 245.8 IU/L) contents were significantly increased after a high dose celastrol administration, although P content did not change. Western blot analyses showed that OPG (0.72 vs 1.15) and COL-1 (0.20 vs 0.42) but not RUNX2 were upregulated significantly after celastrol administration, and IL-1α (0.82 vs 0.37), IL-6 (0.62 vs 0.28), MCP-1(0.68 vs 0.18), and VEGF (0.62 vs 0.42) were significantly downregulated, while IFN-γ was upregulated (0.29 vs 0.46). Our data demonstrate that celastrol effectively promotes the healing of bone wound in rats and may be further explored as a therapeutic agent to treat bone fracture.

A network meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine on intestinal flora in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Background and Purpose: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can regulate intestinal flora so as to affect the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of gastrointestinal cancer. According to clinical studies, TCM oral administration, TCM external treatment, and TCM injections, can adjust intestinal flora disorders in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. This network meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effect of three treatments on the intestinal flora in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Methods: This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022332553). Six electronic databases, namely CNKI, Wanfang, CSTJ, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, were searched from their inception to 1 April 2022. We identified randomized controlled trials (RCT) used to compare the efficacy of three TCM treatment methods-oral administration, external therapy and injections-on the intestinal flora in gastrointestinal cancer patients. The main outcome indicators were Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, Escherichia coli, and Enterococci. Stata (15.1) and the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool were employed. Results: We identified 20 eligible RCTs with a total of 1,774 patients. According to network meta-analysis results, TCM injection plus common treatment (CT) or oral administration of TCM plus CT was superior to CT alone for supporting Bifidobacterium. In supporting Lactobacillus, TCM injection plus CT demonstrated more obvious effect relative to oral administration of TCM plus CT; TCM injection plus CT was more effective than CT only; and oral administration of TCM plus CT was superior to CT only.The inhibitory effect of TCM injection plus CT on Escherichia coli was better compared with CT only. In terms of inhibiting Enterococci, oral administration of TCM plus CT was superior to CT only.The difference in efficacy among the above treatments was statistically significant. In the SUCRA probability ranking, TCM injection plus CT had the best ranking curve among the three treatments and was the most effective in supporting Bifidobacteria (Sucra = 90.08%), Lactobacilli (Sucra = 96.4%), and regulating Escherichia coli (Sucra = 86.1%) and Enterococci (Sucra = 87.1%). Conclusion: TCM injections plus CT is the most effective therapy in balancing the intestinal flora of gastrointestinal cancer patients. However, the current results deserve further validation through high-quality research. Systematic Review Registration: http://www.prisma-statement.org/, identifier 10.1136/bmj.n71.

Plasma Exo-miRNAs Correlated with AD-Related Factors of Chinese Individuals Involved in Aß Accumulation and Cognition Decline.

Numerous studies have investigated the risk factors of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, AD-risk factors related miRNAs were rarely reported. In this study, AD-risk factor related miRNAs of 105 Chinese individuals (45 AD patients and 60 cognitively normal controls) were investigated. The results showed that Hsa-miR-185-5p, Hsa-miR-20a-5p, and Hsa-miR-497-5p were related to AD and education, Hsa-miR-185-5p, Hsa-miR-181c-5p, Hsa-miR-664a-3p, Hsa-miR-27a-3p, Hsa-miR-451a, and Hsa-miR-320a were related to AD and depression. Target prediction of above miRNAs showed that these miRNAs were involved in the generation and clearance of amyloid-beta (Aß), important molecules related to cognition, and disease-activated microglia response to AD. It is worth noting that Hsa-miR-185-5p was related to both education and depression, whose decreased expression pattern in AD patients was alleviated by education and enhanced by depression, and participates in Aß generation and accumulation. Our results indicated that certain education and depression factors can contribute to AD progression by modulating miRNA expression, implying that preventive interventions might alter AD progression in Chinese patients.

Inhibition of SIRT2 promotes APP acetylation and ameliorates cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Aging is a primary risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). SIRT2, an NAD+(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-dependent deacetylase, accumulates in the aging brain. Here, we report that, in the amyloid precursor protein (APP)/PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD, genetic deletion of SIRT2 or pharmacological inhibition of SIRT2 ameliorates cognitive impairment. We find that suppression of SIRT2 enhances acetylation of APP, which promotes non-amyloidogenic processing of APP at the cell surface, leading to increased soluble APP-α (sAPPα). We discover that lysines 132 and 134 of the major pathogenic protein ß-amyloid (Aß) precursor are acetylated and that these residues are deacetylated by SIRT2. Strikingly, exogenous expression of wild-type or an acetylation-mimic APP mutant protects cultured primary neurons from Aß42 challenge. Our study identifies SIRT2-mediated deacetylation of APP on K132 and K134 as a regulated post-translational modification (PTM) and suggests inhibition of SIRT2 as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.

[Comparative Study of PD-L1 Expression in Different Sites of 
Non-small Cell Lung Cancer].

BACKGROUND: The expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a biomarker for immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is routinely detected in clinical pathology department. However, the spatial heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression in intrapulmonary tumors and extrapulmonary metastases is still a challenge for the clinical testing. This study aims to explore the differences of PD-L1 expression in test samples obtaining from different sites of NSCLC. This study may contribute to the detection strategy of PD-L1 in patients with advanced lung cancer. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-one cases of consecutively detected PD-L1 (22c3 assay, Dako) staining in metastatic NSCLC and 972 cases of non-paired intrapulmonary NSCLC were collected. The discrepancies of tumor proportion score (TPS) of PD-L1 expression in intrapulmonary samples and extrapulmonary metastatic samples of different sites were compared. RESULTS: The positive expression rate of PD-L1 in extrapulmonary metastatic NSCLC (TPS ≥ 1%) was 61.83%, and the TPS was significantly higher than that in intrapulmonary tumors (P=0.03). The PD-L1 scores of the specimens obtained from different sites were significantly different (P=0.007). The positive rates of PD-L1 in liver and adrenal metastases were 85.71% and 77.78% respectively, and their TPS were significantly higher than that of the intrapulmonary samples (P<0.05). The positive rates of PD-L1 in lymph node, bone, brain, soft tissue, and pleural metastases was 40.00%-66.67%, with no significant differences compared to intrapulmonary tumors. The analysis of histological subtype and sample type showed that the PD-L1 score of extrapulmonary samples of adenocarcinoma subtype or surgical specimen was significantly higher than that of intrapulmonary tumors. The analysis of clinicopathological parameters showed that the PD-L1 positive expression or high expression were significantly correlated with male patients, smoking history, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild type. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of PD-L1 in metastatic NSCLC is generally higher than that in intrapulmonary tumor, and the positive rate of PD-L1 expression was discrepant in different sites of specimen. The differences of PD-L1 score between extrapulmonary metastatic samples and intrapulmonary samples may be associated with different metastatic sites, histological subtype, and specimen type.

Is Distant Extension Always Upset? Neural Evidence of Empathy and Brand Association Affect Distant Extension Evaluation.

Distant brand extension as an essential strategy of obtaining benefits was highly focused on the normal marketing practice and academic research. In the current study, we aim to recognize that how individuals with different levels of empathy respond to distant extensions under corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate competence (CC) associations to explore the corresponding neural mechanisms using event-related potentials (ERPs). We divided subjects into two groups involving a high empathy (HE) group and a low empathy (LE) group according to an empathy measure questionnaire. The subjects first faced a brand name following the CSR or CC association descriptions, and then, they were asked to evaluate the new product of brand by a five-point scale. Current results revealed that the participants of the HE group were more apt to accept the distant extension products than those of the LE group. Additionally, in the HE group, products from a brand with CSR associations were more acceptable than CC associations. Moreover, a larger N2 amplitude was elicited in the LE group than in the HE group. For the LE group, an augment N2 was found under CSR than CC associations, reflecting that LE consumers might perceive conflict when evaluating distant extensions and allocate more cognitive resources to deal with CSR information. At the later stage, the HE group showed a greater P3 than the LE group. For the HE group, an increased P3 was elicited under CSR than CC associations, suggesting that empathic individuals might show motivational salience and helping willingness toward distant extension products, especially under the CSR scenario. These results provide potential electrophysiological evidence for the positive impact of brand associations on the evaluation of distant brand extension in the case of subdividing different empathic individuals.

Percentage of Newly Proposed High-Grade Patterns Is Associated with Prognosis of Pathological T1-2N0M0 Lung Adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic value of the percentage of high-grade patterns (micropapillary, solid, and complex glands) in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS: A total of 1049 patients undergoing radical surgery with pathological T1-2N0M0 LUAD were screened retrospectively, and 191 patients were involved in the final analysis. Disease-free survival (DFS) was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis. The optimal cut-off value was determined using maximally selected rank statistics. RESULTS: The entire cohort was divided into quartile groups based on the percentage of high-grade patterns: Group 1 (≤ 30%), Group 2 (31-55%), Group 3 (56-85%), and Group 4 (≥ 86%). There were significant differences in smoking history (P = 0.041), EGFR mutations (P < 0.001), and ALK rearrangement (P = 0.010) between the four groups, but no significant differences in other clinicopathological features. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that a higher percentage of high-grade patterns predicted worse DFS (P = 0.001), and multivariate analysis indicated that the percentage of high-grade patterns was an independent predictor (Group 2 vs. Group 1, HR = 2.136, P = 0.228; Group 3 vs. Group 1, HR = 3.355, P = 0.035; Group 4 vs. Group 1, HR = 5.147, P = 0.003, respectively). A cut-off value of 20% (P = 0.048) and 50% (P <0.001) for high-grade patterns were tested, and both revealed a significant difference in distinguishing DFS between subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of high-grade patterns is associated with the prognosis of early-stage invasive LUAD. A higher percentage indicates a worse prognosis.

CircCUL2 suppresses retinoblastoma cells by regulating miR-214-5p/E2F2 Axis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of circCUL2 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of retinoblastoma cells by regulating the miR-214-5p/E2F2 axis. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect the expressions of circCUL2, miR-214-5p and E2F2 in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from retinoblastoma patients, and in normal human retinal epithelial cells ARPE-19 and human retinoblastoma cells Y79 and SO-Rb50. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed for the detection of RNA levels of circCUL2 and miR-214-5p and the mRNA and protein levels of E2F2, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay for cell proliferation ability, Transwell assay for cell invasion ability, and scratch assay for cell migration ability. Luciferase dual reporter assay was used to detect the targeting relationship between circCUL2 and miR-214-5p, and between miR-214-5p and E2F2. CircCUL2 and E2F2 were lowly expressed, while miR-214-5p was highly expressed in retinoblastoma tumor tissues and cells. Transfection with pcDNA3.1-CUL2 or miR-214-5p inhibitor inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of Y79 and SO-Rb50 cells compared with the negative control; while transfection with sh-CUL2 or miR-214-5p mimics promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of Y79 and SO-Rb50 cells. CircCUL2 negatively regulated miR-214-5p, while miR-214-5p negatively regulated E2F2. Overexpression of miR-214-5p or silencing of E2F2 in SO-Rb50 cells partially reversed the inhibitory effect of circCUL2 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of retinoblastoma cells. CircCUL2 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of retinoblastoma cells by regulating the miR-214-5p/E2F2 axis.

Neural Bases of Brand Reputation Effect on Extension Evaluation: An ERPs Study.

Brand extension, as a marketing strategy, is frequently utilized by enterprises to produce new products. There exist several critical factors determining its success, such as brand reputation and perceived fit. The present study adopts the event-related potentials (ERPs) method to explore the underlying neural mechanism of the joint influence of the two factors on consumers' evaluation of brand extension. Specifically, consumers were presented with a brand with corporate social responsibility (CSR) or corporate ability (CA) reputation, following attached to an extension product (high fit vs. low fit). And then, they were given a 5-point scale to report their acceptance intention (AI) toward the brand extension. Behavioral data showed a higher AI and a shorter reaction time for high fit in contrast to low fit conditions. For low fit conditions, consumers were more inclined to accept the extension product with a brand with CSR than CA reputation. Neurophysiologically, CSR reputation evoked a larger P2 amplitude and LPP amplitude than CA reputation. Moreover, the low fit conditions elicited a more positive LPP amplitude than the high fit conditions in the context of a brand with a CSR reputation. Yet, for a brand with a CA reputation, the effect of perceived fit was not found. These results may reflect early attention resources engagement and altruistic motivation at the late stage during brand extension evaluation. The findings provided neurological evidence for which of the two types of brand reputation (CSR vs. CA) have a more positive effect on brand extension.

Silent FOSL1 Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Glioma Stem Cells by Down-Regulating miR-27a-5p.

Since few reports have mentioned the role of FOSL1 in the radiotherapy sensitivity of glioma, this study would dig deep into this aspect. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) isolated by magnetic bead assay were identified by microscopy, qRT-PCR and western blot. The number of apoptotic cells was counted 72 h after X-ray irradiation to evaluate the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiotherapy. The effects of radiotherapy, FOSL1 and miR-27a-5p on basic cell functions were detected by functional experiments. The expressions of FOSL1, apoptosis-related genes and miR-27a-5p were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot as needed. The differential expression of FOSL1 and the effect of miR-27a-5p on survival rate were analyzed using GEPIA and UALCAN, respectively. FOSL1 was found highly expressed in glioma cells and patients. The appearance of spherical cells and high expressions of CSC-related markers indicated the successful isolation of CSC-like cells. The increment of X-ray dose enhanced the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiotherapy. Radiotherapy down-regulated cell viability and the expressions of FOSL1 and Bcl-2, but up-regulated cell apoptosis and the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, which could be partially reversed by overexpressed FOSL1 or further enhanced by shFOSL1. MiR-27a-5p was highly expressed in in patients with glioma, which was associated with poor prognosis, while shFOSL1-inhibited miR-27a-5p expression enhanced the sensitivity of glioma stem cells to radiotherapy. In vivo experiments further verified the results obtained from in vitro experiments. Silent FOSL1 strengthened the radiosensitivity of glioma by down-regulating miR-27a-5p.

An Investigation of a Frontal Negative Slow Wave in a Virtual Hedonic Purchase Task.

There is a connection between the frontal negative slow wave (FNSW) and the arousal inhibition in the hedonic purchase context. To calculate the FNSW (400-800 ms), event-related potentials (ERPs) method was applied to depict the neural substrates on prudent and impulsive consumers' behaviors within various states of promotion. Promotion types include the pure price promotion and the mixed promotion (a mixture of a charitable donation and a discount). Behaviorally, consumers response more quickly in the pure price promotion condition and they express a preference for the mixed promotion. More importantly, a larger FNSW emerged in the impulsive consumers than the prudent, suggesting that the former might tend to control their eagerness to consume hedonic items. Compared with the price promotion as the worse option, the mixed promotion as the better option caused more perceptual conflict, leading to an increase in N2 amplitude. It suggests that consumers incline to reject the worse offers. These results also reveal that people primarily have to search negative promotion information by their insight and subsequently impulsive consumers inhibit the responses to the promotion information. The method of ERPs and FNSW should be helpful for marketing researchers and professionals on hedonic consumption and sales promotion.

The Effect of Reviewer Profile Photo on Purchase Decision: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials.

Although the number of studies on online reviews is growing, the impact of reviewer photo on consumer purchase decision-making has not yet been examined systematically. In particular, the underlying neural mechanisms have remained underexplored. Thus, the present study investigated whether and how reviewer photos affects consumers to make a purchase decision by using eventrelated potentials (ERPs). At the behavioral level, participants demonstrated a higher purchase rate with a shorter RT in situations with reviewer photos compared to situations without reviewer photos. Meanwhile, at the neural level, compared with situations without reviewer photos, situations with reviewer photos attracted more rapid attention resources at the early automatic processing phase, which induced a greater P2 amplitude, then mobilized more sustained attention allocation at the cognitive monitoring phase due to its evolutionary significance which elicited a more negative N2 amplitude, and finally resulted in a better evaluative categorization with higher motivational and emotional arousal due to its social presence which evoked a larger late positive potential (LPP) amplitude at the late elaborate cognitive processing phase. Those results illuminated the neural pathway of purchase decision-making when consumers were exposed in different conditions of reviewer photo. Moreover, the current study provided evidence for the underlying influence of reviewer photo on purchase decision-making in online shopping.

How Do Price and Quantity Promotions Affect Hedonic Purchases? An ERPs Study.

Due to consuming hedonic products unnecessary to basic well-being, consumers need justifications for pleasure. However, different justifications have differential influences in promoting hedonic purchases, such as price and quantity promotions (PP and QP), the difference being that the latter requires purchasing additional units to get the same discount as the former. In the present study, even-related potentials (ERPs) was applied to reveal the timing of brain activities to further understand how promotion information consisting of promotion type (PP and QP) and discount depth, deep and shallow discounts (DD and SD) on hedonic products was processed. Behaviorally, consumers were more willing to purchase items in PP and DD conditions than QP and SD conditions, respectively, and spent more time making final purchase decisions in QP and DD condition or PP and SD condition compared to PP and DD condition. Neurophysiologically, DD automatically recruited more attentional resources than SD and led to a higher P2 amplitude. QP and DD condition or PP and SD condition evoked a larger N2 amplitude and enhanced perceptual conflict compared to PP and DD condition. During late stage, PP and DD elicited a more positive LPP amplitude in contrast to QP and SD, respectively, indicating that people have stronger purchase intention and positive affect in PP and DD contexts. These findings provided evidence for the differential influences between PP and QP and what ultimately made consumers buy hedonic products or not.

Neurological effects of product price and evaluation on online purchases based on event-related potentials.

In order to better understand how price and evaluation impact consumers' decision making, this research examined the neural bases underlying consumers' cognition of the two important clues when shopping online. An ERP experiment was conducted involving 19 Chinese students and the behavior data revealed that product price and evaluation significantly influenced their willingness to purchase mobile phones online, and the speed with which they made purchase decisions supported cue-diagnosis theory. Further, ERP results indicated three neural stages of decision-making: early automatic cognition with emotional valence and negativity bias effects elicited by product evaluation ratings, an evaluation stage exhibiting an attention, and a final stage featuring an evaluation-categorization pattern associated with pleasurable sensations. Specifically, those three neural stages of online decision-making were coded with corresponding event-related potentials in brain, that is, N1 and P2 in automatic cognition stage, P300 in evaluation phase, LPP in concluding phase. Hence, the research results reveal neurological effects of product price and evaluation on online purchases and deepen our comprehension of consumers' cognitive process.

Effect of innovation capacity, production capacity and vertical specialization on innovation performance in China's electronic manufacturing: Analysis from the supply and demand sides.

Manufacturing in China has developed rapidly with the widening and deepening of globalization, but only innovation can industry keep upgrading and enhancing its international competitiveness. This paper combines Global Value Chains (GVCs) and National Value Chains (NVCs) in a unified theory framework, uses Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA) to explore how innovation capacity, production capacity, and vertical specialization affect innovation performance from the supply and demand sides by examining the case of Electronic Manufacturing of China. We observe that innovation inputs and outputs present strong regional heterogeneity between coastal and inland regions. Although most regions continue to engage in processing trade or assembly manufacturing in GVCs, NVCs are gradually established and led by coastal regions. The results indicate a good chance for cultivating innovation capacity in coastal regions. After assessing the influence of determinants on innovation performance, we observe that from supply-side, innovation capacity has a positive effect on innovation performance, production capacity in coastal regions is improving, and domestic demand for domestic products is increasingly important. From the demand side, innovation capacity continues to have a positive effect on innovation performance, production capacity improves rapidly, and imported intermediate inputs enhance innovation performance more effectively than domestic intermediate inputs.

Preliminary study of personality traits in Chinese lung cancer patients: Modification by neurotensin receptor 1 polymorphisms.

This study recruited 148 lung cancer patients and 157 healthy Chinese individuals to evaluate the personality traits of Chinese lung cancer patients using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and to investigate the associations between these traits and the rs6090453C/G and rs6011914C/G polymorphisms of the neurotensin receptor 1 gene. The results demonstrated significant differences in the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire total and subscale scores between the 2 groups. Significant differences were found in the reward dependence 2 (RD2) score between the rs6090453C/G genotypes and in the total harm avoidance (HA), HA1, HA2, HA4, and RD2 scores between the rs6011914C/G genotypes. Thus, patients with lung cancer have specific personality traits, and variations in the neurotensin receptor 1 gene may be involved in the biological mechanisms of the HA and RD personality traits.