[Adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviours in patients with type 2 diabetes in Spain]. / Adherencia a un estilo de vida saludable en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en España.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to report on the main lifestyle components and related factors in adults with diabetes type 2 treated in Primary Care clinics in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional and multicentre study was performed on a consecutive sample of patients with type 2 diabetes attending 25 Primary Care clinics between April 2018 and April 2019. Data were collected by auditing the computerised medical records, and an interview. An analysis was carried out on adherence to 4 healthy lifestyle trends (Mediterranean diet, regular exercise, not smoking, and emotional well-being). RESULTS: A total of 412 patients were included in the analysis (mean age 69 (SD 8.65) years; 50.2% men). Only a minority was highly adherent to the Mediterranean diet, 92 (22.3%). Regular physical activity was carried out by 189 (45.8%). A total of 361 (87.6%) were non-smoking, and 259 (62.8%) felt emotional well-being. A small number (9, 2.1%) of patients had not followed any of the healthy lifestyle recommendations, with 87 (21.1%) following one, 145 (35.1%) two, 128 (31%) three, and 43 (10.4%) all 4 healthy habits: diet, exercise, not smoking, and emotional well-being. Healthy lifestyle adherence was related to gender. Obesity is poorly associated with adherence to diet and physical activity. The results for age, time with the disease, socioeconomic status, and treatment regimen were not consistent. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggest that adherence to a healthy lifestyle pattern in DM2 is low. Less than a quarter follow a healthy diet, and less than a half practice regular exercise. Gender is the variable that most influences a healthy lifestyle in DM2, but not age, time with the disease, or treatment regimen.

[Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in diabetic patients]. / Prevención y tratamiento de la enfermedad infecciosa en personas con diabetes.

The bidirectional relationship between infectious diseases and diabetes is well-known. On the one hand, diabetes patients are at a higher risk of presenting with infectious diseases, possibly with more severity, and on the other hand, infectious diseases impair metabolic control in patients with diabetes. Population ageing arises partly due to an increased survival rate in chronic diseases, of which diabetes is amongst them. Improving infectious disease prevention could reduce complications arising from the former diseases, consequences of decompensated diabetes condition (morbidity, incapacity, hospital admissions, healthcare costs, and mortality rates) and result in improved quality of life in patients with diabetes. The current review presents the treatment of infectious diseases in patients with diabetes and the dealing with immuno-preventable diseases with the currently advised vaccinations.

[Influence of the diet on the development of colorectal cancer in a population of Madrid]. / Influencia de la dieta en la aparición del cáncer colorrectal en una población de Madrid.

OBJECTIVE: Although the genetic component in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is well established, some environmental factors, mainly dietary, can favor its development. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between daily consumption of specific food groups and development of CRC. METHODS: We carried out a case-control study in an area of Madrid; 196 patients with diagnosis of CRC with confirmed histology and registered to May 1998 in the Community of Madrid tumor register were included, and they were compared with 196 controls matched by age, sex, and geographical area. All of them filled out a questionnaire with information on diet, substance abuse, physical activity, drugs, and family history of CRC. RESULTS: The logistic regression analysis showed a weakly positive association with meat (OR: 1.02; CI: 1.01-1.04), viscera (OR: 1.12; CI: 1.02-1.23), and sausage (OR: 1.07; CI: 1.03-1.1) consumption, and a modest inverse association with consumption of yogurt (OR: 0.97; CI: 0.95-0.98), tomato (OR: 0.99; CI: 0.98-0.99), strawberries and cherries (OR: 0.97; CI: 0.95-0.99), oranges, grapefruits, and natural fruit juices (OR: 0.99; CI: 0.98-1). CONCLUSIONS: These results are an additional empirical evidence that must be confirmed through prospective studies.