Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in medical students.

OBJECTIVE: The protective effect of the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) is undisputed. However, adherence to MeDi has decreased in recent years, particularly in young people. The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to MeDi in medical students and to assess the influence of knowledge acquisition as well as other factors on dietary compliance. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students. The data were obtained through anonymous surveys that collected demographic characteristics, medical history, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity and adherence to MeDi ­ using 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (MEDAS) ­. Adherence to MeDi and related factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariable analysis. PARTICIPANTS: Medical students from the first to the sixth year of the 2018­2019 academic year. SETTING: The study was conducted at the university of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. RESULTS: Of 589 respondents (73 % women) mean aged 22 years (range 18­39), 58·9 % showed good adherence to MeDi. Adherence was significantly associated with age (P = 0·017) but not with sex or the presence of comorbidities. Independently, adherence to MeDi was higher in last academic courses (OR = 2·1; 95 % CI = 1·3, 3·2; P = 0·001), in those who consumed alcohol more frequently (OR = 1·5; 95 % CI = 1·0, 2·1; P = 0·039) and in those who practiced more exercise (OR = 1·5; 95 % CI = 1·2, 1·9; P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS: Half of all medical students did not have a good adherence to MeDi. Adherence was higher at older age in higher academic years and related to greater physical activity. It would be convenient to quantify dietary knowledge as well as implement nutritional educational programmes, favouring a healthy lifestyle.

Humoral immune response of pigs infected with Toxocara cati.

Toxocara cati is one of the causative agents of human toxocariasis. Serological methods are used for diagnosis in paratenic hosts like humans but the humoral immune response triggered by this parasite is unknown. We characterized the humoral immune response to T. cati excretory-secretory antigens (TES) in pigs as animal model during the acute and chronic stages of infection. ELISA and Western Blot techniques were used to determine antibody response. Pigs were experimentally inoculated with 100,000 infective Toxocara cati eggs. Blood was collected at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-inoculation (d.p.i.) to assess the acute stage of infection and 90, 120 and 180 d. p.i. for chronic stage analysis. ELISA showed values higher than the cut-off of specific IgM and IgG at 7 d. p.i. with significant differences at 0 and 7 d. p.i. for IgM and at 14, 21 and 28 d. p.i. for IgG in the acute stage. Higher and stable levels were detected in the chronic stage. Western Blot showed bands from 102 to 38 kDa detected by specific IgM and IgG. More immunogenic bands were identified by specific IgG. In the chronic stage of infection a band near 31 kDa was the only band detected by IgM until 150 d. p.i. Specific IgG recognized bands between 102 and 31 kDa. This study demonstrates how the humoral immune response evolves in the acute and chronic stages of infection and provides evidence on the role of the pig as a paratenic host of T. cati.

Using Electronic Health Record Data to Study Latino Immigrant Populations in Health Services Research.

The study of healthcare disparities in Latino immigrants is underdeveloped and limited by risk to participants. To validate an electronic health record (EHR)-based algorithm that could serve as a safe proxy for self-reported immigration status for health services researchers. Primary collection/analysis of interview data and secondary analysis of electronic health record data. We developed an EHR algorithm to classify a population of patients as likely undocumented or recent Latino immigrants and validated this algorithm by conducting semi-structured interviews of staff whose main role entails asking about immigration status. We presented them with a list of patients (masked to the interviewer) with whom they had worked, and asked them to indicate patient's immigration status, if they recalled it. We analyzed the correspondence between staff knowledge and our EHR algorithm. Staff described routine conversations with patients about immigration status. The EHR algorithm had fair agreement (66.2%, 95% CI 57.3-74.2) with staff knowledge. When the staff were more confident of their assessment, agreement increased (77.6%, 95% CI 63.4-88.2). The EHR has potential for studying immigration status in health services research, although more study is needed to determine the accuracy and utility of EHRs for this purpose.

[Diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in faeces scattered in areas of Puna and Quebrada. Province of Jujuy, Argentina]. / Diagnóstico de situación de la equinococosis quística en heces dispersas en las zonas de Quebrada y Puna, provincia de Jujuy, Argentina.

Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease common in livestock, caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, the dog being the principal definitive host. The province of Jujuy is an endemic area located in the Northwest of Argentina. Due to the restricted ecological conditions of Quebrada and Puna, the most important activity of the population is formal cattle pastoralism and transhumance, especially of sheep and camelids. The dog acquires the double function of company and shepherd in these communities. The objective of the present study was to conduct a diagnosis of the situation in areas of La Quebrada and Puna where the circulation of E. granulosus is suspected. Five hundred and twenty three (523) samples of canine fecal material scattered in the environment were collected from 2002 to 2012. Prevalence varied from 2% in Susques to 27.7% in Humahuaca, the largest in the province. In Tumbaya, prevalence was 21% in the year 2007, reaching 0% in the year 2010 but increasing again to 10.5% in the year 2011. These results may be related to health education on preventive measures and mass deworming held prior to sample taking in the year 2010. A prevalence between 19.4% and 2% was observed in the rest of the regions studied, suggesting that a lack of strategies for echinococcosis control has allowed the spread of the disease.

Diagnóstico de situación de la equinococosis quística en heces dispersas en las zonas de Quebrada y Puna, provincia de Jujuy, Argentina / Diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in faeces scattered in areas of Puna and Quebrada. Province of Jujuy, Argentina

La equinococosis es una enfermedad parasitaria común en el ganado, causada por el cestode Echinococcus granulosus; el perro es su principal hospedador definitivo. La provincia de Jujuy es un área endémica, situada en el ángulo noroeste de la República Argentina. Las condiciones ecológicas restringidas de Quebrada y Puna hacen que la actividad más importante de la población sea la pecuaria formal pastoril y trashumante, especialmente dedicada a ovinos y camélidos. El perro adquiere en estas comunidades una doble función de compañía y como pastor. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un diagnóstico de situación en las áreas de Quebrada y Puna, donde se sospecha que hay circulación de E. granulosus. Desde 2002 hasta 2012 se recolectaron 523 muestras de materia fecal de canino dispersas en el ambiente. Las prevalencias variaron desde un 2 % en Susques hasta un 27,7 % (la mayor de la provincia) en Humahuaca. Tumbaya presentó una prevalencia del 21 % en 2007, llegó a 0 % en 2010, pero volvió a aumentar al 10,5 % en 2011. La disminución observada durante 2010 puede explicarse en el hecho de que las muestras se tomaron en localidades donde se había realizado educación sanitaria previamente. En el resto de las regiones estudiadas se observaron prevalencias entre 2 % y 19,4 %. Estos resultados sugieren que la falta de estrategias para el control de la equinococosis ha permitido la dispersión de la enfermedad.

Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease common in livestock, caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, the dog being the principal definitive host. The province of Jujuy is an endemic area located in the Northwest of Argentina. Due to the restricted ecological conditions of Quebrada and Puna, the most important activity of the population is formal cattle pastoralism and transhumance, especially of sheep and camelids. The dog acquires the double function of company and shepherd in these communities. The objective of the present study was to conduct a diagnosis of the situation in areas of La Quebrada and Puna where the circulation of E. granulosus is suspected. Five hundred and twenty three (523) samples of canine fecal material scattered in the environment were collected from 2002 to 2012. Prevalence varied from 2% in Susques to 27.7% in Humahuaca, the largest in the province. In Tumbaya, prevalence was 21% in the year 2007, reaching 0% in the year 2010 but increasing again to 10.5% in the year 2011. These results may be related to health education on preventive measures and mass deworming held prior to sample taking in the year 2010. A prevalence between 19.4% and 2% was observed in the rest of the regions studied, suggesting that a lack of strategies for echinococcosis control has allowed the spread of the disease.

[Coproantigens detection for the diagnosis of canine Echinococcosis in the border area of La Quiaca-Villazón]. / Detección de coproantígenos para el diagnóstico de echinococosis canina en la zona fronteriza de La Quiaca-Villazón.

Cystic Echinococcosis is a major public health issue. Immunodiagnostic techniques based on the identification of parasite antigens in dog dry faeces have been developed as alternatives for the surveillance of canine Echinococcosis. The environmental conditions favouring the parasite cycle were met in the border of La Quiaca-Villazón, given the presence of definitive (dog) and intermediate hosts (sheep and goats). The most important activity in La Puna is sheep and goat rearing; slaughtering is carried out almost exclusively in the field by sheep's owners, and preventive health measures do not apply. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of dogs parasitized by Echinococcus granulosus in this border region. A hundred and sixty eight (168) stool specimens were collected during 2006. La Quiaca samples were taken from the following selected areas: the semi-rural area of Barrios, the rural areas of Santa Catalina, Yavi Chico, El Portillo, Pumahuasi and Cara Cara and the urban area of La Quiaca; selected urban areas in Villazón and the semi-rural area of Ojo de Agua, Lampaya and Matancillas. The samples were analyzed by copro-ELISA -Western blot test. The cities of San Francisco and Barrios had a prevalence of 14.3% and 6.7%, respectively. A prevalence of 3.4% was observed in the urban area of Villazón, which indicates that dogs become infected in the rural areas and bring the risk into the city. Lampaya showed a prevalence of 30%. These findings suggest the need to implement strategies for the control of hydatidosis, both in urban and rural areas to avoid the increase and spread of Echinococcosis in the region.

Detección de coproantígenos para el diagnóstico de echinococosis canina en la zona fronteriza de La Quiaca-Villazón / Coproantigens detection for the diagnosis of canine Echinococcosis in the border area of La Quiaca-Villazón

Las técnicas de inmunodiagnóstico basadas en la identificación de antígenos parasitarios en las heces secas de los perros han sido desarrolladas para la vigilancia de la echinococosis canina. En la región fronteriza de La Quiaca-Villazón, se encontraron las condiciones ambientales que favorecerían el ciclo del parásito, dada la presencia del hospedador definitivo (perro) y de hospedadores intermediarios (ovejas y cabras). La actividad más importante de la Puna es la cría de ovinos y camélidos; la faena se realiza en el campo y a manos del dueño de los ovinos, y no se aplican medidas preventivas de sanidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la presencia de caninos parasitados por Echinococcus granulosus en esta región. Durante el año 2006 se recolectaron 168 muestras de materia fecal. En La Quiaca se tomaron muestras de las siguientes localidades: Barrios (área semirrural), Santa Catalina, Yavi Chico, El Portillo, Pumahuasi y Cara Cara (zonas rurales) y La Quiaca (área urbana). En Villazón se seleccionó el área urbana y el área semirrural de Ojo de Agua, Lampaya y Matancillas. Las muestras se analizaron por la prueba de copro-ELISA y copro-Western blot. Las localidades de San Francisco y Barrios tuvieron una prevalencia de 14,3 % y 6,7 %, respectivamente. En Villazón se encontró un 3,4 % de prevalencia en el área urbana. En Lampaya se encontró un 30 % de prevalencia. Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de implementar estrategias para el control de la hidatidosis, tanto a nivel urbano como rural, para evitar el aumento y la dispersión de la echinococosis en la región.

Cystic Echinococcosis is a major public health issue. Immunodiagnostic techniques based on the identification of parasite antigens in dog dry faeces have been developed as alternatives for the surveillance of canine Echinococcosis. The environmental conditions favouring the parasite cycle were met in the border of La Quiaca-Villazón, given the presence of definitive (dog) and intermediate hosts (sheep and goats). The most important activity in La Puna is sheep and goat rearing; slaughtering is carried out almost exclusively in the field by sheep's owners, and preventive health measures do not apply. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of dogs parasitized by Echinococcus granulosus in this border region. A hundred and sixty eight (168) stool specimens were collected during 2006. La Quiaca samples were taken from the following selected areas: the semi-rural area of Barrios, the rural areas of Santa Catalina, Yavi Chico, El Portillo, Pumahuasi and Cara Cara and the urban area of La Quiaca; selected urban areas in Villazón and the semi-rural area of Ojo de Agua, Lampaya and Matancillas. The samples were analyzed by copro-ELISA -Western blot test. The cities of San Francisco and Barrios had a prevalence of 14.3% and 6.7%, respectively. A prevalence of 3.4% was observed in the urban area of Villazón, which indicates that dogs become infected in the rural areas and bring the risk into the city. Lampaya showed a prevalence of 30%. These findings suggest the need to implement strategies for the control of hydatidosis, both in urban and rural areas to avoid the increase and spread of Echinococcosis in the region.

[Retroperitoneal hydatidosis secondary to hepatic hydatid cyst]. / Hidatidosis retroperitoneal secundaria a quiste hidatídico de localización hepática.

Hydatid disease is a worldwide zoonosis. It is caused by a parasitic platyhelminth of the genus Echinococcus. We present a patient with a fluctuating lumbar tumor in the retroperitoneal space, secondary to a hepatic cyst. the initial diagnosis was made by identification of rostellar hooks from protoscoleces in the fluid aspirated from the abscess. We herein describe the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and medical and surgical treatment of this unusual case and conclude that the development of an accurate diagnosis requires a proper analysis of the patient's epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, imaging studies and laboratory tests. a multidisciplinary approach and differential diagnosis is paramount to be able to establish a cause of the disease to deliver appropriate treatment.

Uso de la clorhexidina en endodoncia: revisión de la literatura / Use of chlorhexidine in endodontics: a review of the literature

La clorhexidina, reconocido agente antimicrobiano bucal, ha sido recomendada como solución irrigadora de los conductos radiculares en la terapia endodóntica. Bactericida de amplio espectro, de efecto prolongado y toxicidad reducida, la clorhexidina se presenta como un potente agente antibacteriano efectivo sobre microorganismos asociados a infecciones endodónticas persistentes o resistentes al tratamiento endodóntico de rutina. En adición a respaldar su uso corriente, se sugiere utilizarla como medicación entre sesiones

Efecto antimicrobiano de soluciones irrigadoras utilizadas en endodoncia / In vitro antimicrobial effect of irrigating solution used in endodontics

En el presente estudio fue evaluado in vitro el efecto antimicrobiano del hipoclorito de sodio al 1% y del gluconato de clorhexidina al 0.2% como soluciones irrigadoras utilizadas durante la terapia endodóntica. El análisis microbiológico fue realizado utilizando conos de papel obsorbente esterilizados, los cuales fueron introducidos en los conductos, transferidos para caldo BHI y analizados macroscópicamente con relación al crecimiento bacteriano. Los resultados mostraron que ambas soluciones impidieron el crecimiento bacteriano. Se concluye que las soluciones de hipoclorito de sodio al 1% y de clorhexidina al 0.2% poseen acción antimicrobiana satisfactoria durante la preparación in vitro del sistema de conductos radiculares infectados con las cepas estudiadas.

Láser en odontología. Efecto térmico del láser de CO2 / Lasers in dentistry. Thermal effects of CO2 laser

Los sistemas láseres han sido utilizados en el campo de la cirugía maxilo-facial con muchas ventajas, especialmente por el efecto coagulador anti-hemorrágico, que facilita el trabajo del cirujano y los beneficios post-quirúrgico para el paciente. En la actualidad, los láseres han revolucionada las terapias de tratamiento.

Lipoma de lengua / Lipoma of tongue

Se trata de una mujer de 58 años de edad, con una neoformación localizada en el borde lateral derecho de la lengua en su porción anterior, de consistencia firme, de 3.4 cm de diámetro, de un año de evolución, el diagnóstico histopatológico fue lipoma