[Between Huxley and Orwell: Big Data and Health]. / Entre Huxley y Orwell: Big Data y salud.

When in 1966 the United Nations stated in its International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the ideal of a free human being with respect to his privacy through the prohibition of arbitrary interference in his private life, it was not possible to imagine the impact of global unlimited connectivity, autonomy of new information technologies, the development of huge interconnected databases, the independent and unrestricted circulation of data, which have led to ethical and legal questions arising from this to treat personal and health data.

[Humanization: A Conceptual and Attitudinal Problem]. / Humanizar la medicina: un desafío conceptual y actitudinal.

The exercise of medicine has changed since its beginnings up to the present day. Technological advances and changes in the management of the health service caused a distance between the patient and the doctor. On the other hand, professionals prefer to not have their own patients, but rather to strictly adhere to the diagnosis or treatment (specialists) without involving or committing themselves. A fragmentation of the attention that does not benefit the patient can thus be observed. The humanization in medical attention is characterized by a group of practices that are orientated at achieving better attention and greater care. The humanization process of the endeavor contributes so that this is welcomed by the other party, to improve the relationship, the patients safety and to prevent medical errors.

Bioética y derecho a decidir sobreel propio cuerpo, sus extensiones, productos y derivados: el discutible caso de las células HeLa / Bioethics and the right to decide over your own body, their extensions, products and derivatives: the controversial HeLa cells case

Resumen: la investigación con células de origen humano y animal fue incorporada en la ciencia hace más de un siglo y su uso, tan cotidiano, no había merecido cuestionamiento alguno acerca de sus implicaciones éticas, legales y sociales por parte de la comunidad científica pues se asumía que era inocuo e impersonal. La información genética evidencia comportamientos biológicos individuales o colectivos de sus grupos familiares o generaciones, situación que puede transgredir la confidencialidady el derecho a la privacidad de las personas y sus familias. El caso de la investigación con células HeLa constituye un modelo de interpretación del ethos científico que requiere ser abordado desde un enfoque interdisciplinario, con una perspectiva de derechos humanos y bajo una redefinición de los conceptos legales, sociales y éticos del cuerpo humano, la salud, la enfermedad y la vida, a fin de garantizar la efectiva protección de los derechos personales fundamentales.

Abstract: the use of human and animal cells in research was incorporated into scientific processes more than one century ago, and due its daily use it had not aroused any questioning about their ethical, legal, and social implications by the same researchers because its use was considered as innocuous and impersonal. The genetic information realizes the biological behavior of people individuallyand collective of their familiar groups and generations, situation that can transgress the confidentiality, privacy, and the right to privacy of individuals and their families. HeLa cell research constitutes a model of interpretation of the scientific community against the personal and familiar rights that must be studied from an interdisciplinary approach, from an human rights perspective and with a redefinition of legal, social and ethical concepts of human body, health, disease and life, to ensure the effective protection of fundamental personal rights.

[Plagiarism. Document from the Ethics Commission of the Medical School, University of Chile]. / En referencia al plagio intelectual. Documento de la Comisión de Etica de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile.

Plagiarism is defined as the intellectual fraud in which an individual attempts to unduly appropriate, for his/her own benefit, the knowledge, ideas or discoveries of someone else. It is not uncommon in academic settings where research is conducted and a creative work is carried out. Due to the dismal consequences of plagiarism, cautionary measures and sanctions are required to avoid it. This paper is intended to warn and promote a discussion about plagiarism. The Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile and its ethics committee believe that a fight against these type of actions will contribute to prevent their detrimental effects on the moral and intellectual patrimony of our society.

En referencia al plagio intelectual. Documento de la Comisión de Ética de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile / Plagiarism

Plagiarism is defined as the intellectual fraud in which an individual attempts to unduly appropriate, for his/her own benefit, the knowledge, ideas or discoveries of someone else. It is not uncommon in academic settings where research is conducted and a creative work is carried out. Due to the dismal consequences of plagiarism, cautionary measures and sanctions are required to avoid it. This paper is intended to warn and promote a discussion about plagiarism. The Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile and its ethics committee believe that a fight against these type of actions will contribute to prevent their detrimental effects on the moral and intellectual patrimony of our society.

Derecho a la salud: ¿aspiración o derecho efectivo? / Health rights: ¿aspiration or effective rights?

Se analiza desde una perspectiva ético jurídica el derecho a la salud como derecho fundamental, y la diversa modalidad que asumen algunos Estados al establecer normas programáticas y la dificultad de establecer normas vinculantes sobre un derecho cuyo contenido principal es difícil de conceptualizar. La oposición salud-enfermedad plantea una visión dinámica de la primera. La salud como derecho humano es derecho positivo que requiere acción del Estado para garantizarlo. La consagración de este derecho en declaraciones internacionales es demostración del desarrollo moral de la humanidad, pero no es vinculante para los Estados. Los pactos Internacionales de Derechos Civiles y Políticos y Derechos Económicos Sociales y Culturales consideran normas relacionadas con este derecho, pero se advierte en el último un compromiso débil, existiendo también dificultades para verificar el cumplimiento de los compromisos del Estado a tal respecto. Ambos pactos y las Declaraciones sobre Derechos Humanos, son una fuente importante del Derecho Internacional. El estado actual de desarrollo moral, cultural y económico de la humanidad hace exigible el reconocimiento efectivo de un derecho a la salud