Layer-by-layer assembly of PDDA/MWCNTs thin films as an efficient strategy for extraction of organic compounds from complex samples.

This article presents the assembly and characterization of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PDDA/MWCNTs) thin films on borosilicate bottles using a layer-by-layer (LBL) approach. The thin films, consisting of 10 bilayers of coating materials, were thoroughly characterized using UV-VIS spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and zeta potential measurements. The modified bottles were then utilized for the extraction of analytes with diverse acid-base characteristics, including drugs, illicit drugs, and pesticides, from saliva, urine, and surface water samples. The studied analytes can be adsorbed on the surface of the LBL film mainly through hydrogen bonding and/or hydrophobic interactions. Remarkably high extraction percentages of up to 92 % were achieved, accompanied by an impressive enhancement in the analytical signal of up to 12 times when the sample volume was increased from 0.7 to 10 mL. These results highlight the outstanding extraction and sorption capabilities of the developed material. Additionally, the (PDDA/MWCNTs)10 films exhibited notable resistance to extraction and desorption processes, enabling their reuse for at least 5 cycles. The straightforward and cost-effective fabrication of these sorbent materials using the LBL technique, combined with the ability to extract target compounds during sample transportation and/or storage, renders this sample preparation method a promising alternative.

Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Histological Effects in Neotropical Fish Prochilodus Lacustris (Pisces, Prochilodontidae) in Conservation Area of the Brazilian Northeast.

Human activities significantly impact the aquatic biota in lacustrine environments, leading to negative environmental consequences. Due to this, this study was carried out to evaluate the genotoxic and histological biomarkers in the gills and kidneys of Prochilodus lacustris. The collection of fish and water was conducted in three distinct stations (S1, S2, S3) in an international protected area in northeast Brazil. The histological alterations index was used to assess changes in the gills and kidneys at a histological level. In addition, micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities tests were employed to examine damage to the genetic material. According to the frequency of Micronucleus, nuclear injuries, and the histopathology of gills and kidneys, it can be inferred that station S1 had the highest impact on the fish, causing significant harm. Based on our findings, the organisms residing in Lake Açu are adversely affected by the poor environmental conditions. This raises doubts about the effectiveness of the Protection Area by Humid Zone of International Interest in Northeast Brazil.

Multiphase electroextraction as a simple and fast sample preparation alternative for the digital image determination of doxorubicin in saliva.

Monitoring chemotherapeutic drugs in biological fluids is, in many cases, extremely important for dose adjustment, the maintenance of therapies, and the control of side effects. In this work, a method for determining the doxorubicin in saliva by digital image analysis (DIA) was optimised and validated. Images from a paper point were obtained using a conventional and cheap flatbed scanner at a 600 ppp resolution. The RGB data channels were obtained from the images in a region of 15 × 15 pixels around the sorbent vertex. The paper point was used as sorbent material in sample preparation using a multiphase electroextraction system. Following optimisation using a Doehlert experimental design, the method was able to simultaneously extract 66 samples in 20 min. The high selectivity of the electric field associated with the sorption capacity of the cellulosic material allowed the chemotherapy drug to be pre-concentrated and quantified in a range between 50 and 500 µg L-1 (R2 > 0.98). The method also exhibited adequate parameters (limits of detection and quantification, recovery, and precision) indicating its potential application in the monitoring of doxorubicin and similar drugs in saliva.

Efficient and easily scaled-up biosorbent based on natural and chemically modified macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) to remove Al3+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ from surface water contaminated with iron mining tailings.

The ruptures of tailings mine dams in the cities of Mariana and Brumadinho contaminated local Brazilian Rivers with toxic metals. Herein, we describe a scaled-up biosorbent based on natural macauba endocarp (NTE) and macauba endocarp chemically treated (TE) to remove Al3+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ from aqueous solutions. For the TE material: the variation of pH and temperature of water did not cause significant sorption interferences; the kinetics studies suggest a pseudo-second-order model; the adsorption isotherms revealed that the Langmuir equation was the best fit for Al3+ and Mn2+, while the Freundlich equation best described the Fe3+; and the maximum adsorption capacities were between 0.268 mg g-1 and 1.379 mg g-1. A scaled-up was carried out using an adsorption column to remove the metals from Rio Paraopeba River water samples and the results showed that both NTE and TE are potentially low cost biosorbents for removing Al3+, Mn2+ and Fe3+.

Blockade of interleukin seventeen (IL-17A) with secukinumab in hospitalized COVID-19 patients - the BISHOP study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with severe COVID-19 seem to evolve with a compromised antiviral response and hyperinflammation. Neutrophils are critical players in COVID-19. IL-17A plays a major role in protection against extracellular pathogens and neutrophil attraction/activation. We hypothesized that secukinumab, an anti-IL17A monoclonal antibody, could prevent the deleterious hyperinflammation in COVID-19. METHODS: BISHOP was a randomized, open-label, single-centre, phase-II controlled trial. Fifty adult patients hospitalized with PCR-positive Covid-19, were randomized 1:1 to receive 300 mg of secukinumab subcutaneously at day-0 plus standard of care (group A) or standard of care alone (group B). A second dose of 300 mg of secukinumab could be administered on day-7, according to staff judgement. The primary endpoint was ventilator-free days at day-28 (VFD-28). Secondary efficacy and safety outcomes were also explored. RESULTS: An intention-to-treat analysis showed no difference in VFD-28: 23.7 (95%CI 19.6-27.8) in group A vs. 23.8 (19.9-27.6) in group B, p = .62; There was also no difference in hospitalization time, intensive care unit demand and the incidence of circulatory shock, acute kidney injury, fungal or bacterial co-infections. There was no difference in the incidence of severe adverse events. Pulmonary thromboembolism occurred only in males and was less frequent in secukinumab-treated patients (4.2% vs. 26.2% p = .04). There was one death in each group. Upper airway viral clearance was also similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of secukinumab in the treatment of Covid19 was not demonstrated. Secukinumab decreased pulmonary embolism in male patients. There was no difference between groups in adverse events and no unexpected events were observed.

Avaliação ultrassonográfica dos tendões flexores dos membros anteriores em equinos de vaquejada na microrregião do Alto Médio Gurgueia, Sul do Piauí, Brasil / Ultrasound evaluation of the flexor tendons of the forelimbs in horses in vaquejada horses in theAlto Médio Gurgueia, South of Piauí, Brazil

Objetivou-se com este estudo demonstrar a influência do tipo de treinamento sobre as medidas dos tendões flexores palmares em equinos de vaquejada que correm à direita do boi na microrregião do Alto Médio Gurgueia, Sul do Piauí, Brasil. Foram utilizados oito animais, da raça quarto de milha e seus mestiços, de diferentes idades, peso e sexo, selecionados e questionados sobre o tempo que exerciam a atividade de vaquejada e o tipo de treinamento a qual eram submetidos, que refere-se a maneira como praticavam a prova correndo de que lado do boi, em uma prova de vaquejada no município de Cristino Castro, Sul do Piauí, Brasil, onde os participantes eram provenientes de diferentes haras da Microrregião do Alto Médio Gurgueia, Sul do Piauí, Brasil. Em cada animal foi realizada ultrassonografia das zonas IB, IIB e IIIB dos tendões flexores digital superficial (TFDS) e digital profundo (TFDP), obtendo-se as medidas dos diâmetros médio lateral (DML) e dorso palmar (DDP) através do plano transverso em cada uma das diferentes zonas. Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística (ANOVA), utilizando-se o teste t a nível de significância de (p<0,05), observando-se que não houve diferença significativa entre as medidas avaliadas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, cavalos atletas que correm a direita do boi não apresentam diferença significativa nos diâmetros médio lateral e dorso palmar dos tendões flexores entre os antímeros direito e esquerdo do membro torácico.

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the influence of the type of training on the measurements of the palmar flexor tendons in vaquejada horses that run to the right of the ox in the microregion of the Alto Médio Gurgueia, South of Piauí, Brazil. Eight animals of the quarter-mile breed and their crossbreed, of different ages, weight and sex, were selected and asked about the time they were engaged in the activity of the vaquejada and the type of training they were submitted to as they practiced running on which side of the ox, in a vaquejada test in the municipality of Cristino Castro, South of Piauí, Brazil, where the participants came from different farms of the microregion of the Alto Médio Gurgueia, South of Piauí, Brazil. The ultrasonography of the IB, IIB and IIIB zones of the superficial digital (TFDS) and deep digital flexor tendons (TFDP) were performed in each animal, obtaining the measurements of the lateral diameters (DML) and palmar dorsum (DDP) through the transverse plane in each of the different zones. Data were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA), using the t test at the significance level of (p <0.05), observing that there was no significant difference between the measures evaluated. According to the results, horses for vaquejada athletes do not present significant difference in the lateral diameters and palmar dorsum of the flexor tendons between the right and left thoracic limb antimeres.

Avaliação ultrassonográfica dos tendões flexores dos membros anteriores em equinos de vaquejada na microrregião do Alto Médio Gurgueia, Sul do Piauí, Brasil / Ultrasound evaluation of the flexor tendons of the forelimbs in horses in vaquejada horses in the Alto Médio Gurgueia, South of Piauí, Brazil

Objetivou-se com este estudo demonstrar a influência do tipo de treinamento sobre as medidas dos tendões flexores palmares em equinos de vaquejada que correm à direita do boi na microrregião do Alto Médio Gurgueia, Sul do Piauí, Brasil. Foram utilizados oito animais, da raça quarto de milha e seus mestiços, de diferentes idades, peso e sexo, selecionados e questionados sobre o tempo que exerciam a atividade de vaquejada e o tipo de treinamento a qual eram submetidos, que refere-se a maneira como praticavam a prova correndo de que lado do boi, em uma prova de vaquejada no município de Cristino Castro, Sul do Piauí, Brasil, onde os participantes eram provenientes de diferentes haras da Microrregião do Alto Médio Gurgueia, Sul do Piauí, Brasil. Em cada animal foi realizada ultrassonografia das zonas IB, IIB e IIIB dos tendões flexores digital superficial (TFDS) e digital profundo (TFDP), obtendo-se as medidas dos diâmetros médio lateral (DML) e dorso palmar (DDP) através do plano transverso em cada uma das diferentes zonas. Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística (ANOVA), utilizando-se o teste t a nível de significância de (p<0,05), observando-se que não houve diferença significativa entre as medidas avaliadas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, cavalos atletas que correm a direita do boi não apresentam diferença significativa nos diâmetros médio lateral e dorso palmar dos tendões flexores entre os antímeros direito e esquerdo do membro torácico.

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the influence of the type of training on the measurements of the palmar flexor tendons in vaquejada horses that run to the right of the ox in the microregion of the Alto Médio Gurgueia, South of Piauí, Brazil. Eight animals of the quarter-mile breed and their crossbreed, of different ages, weight and sex, were selected and asked about the time they were engaged in the activity of the vaquejada and the type of training they were submitted to as they practiced running on which side of the ox, in a vaquejada test in the municipality of Cristino Castro, South of Piauí, Brazil, where the participants came from different farms of the microregion of the Alto Médio Gurgueia, South of Piauí, Brazil. The ultrasonography of the IB, IIB and IIIB zones of the superficial digital (TFDS) and deep digital flexor tendons (TFDP) were performed in each animal, obtaining the measurements of the lateral diameters (DML) and palmar dorsum (DDP) through the transverse plane in each of the different zones. Data were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA), using the t test at the significance level of (p <0.05), observing that there was no significant difference between the measures evaluated. According to the results, horses for vaquejada athletes do not present significant difference in the lateral diameters and palmar dorsum of the flexor tendons between the right and left thoracic limb antimeres.

Determination of rare earth elements in Fe-minerals using external calibration by LA-ICP-MS and application on Cauê Iron Formation (Brazil).

The rare earth elements (REE) composition in Fe-mineral phases is an important tool in iron formation studies to obtain information about parent rocks and environmental and paragenetic processes. However, the determination of REE presents some difficulties, such as the low concentration of these elements, matrix complexity and lack of iron matrix certified reference materials. The aim of the present work is to propose an analytical method to determine the REE plus Y (REE + Y) contents at trace levels in Fe-(hydr)oxides by the laser ablation ICP-quadrupoleMS technique, using external calibration. The calibration curves were obtained from analyses of reference materials with different matrices, and the analytical conditions were checked on the NIST 614 glass. The linearity (R2 ≥ 0.98), limit of detection (0.002-0.044 µg g-1), limit of quantification (0.008-0.146 µg g-1), recovery (88.4-112.4%), and intraday (0.1-14.1%) and interday (1.6-17.8%) precision were systematically assessed. The results obtained showed that the method is fit for the purpose and showed evidence of a nonsignificant interference of the matrix. Thus, the developed procedure was applied in the analyses of magnetite, martite, hematite, and goethite grains from Cauê Iron Formation (Brazil). The REE + Y patterns of the minerals are consistent with the previous study of bulk analyses on whole rocks and highlight the postdepositional signature of these elements in banded iron formations.

BINÔMIO TEMPO E TEMPERATURA E QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA DE MACARRÃO ESPAGUETE PRODUZIDO E DISTRIBUÍDO POR UNIDADE DE ALIMENTAÇÃO E NUTRIÇÃO EM FORTALEZA-CE / TIME AND TEMPERATURE BINOMIAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SPAGHETTI PASTA PRODUCED AND DISTRIBUTED BY FOOD AND NUTRITION UNIT IN FORTALEZA-CE

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o binômio tempo x temperatura e a qualidade microbiológica de macarrão tipo espaguete refogado produzido e distribuído por uma empresa de alimentação e nutrição. Pesquisa transversal realizada no mês de março de 2019, em uma UAN de grande porte na cidade de Fortaleza, CE, nos dias em que o macarrão tipo espaguete refogado se fez presente no cardápio do jantar de uma universidade pública. Aferiu-se a temperatura do macarrão durante os processos de cocção, transporte, recebimento e em três momentos da durante a distribuição. Amostras do macarrão servido foram coletadas e encaminhadas para análise microbiológica. As temperaturas atingiram as médias de 94,2ºC na cocção, 40,7ºC no transporte, 39ºC no recebimento e 39ºC, 41,3ºC e 43,7ºC nos três momentos da distribuição. As análises microbiológicas das amostras evidenciaram que o macarrão estava dentro dos parâmetros considerados adequados de acordo com a RDC nº 12 e, posteriormente, à IN nº 60 da ANVISA, legislação vigente para os microrganismos avaliados. A dificuldade de manutenção do binômio tempo-temperatura dentro dos parâmetros considerados ideais não interferiu no resultado das análises microbiológicas, uma vez que são respeitadas as normas higiênico-sanitárias em todo o processo de produção. Pode-se concluir que o macarrão tipo espaguete refogado produzido e distribuído pela UAN avaliada encontra-se dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação vigente atestando sua qualidade microbiológica, estando adequado para o consumo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the time x temperature binomial and the microbiological quality of braised spaghetti noodles produced and distributed by a food and nutrition company. Cross-sectional study conducted in March in a large FNU in the city of Fortaleza, CE, in the days which the braised spaghetti pasta was present on the dinner menu of a public university. The spaghetti temperatures were measured during the cooking, transport, receivement and three times during distribution processes. Samples of the served pasta were collected and sent for microbiological analysis. Temperatures reached the averages of 94.2ºC in cooking, 40.7ºC in transportation, 39ºC in receivement and 39ºC, 41.3ºC and 43.7ºC in the three moments of distribution. The microbiological analyzes of the samples showed that the noodles were within the parameters considered adequate according to the RDC no 12 and, subsequently, to ANVISA IN no 60, current legislation for the evaluated microorganisms. The difficulty in maintaining the time-temperature binomial within the parameters considered ideal did not interfere with the results of microbiological analyzes, since hygienic-sanitary standards are respected throughout the production process. It can be concluded that the braised spaghetti noodles produced and distributed by the evaluated FNU are within the standards established by current legislation attesting its microbiological quality, being suitable for consumption

Binômio tempo e temperatura e qualidade microbiológica de macarrão espaguete produzido e distribuído por unidade de alimentação e nutrição em Fortaleza-CE / Time and temperature binomial and microbiological quality of spaghetti pasta produced and distributed by food and nutrition unit in Fortaleza-CE

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o binômio tempo x temperatura e a qualidade microbiológica de macarrão tipo espaguete refogado produzido e distribuído por uma empresa de alimentação e nutrição. Pesquisa transversal realizada no mês de março de 2019, em uma UAN de grande porte na cidade de Fortaleza, CE, nos dias em que o macarrão tipo espaguete refogado se fez presente no cardápio do jantar de uma universidade pública. Aferiu-se a temperatura do macarrão durante os processos de cocção, transporte, recebimento e em três momentos da durante a distribuição. Amostras do macarrão servido foram coletadas e encaminhadas para análise microbiológica. As temperaturas atingiram as médias de 94,2ºC na cocção, 40,7ºC no transporte, 39ºC no recebimento e 39ºC, 41,3ºC e 43,7ºC nos três momentos da distribuição. As análises microbiológicas das amostras evidenciaram que o macarrão estava dentro dos parâmetros considerados adequados de acordo com a RDC nº 12 e, posteriormente, à IN nº 60 da ANVISA, legislação vigente para os microrganismos avaliados...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the time x temperature binomial and the microbiological quality of braised spaghetti noodles produced and distributed by a food and nutrition company. Cross-sectional study conducted in March in a large FNU in the city of Fortaleza, CE, in the days which the braised spaghetti pasta was present on the dinner menu of a public university. The spaghetti temperatures were measured during the cooking, transport, receivement and three times during distribution processes. Samples of the served pasta were collected and sent for microbiological analysis. Temperatures reached the averages of 94.2ºC in cooking, 40.7ºC in transportation, 39ºC in receivement and 39ºC, 41.3ºC and 43.7ºC in the three moments of distribution. The microbiological analyzes of the samples showed that the noodles were within the parameters considered adequate according to the RDC no 12 and, subsequently, to ANVISA IN no 60, current legislation for the evaluated microorganisms

Cellulose cone tip as a sorbent material for multiphase electrical field-assisted extraction of cocaine from saliva and determination by LC-MS/MS.

A porous and hydrophilic sorbent material was used in an extraction system, assisted by electric fields, for the extraction of cocaine in saliva and subsequent determination by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography associated with sequential triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The cellulose-based material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The time and voltage variables applied in the extraction process were investigated through a Doehlert experimental design, and with the best conditions found (35min and 300 V) some validation parameters were evaluated. The established working range was 1-100 µg L-1 (R2 > 0.99), and the detection and quantification limits determined were 0.3 and 0.8 µg L-1, respectively. Recoveries from 80 to 115% and coefficient of variation ≤15 and 16% for intra-day and inter-day assays, respectively, were obtained for sample concentrations of LOQ, 5, 25, and 75 µg L-1, indicating satisfactory accuracy and precision for the proposed method. In addition, the method presented no matrix effect, and the extraction efficiency was between 56 and 70%. The results showed that the material used has adequate physicochemical characteristics and can be applied as a sorbent and electrolyte support in multiphase extractions using electric fields.

Evaluation of aquatic contamination in an urban lagoon environment in a coastal region in the north of Brazil / Avaliação da contaminação aquática em uma laguna costeira urbana no norte do Brasil

The quality of water is related to how it is used and how its physical, chemical and biological conditions are evaluated. The use of different evaluation tools can therefore provide accurate data about the environmental quality of aquatic ecosystems. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the aquatic contamination of the Laguna da Jansen Ecological Park in São Luís, in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, using different tools (physical variables, microbiological analysis and erythrocytic and gill alterations in Oreochromis niloticus). The microbiological analysis of the water was based on the identification of the most probable number (MPN) of total and thermotolerant coliforms using a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzymatic substrate test (MUG), while the physical-chemical parameters determined were temperature, pH, turbidity and dissolved oxygen. The fish were captured and then anaesthetized for the blood collect by gill puncture. Blood smear slides were prepared and stained with modified Rosenfeld staining for the evaluation of erythrocyte alterations. For histopathological analysis of the gills, the second left branchial arch was removed from each specimen and fixed in 10% formaldehyde for 24 hours. These were subsequently decalcified in 10% nitric acid and histological protocols in paraffin. Large numbers of erythrocyte alterations, notably micronuclei, were identified. Among the most common branchial alterations were lamellar epithelium lifting, blood capillary dilation, aneurysms, and total and partial lamella fusion. The result of the microbiological analysis of the water revealed a quantity of thermotolerant coliforms than is permitted under current legislation. These results indicate that the health of the animals has been damaged, pointing out the poor quality of the water in the Laguna da Jansen.

A qualidade da água está relacionada ao tipo de uso da água e à avaliação de suas condições físicas, químicas e biológicas. O uso de diferentes ferramentas pode, portanto, fornecer dados precisos sobre a qualidade ambiental dos ecossistemas aquáticos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a contaminação aquática do Parque Ecológico Laguna da Jansen, em São Luís, no estado do Maranhão, utilizando diferentes ferramentas (variáveis físicas, análises microbiológicas e alterações eritrocíticas e branquiais em Oreochromis niloticus). A análise microbiológica da água envolveu a identificação do número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes totais e termotolerantes utilizando um teste enzimático cromogênico e fluorogênico (MUG), enquanto a análise dos parâmetros físico-químicos determinou temperatura, pH, turbidez e oxigênio dissolvido. Os peixes foram capturados e em seguida anestesiados para coletada do sangue por punção branquial. As lâminas de esfregaço de sangue foram preparadas e coradas com coloração de Rosenfeld modificado para a avaliação das alterações eritrocitárias. Para análise histopatológica das brânquias, o segundo arco branquial esquerdo foi removido de cada espécime e fixado em formaldeído a 10% por 24 horas. Esses foram subsequentemente descalcificados em ácido nítrico a 10% e foram realizados protocolos histológicos em parafina. Alterações eritrocitárias, notadamente micronúcleos, foram identificadas em grandes quantidades. Entre as alterações branquiais mais comuns foram a elevação do epitélio lamelar, dilatação capilar sanguínea, aneurismas e fusão total e parcial da lamela. O resultado da análise microbiológica da água revelou uma quantidade de coliformes termotolerantes maior do que é permitido pela legislação vigente. Esses resultados indicam que a saúde dos animais foi danificada, apontando a má qualidade da água na Laguna da Jansen.

Development and characterization of a 3D oral mucosa model as a tool for host-pathogen interactions.

The aim of this study was to (i) design, develop and validate a practical and physiologically relevant reconstituted in vitro oral mucosa tissue model and (ii) to assess its applicability in in vitro host-pathogen interactions with C. albicans and S. aureus. Co-culture organotypic constructions were created by incorporating specific numbers of keratinocytes (NOK-si) onto cellularised, collagen gel scaffolds containing human gingival fibroblasts incubated in KGM media and cultured for 14 days. The detection of the appropriate oral mucosa/epithelial structure was evaluated by histology (hematoxylin and eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (P.A.S.) and Picrosirius red), and immunocytochemistry (cytokeratin 13, cytokeratin 14, Ki-67 and collagen IV) compared to a normal human gingiva. The morphology of the reconstituted tissue was analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy. To further quantitate tissue damage, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured in the tissue supernatant. NOK-si grown upon a gingival scaffold provided an organotypic model in an in vitro setting and exhibited structural characteristics typically associated with normal oral mucosa. Immunocytochemistry revealed the detection of epithelial cytokeratins 13 and 14, Col IV and Ki-67 in the reconstituted oral mucosa model. Infection was detected after 8 h and 16 h. This study presents an in vitro cellularised, organotypic model of reconstituted oral mucosa, which enables close control and characterization of its structure and differentiation over a mid-length period of time in culture.

Síndrome de burnout: análise da literatura nacional entre 2006 e 2015 / Burnout syndrome: analysis of national literature between 2006 and 2015 / Síndrome de burnout: análisis de la literatura nacional entre 2006 y 2015

As pesquisas sobre a síndrome de burnout tiveram seu início no Brasil em meados da década de 1970. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a literatura científica de artigos empíricos sobre burnout publicados em duas bases de dados nacionais (SciELO e PePSIC) entre os anos de 2006 e 2015. Foram analisados 141 artigos científicos e, dos principais resultados, constatou-se variabilidade no que tange ao número amostral investigado nos artigos. A fase do desenvolvimento humano mais investigada foi de adultos jovens, e o instrumento mais utilizado para a avaliação da síndrome foi o Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Os resultados são comparados com estudos nacionais que também tiveram como objetivo avaliar a literatura em períodos diferentes, utilizando indicadores similares e/ou diferentes dos aqui avaliados. Além disso, as limitações são apontadas ao final da discussão.

Research on burnout syndrome had its start in Brazil in the mid-1970s. This study aimed to investigate the scientific literature of empirical articles on burnout published in two national databases (SciELO and PePSIC) between the years 2006 and 2015. We analyzed 141 scientific articles, and among the main results, variability was found in relation to the sample size investigated in the articles. The phase of human development most investigated was for young adults, with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) being the instrument most frequently used to assess burnout. The results are compared with national studies that were also conducted to evaluate the literature in different periods, using similar and /or different indicators from those evaluated here. In addition, some limitations are indicated at the end of the discussion.

La investigación sobre el síndrome de burnout tiene su inicio en Brasil a mediados del 1970. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la literatura científica de los artículos empíricos sobre el burnout, publicados en dos bases de datos nacionales (SciELO y PePSIC), entre los años 2006 y 2015. Se analizaron 141 artículos científicos y, uno de los principales resultados, consiste en el hallazgo de la variabilidad en relación con el tamaño de la muestra investigada en los artículos. La fase de desarrollo humano más investigada fue de adultos jóvenes, y el instrumento más utilizado para la evaluación del síndrome fue el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Los resultados son comparados con estudios nacionales que también tuvieron como objetivo el evaluar la literatura en diferentes periodos, utilizando indicadores similares y/o diferentes de los que aquí se evalúan. Además de eso, las limitaciones se señalan al final de la discusión.

Sequelae in primary teeth after traumatic injury / Sequelas em dentes decíduos após injúrias traumáticas

Objective: Determine the prevalence of injuries due to dislocation in the primary dentition and the associated sequelae in children treated at Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará. Material and Methods: The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee Medical School of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. It was conducted through a transversal retrospective observational investigation. Data were collected from the medical records from 2000 to 2014. We use the statistical analysis software SPSS (Statistical Packacge for the Social Sciences) 17.0 for Windows. Results: The sample consisted of 52 patients, totaling 75 traumatized primary teeth. The average age at injury was 37.6 months and the most affected gender was male (65.4 %). Most injuries occurred at home (57.7 %) and consequently to fall from height (73%). The most common type of dislocation for injury was intrusion (53.3 %) and color change (42.7%), pulp necrosis (37.3 %) and obliteration of the root canal (13.3%) the most frequent sequelae. Conclusion: The high prevalence of sequelae (74.7 %) shows that proper treatment should happen at right time in order to reduce the occurrence of sequelae. (AU)

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de lesões por luxação na dentição primária e as sequelas associadas em crianças atendidas na Clínica de Odontopediatria da Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Material e Métodos: O protocolo de pesquisa foi revisado e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa Institucional da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará. Este estudo foi realizada através de uma investigação observacional retrospectiva transversal. Os dados foram coletados dos registros médicos entre os anos 2000 e 2014. Utilizamos o software de análise estatística SPSS (Statistical Packacge for the Social Scientes) 17.0 para Windows. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 52 pacientes, totalizando 75 dentes primários traumatizados. A idade média de lesão foi de 37,6 meses e o sexo mais atingido foi o sexo masculino (65,4%). A maioria das lesões ocorreu em casa (57,7%) e, consequentemente, a queda de altura (73%) foi o motivo mais de maior prevalência. O tipo mais comum de luxação por lesão foi a intrusão (53,3%) e alteração de cor (42,7%), necrose pulpar (37,3%) e obliteração do canal radicular (13,3%) as sequelas mais frequentes. Conclusão: A alta prevalência de sequelas (74,7%) mostra que o tratamento adequado deve ocorrer no momento adequado para reduzir sequelas.(AU)

Caracterização morfológica do trato gastrointestinal de frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb 500® / Morphological characterization of the gastrointestinal tract of Cobb 500® broilers

Caracterizou-se morfologicamente o tubo digestório de frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb 500®. O experimento foi conduzido no setor de avicultura do Colégio Técnico de Bom Jesus, Piauí, em galpão experimental. Foram utilizados oito animais aos quarenta e seis dias de idade, e avaliou-se as características morfológicas macroscópica a partir da mensuração dos órgãos do tubo digestório, essas foram avaliadas através de análise estatística descritiva e análise correlação de Pearson. A avaliação microscópica foi realizada pela análise das lâminas histológicas. Conclui-se que a linhagem Cobb 500® demonstrou estratigrafia tecidual do tubo digestório, composta por quatro túnicas: mucosa, submucosa, muscular e serosa, com exceção do esôfago e inglúvio que ao invés de possuir túnica serosa possui a adventícia. No esôfago há presença de glândulas mucosas, e no inglúvio são ausentes. O proventrículo é estruturado por várias glândulas mucosas localizadas na túnica mucosa, que drenam suas secreções em ductos secundários e primários e ao um ducto excretor em direção ao lúmen do órgão. O ventrículo possui um conteúdo queratinóide na túnica mucosa, glândulas gástricas na lâmina própria. No intestino delgado é mais visível a presença de células caliciformes no íleo, porém também estão presentes no duodeno e no jejuno. Em ambos os intestinos delgado e grosso é visível à presença de vilos, que se tornam mais curtos e largos caudalmente ao tubo digestório, apresentam em seus segmentos a presença de tecido linfático difuso e nodular, sendo estes mais evidenciados no intestino grosso.(AU)

This study aimed to describe the morphology of the digestive tract of broilers of the Cobb 500® lineage. The experiment was carried out in an experimental shed of the poultry sector of a Technical College in Bom Jesus county, Piauí, Brazil. The anatomical features of the digestive tract of eight 46-day-old broilers were evaluated with descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. Microscopic evaluation was performed by analysis of histological slides. It could be concluded that the Cobb 500® lineage demonstrated tissue stratigraphy of the digestive tube, consisting of four tunics, e.g. mucosa, submucosa, muscular and serosa, with exception of esophagus and crop which instead of a serous tunic has an adventitia tunic. In the esophagus exist mucous glands, but not in crop. In the mucosa of the proventriculus exist various mucous glands, which drain their secretions into secondary and primary ducts, and through an excretory duct into the lumen of the organ. The ventricle contains keratin in mucosa, and gastric glands in the lamina propria. In the ileum goblet cells are evident, but are also present in duodenum and jejunum. In the small and large intestine villi are evident, which become shorter and wider caudally to the digestive tract, with diffuse and nodular lymphoid tissue most evident in the large intestine.(AU)

Dengue in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 2010-2012.

OBJECTIVE: To present results of virological surveillance and epidemiological aspects of dengue in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. METHODS: A total of 1581 cases, reported from 2010 to 2012 at various health centres in the state, were analysed by viral isolation and/or RT-PCR for viral detection and typing. To identify whether different genotypes were circulating in the state during this period, sequencing of the complete E gene for DENV (1485 bp in length) was performed directly from patient serum samples. RESULTS: All four serotypes of dengue virus circulated in Rio Grande do Norte, with the introduction of DENV-4 in the state in 2011. In 2012, DENV-4 represented 100% of positive confirmed cases. 53.97% of cases occurred in Natal. Case numbers peaked in April (21%) and May (23%). Genetic characterisation of circulating strains confirmed the circulation of genotypes V, south-east Asian/American and II, respectively, for DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-4. CONCLUSIONS: This work furthers a better understanding of dengue viruses in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. Strengthening control efforts in the region is important considering the impact of dengue.

Effect of Twice-Daily Blue Light Treatment on Matrix-Rich Biofilm Development.

BACKGROUND: The use of blue light has been proposed as a direct means of affecting local bacterial infections, however the use of blue light without a photosensitizer to prevent the biofilm development has not yet been explored. The aim of this study was to determine how the twice-daily treatment with blue light affects the development and composition of a matrix-rich biofilm. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans UA159 were formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs for 5 days. The biofilms were exposed twice-daily to non-coherent blue light (LumaCare; 420 nm) without a photosensitizer. The distance between the light and the sample was 1.0 cm; energy density of 72 J cm-2; and exposure time of 12 min 56 s. Positive and negative controls were twice-daily 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 0.89% NaCl, respectively. Biofilms were analyzed for bacterial viability, dry-weight, and extra (EPS-insoluble and soluble) and intracellular (IPS) polysaccharides. Variable pressure scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used to check biofilm morphology and bacterial viability, respectively. When biofilms were exposed to twice-daily blue light, EPS-insoluble was reduced significantly more than in either control group (CHX and 0.89% NaCl). Bacterial viability and dry weight were also reduced relative to the negative control (0.89% NaCl) when the biofilms were treated with twice-daily blue light. Different morphology was also visible when the biofilms were treated with blue light. CONCLUSIONS: Twice-daily treatment with blue light without a photosensitizer is a promising mechanism for the inhibition of matrix-rich biofilm development.

Caracterização morfológica do trato gastrointestinal de frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb 500®

Abstract: This study aimed to describe the morphology of the digestive tract of broilers of the Cobb 500® lineage. The experiment was carried out in an experimental shed of the poultry sector of a Technical College in Bom Jesus county, Piauí, Brazil. The anatomical features of the digestive tract of eight 46-day-old broilers were evaluated with descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. Microscopic evaluation was performed by analysis of histological slides. It could be concluded that the Cobb 500® lineage demonstrated tissue stratigraphy of the digestive tube, consisting of four tunics, e.g. mucosa, submucosa, muscular and serosa, with exception of esophagus and crop which instead of a serous tunic has an adventitia tunic. In the esophagus exist mucous glands, but not in crop. In the mucosa of the proventriculus exist various mucous glands, which drain their secretions into secondary and primary ducts, and through an excretory duct into the lumen of the organ. The ventricle contains keratin in mucosa, and gastric glands in the lamina propria. In the ileum goblet cells are evident, but are also present in duodenum and jejunum. In the small and large intestine villi are evident, which become shorter and wider caudally to the digestive tract, with diffuse and nodular lymphoid tissue most evident in the large intestine.

Resumo: Caracterizou-se morfologicamente o tubo digestório de frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb 500®. O experimento foi conduzido no setor de avicultura do Colégio Técnico de Bom Jesus, Piauí, em galpão experimental. Foram utilizados oito animais aos quarenta e seis dias de idade, e avaliou-se as características morfológicas macroscópica a partir da mensuração dos órgãos do tubo digestório, essas foram avaliadas através de análise estatística descritiva e análise correlação de Pearson. A avaliação microscópica foi realizada pela análise das lâminas histológicas. Conclui-se que a linhagem Cobb 500® demonstrou estratigrafia tecidual do tubo digestório, composta por quatro túnicas: mucosa, submucosa, muscular e serosa, com exceção do esôfago e inglúvio que ao invés de possuir túnica serosa possui a adventícia. No esôfago há presença de glândulas mucosas, e no inglúvio são ausentes. O proventrículo é estruturado por várias glândulas mucosas localizadas na túnica mucosa, que drenam suas secreções em ductos secundários e primários e ao um ducto excretor em direção ao lúmen do órgão. O ventrículo possui um conteúdo queratinóide na túnica mucosa, glândulas gástricas na lâmina própria. No intestino delgado é mais visível a presença de células caliciformes no íleo, porém também estão presentes no duodeno e no jejuno. Em ambos os intestinos delgado e grosso é visível à presença de vilos, que se tornam mais curtos e largos caudalmente ao tubo digestório, apresentam em seus segmentos a presença de tecido linfático difuso e nodular, sendo estes mais evidenciados no intestino grosso.

Effectiveness of electronic apex locator during the root canal length in primary teeth: an in vitro study

To evaluate the use of electronic apex locator to measure the root canal length in primary teeth, comparing this measure with the measurements obtained by conventional radiography and by the direct measurement of the root canal lenght.Material and Methods:The sample consisted of nine multi-rooted primary teeth, totaling 32 root canals. Endodontic access was performed with a spherical diamond tip, then the pulp was extirpated and the canal irrigated with 0.9% saline. An endodontic file was used to measure the root canal length by electronic apex locator, using the Novapex ® according to the manufacturer's instructions, and by direct method. An endodontic ruler was used to determine fileÆs length. Conventional radiographic was also performed. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The level of significance was 95%.Results:The average of the root canal length was 9.98 ± 2.16 to the direct method; 11.52 ± 1.87 to conventional radiography; and 10.91 ± 1.92 to the electronic apex locator. The results of this study showed a high correlation between the values given by the different methods, regardless of the presence or absence of physiological root resorption. There were not statistically significant differences amongst the methods studied (p> 0.05).Conclusion:Electronic apex locator was an accurate method measure the root canal length in primary teeth, and its use is indicated in endodontic treatment of these teeth...