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Bone tissue regeneration remains a significant challenge in clinical settings due to the complexity of replicating the mechanical and biological properties of bone environment. This study addresses this challenge by proposing a hybrid scaffold designed to enhance both bioactivity and physical stability for bone tissue regeneration. This research is the fisrt to develop a rigid 3D structure composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) integrated with a bioink containing human dental pulp stem/stromal cells (hDPSCs), alginate, nHA and collagen (Col). The biofabricated constructs were extensively characterized through cytocompatibility tests, osteogenic differentiation assessment, and biocompatibility evaluation in a rat model. In vitro results demontrated that the hybrid scaffolds presented significantly higher cell viability after 168 h compared to the control group. Furthermore, the hybrid scaffolds showed increased osteogenic differentiation relative to other groups. In vivo evaluation indicated good biocompatibility, characterized by minimal inflammatory response and successful tissue integration. These findings highlight the scaffold's potential to support bone tissue regeneration by combining the mechanical strength of PCL and nHA with the biological activity of the alginate-nHA-Col and hDPSCs bioink. The current study provides a promising foundation for the development of biomaterials aimed at improving clinical outcomes in bone repair and regeneration, particulary for the treatment of critical-size bone defects, targeted drug administration, and three-dimensional models for bone tissue engineering.
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Introduction: Percutaneous kidney biopsy (KB) is crucial to the diagnosis and management of several renal pathologies. National data on native KB in pediatric patients are scarce. We aimed to review the demographic and clinical characteristics and histopathological patterns in children who underwent native percutaneous KB over 24 years. Methods: Retrospective observational study of patients undergoing native percutaneous KB in a pediatric nephrology unit between 1998 and 2021, comparing 3 periods: period 1 (1998-2005), period 2 (2006-2013), and period 3 (2014-2021). Results: We found that 228 KB were performed, 78 (34.2%) in period 1, 91 (39.9%) in period 2, and 59 (25.9%) in period 3. The median age at KB was 11 (7-14) years. The main indications for KB were nephrotic syndrome (NS) (42.9%), hematuria and/or non-nephrotic proteinuria (35.5%), and acute kidney injury (13.2%). Primary glomerulopathies were more frequent (67.1%), particularly minimal change disease (MCD) (25.4%), IgA nephropathy (12.7%), and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) (8.8%). Of the secondary glomerulopathies, lupus nephritis (LN) was the most prevalent (11.8%). In group 1, hematuria and/or non-nephrotic proteinuria were the main reasons for KB, as opposed to NS in groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.01). LN showed an increasing trend (period 1-3: 2.6%-5.3%) and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) showed a slight decreasing trend (period 1-3: 3.1%-1.8%), without statistical significance. Conclusions: The main indication for KB was NS, which increased over time, justifying the finding of MCD as main histological diagnosis. LN showed an increase in incidence over time, while FSGS cases did not increase.
RESUMO Introdução: A biópsia renal (BR) percutânea é fundamental para diagnóstico e manejo de diversas patologias renais. Dados nacionais sobre BR nativa em pacientes pediátricos são escassos. Nosso objetivo foi revisar características demográficas, clínicas e padrões histopatológicos em crianças submetidas a BR percutânea nativa ao longo de 24 anos. Métodos: Estudo observacional retrospectivo de pacientes submetidos a BR percutâneas nativas em unidade de nefrologia pediátrica entre 1998 e 2021, comparando três períodos: período 1 (1998-2005), período 2 (2006-2013), período 3 (2014-2021). Resultados: Constatamos que foram realizadas 228 BR, 78 (34,2%) no período 1, 91 (39,9%) no período 2, 59 (25,9%) no período 3. A idade mediana na BR foi 11 (7-14) anos. As principais indicações para BR foram síndrome nefrótica (SN) (42,9%), hematúria e/ou proteinúria não nefrótica (35,5%), lesão renal aguda (13,2%). Glomerulopatias primárias foram mais frequentes (67,1%), principalmente doença de lesão mínima (DLM) (25,4%), nefropatia por IgA (12,7%), glomerulonefrite mesangioproliferativa (GN) (8,8%). Das glomerulopatias secundárias, nefrite lúpica (NL) foi a mais prevalente (11,8%). No grupo 1, hematúria e/ou a proteinúria não nefrótica foram os principais motivos para BR, ao contrário da SN nos grupos 2 e 3 (p < 0,01). A NL apresentou tendência crescente (período 1-3: 2,6%-5,3%) e a glomeruloesclerose segmentar focal (GESF) apresentou leve tendência decrescente (período 1-3: 3,1%-1,8%), sem significância estatística. Conclusões: A principal indicação para BR foi SN, que aumentou ao longo do tempo, justificando o achado de DLM como principal diagnóstico histológico. A NL apresentou aumento na incidência ao longo do tempo, enquanto os casos de GESF não aumentaram.
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Physical activity and diet have complementary benefits for attenuating adverse health effects that childhood cancer survivors experience after the end of treatment. This review aimed to explore the impact of combined physical activity and diet interventions on the health status of childhood cancer survivors. A thorough review of the literature was carried out using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scielo, LILACS and Web of Science databases for studies published until June 2024. Studies concerning survivors of childhood cancer of any type engaged exclusively in combined diet/physical activity interventions were included in this review. Three manuscripts met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that combined physical activity plus diet interventions showed beneficial impacts for the intestinal microbiome, percentage of calories from sweet foods, daily consumption of sugary beverages, reduction in sedentary activity, and mood (1 out of 1 study for each of the presented outcomes). Although more rigorous studies are needed, these findings showed promising results regarding the impact of interventions involving both physical activity and diet on childhood cancer survivors.
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Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) are on the rise, robbing people of their memories and independence. While risk factors such as age and genetics play an important role, exciting studies suggest that a diet rich in foods from plant origin may offer a line of defense. These kinds of foods, namely fruits and vegetables, are packed with a plethora of powerful bioactive secondary metabolites (SBMs), including terpenoids, polyphenols, glucosinolates, phytosterols and capsaicinoids, which exhibit a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-Alzheimer's, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial properties, associated with preventive effects in the development of chronic diseases mediated by oxidative stress such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, respiratory diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and NDDs. This review explores the potential of SBMs as theravention agents (metabolites with therapeutic and preventive action) against NDDs. By understanding the science behind plant-based prevention, we may be able to develop new strategies to promote brain health and prevent the rise in NDDs. The proposed review stands out by emphasizing the integration of multiple SBMs in plant-based foods and their potential in preventing NDDs. Previous research has often focused on individual compounds or specific foods, but this review aims to present a comprehensive fingerprint of how a diet rich in various SBMs can synergistically contribute to brain health. The risk factors related to NDD development and the diagnostic process, in addition to some examples of food-related products and medicinal plants that significantly reduce the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and ß-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), are highlighted.
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Animals have been used as models to help to better understand biological and anatomical systems, and pathologies in both humans and non-human species, and sheep are often used as an in vivo experimental model for orthopedic research. Gait analysis has been shown to be an important tool in biomechanics research with clinical applications. The purpose of this study was to perform a kinematic analysis using a tridimensional (3D) reconstruction of the sheep hindlimb. Seven healthy sheep were evaluated for natural overground walking, and motion capture of the right hindlimb was collected with an optoelectronic system while the animals walked in a track. The analysis addressed gait spatiotemporal variables, hip, knee and ankle angle and intralimb joint angle coordination measures during the entire walking cycle. This study is the first that describes the spatiotemporal parameters from the hip, knee and ankle joints in a tridimensional way: flexion/extension; abduction/adduction and inter/external rotation. The results of this assessment can be used as an outcome indicator to guide treatment and the efficacy of different therapies for orthopedic and neurological conditions involving the locomotor system of the sheep animal model.
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PURPOSE: Retrospective evaluation of bilateral same-day myringoplasty outcomes. METHODS: Patients who underwent bilateral same-day myringoplasty from 2005 to 2019. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients underwent bilateral myringoplasty. Mean age was 44.5 years and 55.3% patients were male. Tragal perichondrium-cartilage composite graft was the most frequently used graft material (82.9%). Perforation closure was achieved in 78.9%. Postoperative Pure Tone Average and Air-Bone Gap decreased significantly (p < 0.05), except for the Air-Bone Gap of the right ear (p = 0.058). The complications were cholesteatoma (1.3%), otorrhea (6.6%) and tympanic membrane retraction (1.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral same-day myringoplasty is a feasible procedure in selected patients. Good anatomic and functional outcomes, as well as a low rate of complications, are achieved with this procedure, improving patient comfort and allowing for a reduction in operation time and costs.
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Miringoplastia , Perfuração da Membrana Timpânica , Humanos , Miringoplastia/métodos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perfuração da Membrana Timpânica/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos de Viabilidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios/métodos , Adulto Jovem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Idoso , AdolescenteRESUMO
Musculoskeletal injuries such as equine osteoarthritis, osteoarticular defects, tendonitis/desmitis, and muscular disorders are prevalent among sport horses, with a fair prognosis for returning to exercise or previous performance levels. The field of equine medicine has witnessed rapid and fruitful development, resulting in a diverse range of therapeutic options for musculoskeletal problems. Staying abreast of these advancements can be challenging, prompting the need for a comprehensive review of commonly used and recent treatments. The aim is to compile current therapeutic options for managing these injuries, spanning from simple to complex physiotherapy techniques, conservative treatments including steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hyaluronic acid, polysulfated glycosaminoglycans, pentosan polysulfate, and polyacrylamides, to promising regenerative therapies such as hemoderivatives and stem cell-based therapies. Each therapeutic modality is scrutinized for its benefits, limitations, and potential synergistic actions to facilitate their most effective application for the intended healing/regeneration of the injured tissue/organ and subsequent patient recovery. While stem cell-based therapies have emerged as particularly promising for equine musculoskeletal injuries, a multidisciplinary approach is underscored throughout the discussion, emphasizing the importance of considering various therapeutic modalities in tandem.
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PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify continuous epileptiform discharges (CEDs) on electroencephalograms (EEG) and to determine their clinical significance in children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 75 children diagnosed with CZS born from March 2015 and followed up until September 2018 (age up to 36 months). EEG was performed to detect CEDs up to 24 months old. Data on obstetric, demographic, and clinical signs; cranial computed tomography (CT); ophthalmology examination; anti-seizure medication; growth; and motor development were collected. Fisher's exact test was used to verify the associations between categorical variables, and the T- test was used to compare the mean z-scores of anthropometric measurements between the groups with and without CED. RESULTS: CEDs were identified in 41 (54.67 %) children. The mean age of CEDs identification was 12.24 ± 6.86 months. Bilateral CEDs were shown in 62.89 % of EEGs. CEDs were associated with severe congenital microcephaly, defined by z-score >3 standard deviation of head circumference (HC) below the mean for sex and age (p = 0.025), and worse outcomes, including first seizure before 6 months (p = 0.004), drug-resistant epilepsy (p < 0.001), chorioretinal scarring or mottling (p = 0.002), and severe CT findings (p = 0.002). The CED group had lower mean z-scores of HC up to 24 months of age. CONCLUSION: This is the first description of the prevalence and significance of CEDs that also remains during wakefulness in patients with CZS. New investigations may suggest that it is more appropriate to classify the EEG not as a CED, but as a periodic pattern. Anyway, CEDs may be a marker of neurological severity in children with CSZ.
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Eletroencefalografia , Infecção por Zika virus , Humanos , Infecção por Zika virus/complicações , Infecção por Zika virus/fisiopatologia , Infecção por Zika virus/congênito , Feminino , Masculino , Lactente , Estudos Prospectivos , Pré-Escolar , Microcefalia/fisiopatologia , Microcefalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/etiologia , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In society, people live in a social reality where multiculturalism is an increasingly relevant and prevalent topic in their contexts. Facing this, caring for multicultural patients in an emergency service or intensive care unit setting requires a high level of cultural competence due to the complexity, vulnerability of the patient, rapid changes in hemodynamic status, involvement of the family, their informational needs. OBJECTIVE: To map the strategies for nursing care of critically ill multicultural patients. METHOD: A Scoping Review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute's recommendations, with the research question: What are the strategies for nursing care of critically ill multicultural patients? The study was guided by PRISMA. The research was conducted through the EBSCOHost platform, SciELO, Portugal's Open Access Scientific Repository, the Virtual Health Library and a search in grey literature. This was achieved by combining the descriptors DECS/MESH: cultural competence; critical care; emergency room; intensive care; and natural words: cultural care; nurs* interventions; nurs* strategies; within the time frame from 2012 to 2024. The study screening was performed by three independent reviewers through the reading of titles, abstracts and full texts, applying exclusion criteria. The study results were then subjected to content analysis, from which categories emerged. RESULTS: The selected articles highlight various strategies that contribute to the improvement of nursing care for critically ill multicultural patients, focusing on care practice and cultural diversity training for both nurses and nursing students. CONCLUSION: Nurses with cultural competence possess more knowledge and strategies to provide tailored care for multicultural critically ill patients, thereby enhancing the quality of care delivered and contributing to the humanization of healthcare. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nurses need to have knowledge of existing strategies for caring for multicultural critically ill patients. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No direct patient or public contribution to the review.
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Estado Terminal , Diversidade Cultural , Humanos , Estado Terminal/enfermagem , Enfermagem de Cuidados Críticos/normas , Masculino , Feminino , Competência Cultural , Adulto , Assistência à Saúde Culturalmente CompetenteRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous kidney biopsy (KB) is crucial to the diagnosis and management of several renal pathologies. National data on native KB in pediatric patients are scarce. We aimed to review the demographic and clinical characteristics and histopathological patterns in children who underwent native percutaneous KB over 24 years. METHODS: Retrospective observational study of patients undergoing native percutaneous KB in a pediatric nephrology unit between 1998 and 2021, comparing 3 periods: period 1 (1998-2005), period 2 (2006-2013), and period 3 (2014-2021). RESULTS: We found that 228 KB were performed, 78 (34.2%) in period 1, 91 (39.9%) in period 2, and 59 (25.9%) in period 3. The median age at KB was 11 (7-14) years. The main indications for KB were nephrotic syndrome (NS) (42.9%), hematuria and/or non-nephrotic proteinuria (35.5%), and acute kidney injury (13.2%). Primary glomerulopathies were more frequent (67.1%), particularly minimal change disease (MCD) (25.4%), IgA nephropathy (12.7%), and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) (8.8%). Of the secondary glomerulopathies, lupus nephritis (LN) was the most prevalent (11.8%). In group 1, hematuria and/or non-nephrotic proteinuria were the main reasons for KB, as opposed to NS in groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.01). LN showed an increasing trend (period 1-3: 2.6%-5.3%) and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) showed a slight decreasing trend (period 1-3: 3.1%-1.8%), without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The main indication for KB was NS, which increased over time, justifying the finding of MCD as main histological diagnosis. LN showed an increase in incidence over time, while FSGS cases did not increase.
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Glomerulonefrite por IGA , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal , Nefropatias , Nefrite Lúpica , Nefrose Lipoide , Síndrome Nefrótica , Criança , Humanos , Adolescente , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal/patologia , Hematúria/epidemiologia , Hematúria/etiologia , Hematúria/patologia , Portugal/epidemiologia , Rim/patologia , Nefropatias/epidemiologia , Nefropatias/patologia , Síndrome Nefrótica/diagnóstico , Nefrite Lúpica/patologia , Glomerulonefrite por IGA/patologia , Proteinúria , Estudos Retrospectivos , BiópsiaRESUMO
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a very heterogeneous disease with multiple symptoms and clinical manifestations. MM affects mainly elderly patients and is difficult to manage in the presence of comorbidities, polypharmacy, frailty and adverse events of disease-targeted drugs. The rapid changes in MM treatment resulting from constant innovations in this area, together with the introduction of numerous new drugs with distinct mechanisms of action and toxicity profiles, have led to an increased complexity in the therapeutic decision-making and patient management processes. The prolonged exposure to novel agents, sometimes in combination with conventional therapies, makes this management even more challenging. A careful balance between treatment efficacy and its tolerability should be considered for every patient. During treatment, a close monitoring of comorbidities, disease-related manifestations and treatment side effects is recommended, as well as a proactive approach, with reinforcement of information and patient awareness for the early recognition of adverse events, allowing prompt therapeutic adjustments. In this review, we discuss various issues that must be considered in the treatment of MM patients, while giving practical guidance for monitoring, prevention and management of myeloma-related manifestations and treatment-related toxicities.
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The authors present a case of a 36-year-old woman with a recurrent throat foreign body sensation and persistent dysphagia. On physical examination, a polypoid mass was visible at the postcricoid region, mobile with swallowing. A barium swallowing test confirmed the diagnosis of Zenker's diverticulum. The patient underwent transoral CO2 laser microsurgery for excision of the pharyngeal pouch. At the four-month evaluation, the patient was remarkably asymptomatic and without evidence of recurrence. This clinical case illustrates in detail the endoscopic view of the pre and postoperative aspects of the pharyngeal pouch, showing a step-by-step transoral CO2 laser microsurgery technique, with video.
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Horses are high-performance athletes prone to sportive injuries such as tendonitis and desmitis. The formation of fibrous tissue in tendon repair remains a challenge to overcome. This impels regenerative medicine to develop innovative therapies that enhance regeneration, retrieving original tissue properties. Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been successfully used to develop therapeutic products, as they secrete a variety of bioactive molecules that play a pivotal role in tissue regeneration. These factors are released in culture media for producing a conditioned medium (CM). The aforementioned assumptions led to the formulation of equine synovial membrane MSCs (eSM-MSCs)-the cellular pool that naturally regenerates joint tissue-combined with a medium enriched in immunomodulatory factors (among other bioactive factors) produced by umbilical cord stroma-derived MSCs (eUC-MSCs) that naturally contribute to suppressing the immune rejection in the maternal-fetal barrier. A description of an equine sport horse diagnosed with acute tarsocrural desmitis and treated with this formulation is presented. Ultrasonographic ligament recovery occurred in a reduced time frame, reducing stoppage time and allowing for the horse's return to unrestricted competition after the completion of a physical rehabilitation program. This study focused on the description of the therapeutic formulation and potential in an equine desmitis treatment using the cells themselves and their secretomes.
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The present work aims to map the available scientific evidence on the benefits of using the ISBAR tool in the nursing care of acutely ill adult patients' handover in an emergency department context. To this end, a scoping review was conducted, according to the guidelines proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), to answer the following research question: "What are the benefits of using the ISBAR tool in the nursing care of acutely ill adult patients' handover in an emergency department context?" The bibliographic search was carried out during August and September 2023 in the following electronic databases: CINAHL Complete; MEDLINE Complete; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; and Cochrane Methodology Register. Only works published between 2013 and 2023 were deemed fit for inclusion. All the included studies (9) show that ISBAR methodology, as a standardized tool for transferring nursing care in the emergency service, allows for a safe, clear, and concise transition of nursing care. The benefits relate to patient and professional safety, continuity, and quality of care, as well as patient and professional comfort, with health gains.
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This prospective observational cohort pilot study included 22 cats diagnosed with partial traumatic brachial plexus injury (PTBPI), aiming to explore responses to an early intensive neurorehabilitation protocol in a clinical setting. This protocol included functional electrical stimulation (FES), locomotor treadmill training and kinesiotherapy exercises, starting at the time with highest probability of nerve repair. The synergetic benefits of this multimodal approach were based on the potential structural and protective role of proteins and the release of neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, FES was parametrized according to the presence or absence of deep pain. Following treatment, 72.6% of the cats achieved ambulation: 9 cats within 15 days, 2 cats within 30 days and 5 cats within 60 days. During the four-year follow-up, there was evidence of improvement in both muscle mass and muscle weakness, in addition to the disappearance of neuropathic pain. Notably, after the 60 days of neurorehabilitation, 3 cats showed improved ambulation after arthrodesis of the carpus. Thus, early rehabilitation, with FES applied in the first weeks after injury and accurate parametrization according to the presence or absence of deep pain, may help in functional recovery and ambulation, reducing the probability of amputation.
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Following the successful eradication of Wuchereria bancrofti, there are now just three species of conventional microfilaremic human filarial parasites endemic to the Brazilian Amazon region: Mansonella ozzardi, Mansonella perstans and Onchocerca volvulus. The zoonotic filarial parasite Dirofilaria immitis is also found in the Amazon region as are several sylvatic filarial parasites, some of which have been recorded causing zoonoses and some of which have never been recorded outside the region. Onchocerca volvulus is only found in the Amazonia onchocerciasis focus in the Brazilian state of Roraima where it affects the people of the Yanomami tribe living around the densely forested Venezuela border region. Mansonella ozzardi is by far the most common filarial parasite in Brazil and has a broad but patchy distribution throughout the western Amazon region. Recorded in the Brazilian states of Acre, Roraima, Matto Grosso, and within almost every municipality of Amazonas state, it is believed that pollution of the urban stream and river systems prevents the development of the simuliid vectors of M. ozzardi and explains the parasite's reduced distribution within urban areas and an absence of recent reports from the state capital Manaus. Decades of WHO-led periodic ivermectin treatment of Yanomami tribe's people have resulted in the partial suppression of O. volvulus transmission in this focus and has also probably affected the transmission of M. ozzardi in the region. Mansonella perstans, O. volvulus and very probably M. ozzardi infections can all be treated and most likely cured with a 4-6-week treatment course of doxycycline. The Brazilian Ministry of Health does not, however, presently recommend any treatment for mansonellosis infections and thus parasitic infections outside the Amazonia focus are typically left untreated. While the long treatment courses required for doxycycline-based mansonellosis therapies preclude their use in control programmes, new fast-acting filarial drug treatments are likely to soon become available for the treatment of both onchocerciasis and mansonellosis in the Amazon region. Filarial disease management in the Brazilian Amazon is thus likely to become dramatically more viable at a time when the public health importance of these diseases is increasingly being recognized.
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Aim: Peripheral nerve injury regeneration studies using animal models are crucial to different pre-clinical therapeutic approaches efficacy evaluation whatever the surgical technique explored. Materials & methods: A 944 articles systematic review on 'peripheral nerve injury in animal models' over the last 9 years was carried out. Results: It was found that 91% used rodents, and only 9% employed large animals. Different nerves are studied, with generated gaps (10,78 mm) and methods applied for regeneration evaluation uniformed. Sciatic nerve was the most used (88%), followed by median and facial nerves (2.6%), significantly different. Conclusion: There has not been a significant scale-up of the in vivo testing to large animal models (anatomically/physiologically closer to humans), allowing an improvement in translational medicine for clinical cases.
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Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos , Humanos , Animais , Nervo Isquiático , Modelos Animais , Regeneração Nervosa/fisiologia , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Resumo Enquadramento: A flebite é uma complicação associada à utilização de cateter venoso periférico, classificada como evento adverso. Objetivos: Analisar os incidentes de flebite associada ao cateter venoso periférico e aos medicamentos administrados em doentes adultos internados e as suas consequências. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, retrospetivo, descritivo e transversal. Técnica de amostragem não probabilística por conveniência sendo selecionados 96 doentes adultos internados em 2019, na área da medicina de um Centro Hospitalar em Lisboa. O grau de flebite foi avaliado pela escala Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score Português Portugal (VIP PT-PT) traduzida e adaptada para Português Europeu. O dano foi categorizado de acordo com a classificação internacional sobre segurança do doente (CISD). Resultados: Dos incidentes de flebite documentados, 78% classificados com score 2 pela escala VIP PT-PT. Pela CISD, 87,5% resultaram em dano ligeiro e 12,5% em moderado. Os antibióticos foram o grupo terapêutico mais frequente. Conclusão: A flebite tem impacto na segurança do doente. Reforça-se a importância dos cuidados de enfermagem com enfoque na vigilância e deteção precoce de flebite.
Abstract Background: Phlebitis is a complication associated with peripheral intravenous catheters and an adverse event. Objective: To analyze peripheral intravenous catheter-associated phlebitis incidents associated and drug administration to adult inpatients and their consequences. Methodology: Quantitative, retrospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. Non-probabilistic convenience sampling technique was used, with 96 adult patients hospitalized in 2019 selected in the area of medicine at a Hospital Center in Lisbon. The type of phlebitis incident was characterized using the Visual Infusion Phlebitis scale adapted and translated to European Portuguese. Patient harm was categorized according to the International Classification for Patient Safety (ICPS). Results: Of the documented phlebitis incidents, 78% obtained a score 2 on the VIP PT-PT scale. According to the ICPS, 87.5% resulted in mild harm and 12.5% in moderate harm. Antibiotics were the most frequent therapeutic group. Conclusion: Phlebitis has an impact on patient safety. The importance of nursing care is reinforced, with a focus on surveillance and early detection of phlebitis to prevent complications.
Resumen Marco contextual: La flebitis es una complicación asociada al uso de catéteres venosos periféricos clasificada como acontecimiento adverso. Objetivos: Analizar los incidentes de flebitis asociada al empleo de catéteres venosos periféricos y a la administración de fármacos en pacientes adultos hospitalizados y sus consecuencias. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal. Técnica de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, se seleccionaron 96 pacientes adultos ingresados en 2019 en el área médica de un centro hospitalario de Lisboa. El grado de flebitis se evaluó mediante la escala Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score Portugués Portugal (VIP PT-PT), traducida y adaptada al portugués europeo. El daño se categorizó según la Clasificación Internacional sobre Seguridad del Paciente (CISD). Resultados: De los incidentes de flebitis documentados, el 78% se clasificó con una puntuación de 2 según la escala VIP PT-PT. Por la CISD, el 87,5% resultó en daño leve y el 12,5% en moderado. Los antibióticos fueron el grupo terapéutico más frecuente. Conclusión: La flebitis repercute en la seguridad del paciente. Se refuerza la importancia de los cuidados de enfermería centrados en la vigilancia y la detección precoz de la flebitis.
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Brazil stands out for presenting the highest amphibian anuran diversity in the world. However, taxonomic studies that address characteristic of larval stage of anurans are incipient, representing only 62% of known species. We assess the species diversity of tadpoles from eastern Maranhão state, mid-northern region of Brazil based on morphological and molecular identification (i.e., 16S rRNA gene fragment), and we also provide characteristics of the habitats occupied by each species. We carried out 30 field samplings during 13 months in 16 environments along an ecotonal area, over five cities inside the limits of state of Maranhão, between the Maranhão Babaçu Forest and Cerrado ecoregions. We searched for tadpoles in a variety of water bodies, and the tadpoles that reached the developmental stage between 34 to 40 Gosner were morphologically identified. The tadpoles collected herein represent 26 species belonging to five families. The external morphology enabled the identification of 24 species, while the molecular data recognized 22 unique evolutionary units. The most represented family was Hylidae (Hylinae 11 spp., Phyllomedusinae one spp.) followed by Leptodactylidae (Leptodactylinae seven spp., Leiuperinae three spp.), Microhylidae (Gastrophryninae two spp.), and Bufonidae (two spp.). Our results show that oral morphology was the most important character for identifying tadpoles based on morphology, and the specific 16S rRNA primer was suitable for molecular identification. This study pioneers the use of both morphological and molecular data to identify tadpoles in the state of Maranhão. It also provides, for the first-time, habitat characteristic for the species. Our study reveals a high number of anuran species sampled at the larval stage in the region, identifies species that require further taxonomic and systematic attention, and extends the geographic distribution of six species, three of which represent new occurrences for the state. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that the diversity of amphibians from Maranhão is underestimated and highlight the importance of herpetological inventories in poorly sampled areas, decentralizing the knowledge of biodiversity.