RESUMO
Among drug delivery systems, catanionic vesicles now appear as powerful candidates for pharmaceutical applications because they are relatively cheap and easy to use, thus well corresponding to industrial requirements. Using labelled vesicles made of a tricatenar catanionic surfactant, the work reported here aims at exploring the mechanisms by which internalisation into a cell occurs. The study was performed on various cell types such as phagocytic as well as non-phagocytic cells using confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry. Using various inhibitors, endocytosis and also a passive process, as probably fusion, were highlighted as interaction phenomena between catanionic vesicles and cell membranes. Finally, the interaction modelled with giant liposomes as membrane models confirmed the hypothesis of the occurrence of a fusion phenomenon between the nanovectors and cell membranes. This process highlights the potential of catanionic vesicles for a future pharmaceutical application as a universal drug delivery system.
Assuntos
Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Tensoativos/química , Animais , Ânions/síntese química , Ânions/química , Ânions/farmacocinética , Cátions/síntese química , Cátions/química , Cátions/farmacocinética , Bovinos , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Células Cromafins/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cromafins/metabolismo , Portadores de Fármacos/síntese química , Portadores de Fármacos/farmacocinética , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Endocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Fusão de Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Microscopia Confocal , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Estrutura Molecular , Tamanho da Partícula , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Propriedades de Superfície , Tensoativos/síntese química , Tensoativos/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
The increasing need for drug delivery systems that improve specificity and activity and at the same time reduce toxicity to ensure maximum treatment safety has led to the development of a great variety of drug vectors. Carriers based on soft matter have particularly interesting characteristics. Herein we present the current standing of the research in this area, and focus on two main families, namely matrix systems and vesicles. We outline the structure, properties, and potential applications of these vectors, and discuss their main advantages and drawbacks in their synthesis.
Assuntos
Portadores de Fármacos , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Coloides/síntese química , Coloides/química , Dendrímeros/síntese química , Dendrímeros/química , Portadores de Fármacos/síntese química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Lipossomos/síntese química , Lipossomos/química , Micelas , Polímeros/síntese química , Polímeros/química , Tensoativos/síntese química , Tensoativos/químicaRESUMO
The aggregation behavior of the cationic-rich side of a sugar-based tricatenar catanionic mixture was investigated in water, and it was shown that the excess of cationic sugar-based surfactant enhanced vesicle stability as well as encapsulation properties. Moreover, when the system was diluted, the vesicular solution collapsed into a lamellar phase, whereas, when it was concentrated, no major impact on the shape and stability of the aggregates was observed. We also showed that both an increase in temperature and the addition of salt induced reversible vesicle aggregation, which appeared to be salt-specific, following the direct order of the Hofmeister series. A proper adjustment of these parameters should then enable better control of the shape, stability, and even encapsulation ability of the aggregates formed by these tricatenar cationic/anionic mixtures.
RESUMO
A new sugar-derived tricatenar catanionic surfactant (TriCat) was developed to obtain stable vesicles that could be exploited for drug encapsulation. The presence of the sugar moiety led to the formation of highly hydrophilic stoichiometric catanionic surfactant systems. The three hydrophobic chains permitted vesicles to form spontaneously. The self-assembly properties (morphology, size, and stability) of TriCat were examined in water and in buffer solution. Encapsulation studies of a hydrophilic probe, arbutin, commonly used in cosmetics for its whitening properties, were performed to check the impermeability of the vesicle bilayer. The enhancement of hydrophobic forces by the three chains of TriCat prevented surfactant equilibrium between the bilayer and the solution and enabled the probe to be retained in the aqueous cavity of the vesicles for at least 30 h. Thus, the present study suggests that this tricatenar catanionic surfactant could be a promising delivery system for hydrophilic drugs.