Quantification of Phytochemicals and Metal Ions as well as the Determination of Volatile Compounds, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antacid Activities of the Mimosa pudica L. Leaf: Exploration of Neglected and Under-Utilized Part.

Mimosa pudica L. (MP) is well-known plant in traditional medicinal system, especially in India. Unfortunately, leaves of MP are less explored. To determine the food and nutritional value of the neglected part of Mimosa pudica L. (MP), that is MP leaves, phytochemicals and metal ions of MP were quantified by newly developed HPLC and ICPOES-based methods. The content of phytochemicals observed using HPLC analysis for chlorogenic acid, catechin, and epicatechin was 141.823 (±8.171), 666.621 (±11.432), and 293.175 (±12.743) µg/g, respectively. Using GC/MS/MS analysis, fatty acid like oleic acid were identified. In ICP-OES analysis, a significant content of Na, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn was observed. The observed TPC and TFC for MP leaf extracts was 44.327 (±1.041) mg GAE/ g of wt. and 214.217 (±4.372) mg QCE/ g of wt., respectively. The DPPH assay depicted a strong antioxidant activity of MP leaf extracts with IC50 values of 0.796 (±0.081) mg/mL and a TEAC value of 0.0356 (±0.0003). A significant antacid activity (666 mg MP+400 mg CaCO3 >400 mg CaCO3 ≫666 mg Gelusil) of MP leaves was noticed. The methanolic extract of MP leaves demonstrated anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (15±2mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12±2mm) and Escherichia coli (10±2mm). In silico studies confirmed the in vitro results obtained for antioxidant, antiacid, and anti-microbial activities. In addition, in silico studies revealed the anti-cancerous and anti-inflammatory potential of the MP leaves. In summary, this study demonstrated the medicinal significance of MP leaves and the conversion of agro-waste or the under-utilized part of MP into pharmaceutical potent materials. Consequently, the present study highlighted that MP leaves alone have medicinal importance with good nutritional utility and possess large promise in the pharma industry along with improving bio-valorization and the environment.

Topical application of Jatyadi Ghrita and Jatyadi Taila accelerates wound healing in Sprague-Dawley rats: a study in gamma-radiation-induced skin wound model.

PURPOSE: Radiation-induced skin wounds/dermatitis can occur due to therapeutic, occupational, or accidental exposure to ionizing radiation. This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of standardized Ayurvedic formulations [Jatyadi ghrita (JG) and Jatyadi taila (JT)] against 60Co-γ-radiation-induced acute skin wounds in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Animal's [Sprague-Dawley rats (200 ± 20 g)] flanked skin was locally exposed to 45 Gy radiation (R45Gy) in Cobalt-60-teletherapy unit (Bhabhatron) to generate radiation wounds. JG and JT were applied topically twice daily on wounds from day 14 onwards after appearance of moist desquamation and wound healing efficacy was observed for a period of 42 days. RESULTS: R45Gy induced significant time dependent changes in rat's skin with erythema on day 7 followed by dry and moist desquamation. JG and JT application significantly (p < .001) reduced skin damage score, wound area (92% and 97% respectively on day 42), and bacterial load, when compared with R45Gy and showed better efficacy than sucralfate and betamethasone (positive controls). Formulations significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant defenses, reduced inflammatory infiltrates and collagen fibers deposition as evident by decreased myeloperoxidase and hydroxyproline levels, and also reduced transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1) expression. Further, histology revealed reduced epidermal hyperplasia and dermal thinning with improved densities of hair follicles. Formulations were found to be nontoxic on 28 days application. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that JG and JT accelerated wound healing in irradiated skin tissue by faster re-epithelialization; reducing inflammation, collagen fibers deposition, and TGF-ß1 expression, indicated their potential human application in countering radiation wounds.

Application of Spectroscopic and Chromatographic Methods for Chemical Characterization of an Ayurvedic Herbo-Mineral Preparation: Maha Yograja Guggulu.

Rasa Shastra is an exclusive branch of ayurveda that uses processed metals and minerals in various combinations. Though the formulations are time tested, safety and quality concerns are being raised since the past two decades. In view of this, it becomes mandatory to generate quality control profiles of such formulations by following available parameters. Considering this, we attempted to develop standard manufacturing procedures of Maha Yogaraja Guggulu and generate preliminary physicochemical profiles using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The results from high-performance thin-layer chromatography revealed presence of organic constituents from plant material. X-ray diffraction indicated that the prepared drug contained cinnabar (mercury sulfide; Rasa sindhura), cassiterite (tin oxide; Vanga bhasma), litharge (lead oxide; Naga bhasma), and iron dioxide and magnetite (di-iron oxide; Loha and Mandura bhasma). The observations of the present study are preliminary and first of its kind that may be considered as baseline data for future studies.