Diagnosing and staging epithelial ovarian cancer by serum glycoproteomic profiling.

BACKGROUND: There is a need for diagnostic tests for screening, triaging and staging of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Glycoproteomics of blood samples has shown promise for biomarker discovery. METHODS: We applied glycoproteomics to serum of people with EOC or benign pelvic masses and healthy controls. A total of 653 analytes were quantified and assessed in multivariable models, which were tested in an independent cohort. Additionally, we analyzed glycosylation patterns in serum markers and in tissues. RESULTS: We identified a biomarker panel that distinguished benign lesions from EOC with sensitivity and specificity of 83.5% and 90.1% in the training set, and of 86.7 and 86.7% in the test set, respectively. ROC analysis demonstrated strong performance across a range of cutoffs. Fucosylated multi-antennary glycopeptide markers were higher in late-stage than in early-stage EOC. A comparable pattern was found in late-stage EOC tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Blood glycopeptide biomarkers have the potential to distinguish benign from malignant pelvic masses, and early- from late-stage EOC. Glycosylation of circulating and tumor tissue proteins may be related. This study supports the hypothesis that blood glycoproteomic profiling can be used for EOC diagnosis and staging and it warrants further clinical evaluation.

Intensive Longitudinal Assessment of Adolescents to Predict Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents. However, there are no clinical tools to detect proximal risk for suicide. METHOD: Participants included 13- to 18-year-old adolescents (N = 103) reporting a current depressive, anxiety, and/or substance use disorder who owned a smartphone; 62% reported current suicidal ideation, with 25% indicating a past-year attempt. At baseline, participants were administered clinical interviews to assess lifetime disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Self-reports assessing symptoms and suicide risk factors also were obtained. In addition, the Effortless Assessment of Risk States (EARS) app was installed on adolescent smartphones to acquire daily mood and weekly suicidal ideation severity during the 6-month follow-up period. Adolescents completed STB and psychiatric service use interviews at the 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up assessments. RESULTS: K-means clustering based on aggregates of weekly suicidal ideation scores resulted in a 3-group solution reflecting high-risk (n = 26), medium-risk (n = 47), and low-risk (n = 30) groups. Of the high-risk group, 58% reported suicidal events (ie, suicide attempts, psychiatric hospitalizations, emergency department visits, ideation severity requiring an intervention) during the 6-month follow-up period. For participants in the high-risk and medium-risk groups (n = 73), mood disturbances in the preceding 7 days predicted clinically significant ideation, with a 1-SD decrease in mood doubling participants' likelihood of reporting clinically significant ideation on a given week. CONCLUSION: Intensive longitudinal assessment through use of personal smartphones offers a feasible method to assess variability in adolescents' emotional experiences and suicide risk. Translating these tools into clinical practice may help to reduce the needless loss of life among adolescents.

Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients.

BACKGROUND: Given low base rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) in national samples of adolescents, clarifying the sociodemographic and clinical correlates among psychiatric inpatients may afford insights into potential risk factors that predict STBs onset. METHOD: Adolescents (N = 970; ages 12-19 years) admitted for acute, psychiatric inpatient care completed baseline clinical interviews and self-report measures assessing demographics and early life adversity. Lifetime and 12-month STBs prevalence were obtained, allowing for the estimate of STBs persistence (i.e., rates of those with both current and past STBs) and transition rates (i.e., proportion of ideators that transition to plans or attempts). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression tested sociodemographic and clinical correlates of STBs. RESULTS: Age-of-onset for STBs occurred in early adolescence. Most patients reported suicide ideation with nearly half of patients making a plan and one-third a suicide attempt. Although relatively modest, the strongest correlates of lifetime attempts were depressive disorders, physical abuse, and non-suicidal self-injury. Knowing a peer that had attempted suicide also increased the likelihood of a suicide attempt, especially among attempters who transitioned from ideation to planned attempts. CONCLUSION: STBs are highly prevalent among adolescents admitted for acute psychiatric inpatient treatment. The modest effects suggest that correlates, particularly those related to suicide attempts, are widely distributed. As a history of physical abuse and knowing a peer with a suicide attempt history are related to transitioning from ideation to action, these may be critical factors to target in the deployment of future suicide prevention and treatment programs. HIGHLIGHTSOne-third of adolescent inpatients report a lifetime history of suicide attempts.Approximately 65% of adolescent inpatients with a lifetime plan attempt suicide.Knowing peers who attempt suicide may facilitate the transition from ideation to action.

Geolocation features differentiate healthy from remitted depressed adults.

Depression recurrence is debilitating, and there is a pressing need to develop clinical tools that detect the reemergence of symptoms with the aim of bridging patients to treatment before recurrences. At baseline, remitted depressed adults (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 24) were administered clinical interviews and completed self-report symptom measures. Then, smartphone apps were installed on personal smartphones to acquire geolocation data over 21 days and ecological momentary assessment of positive and negative affect during the initial 14-day period. Compared with healthy controls, remitted depressed adults exhibited reduced circadian routine (regularity of one's daily routine) and lower average daily distance traveled. Further, reduced distance traveled associated with greater daily negative affect after controlling for depression severity; however, this effect was not more pronounced among remitted adults. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression indicated that a linear combination of circadian routine, average distance traveled, and baseline depression severity classified remitted depressed individuals with 72% accuracy; outperforming models restricted to either geolocation or clinical measures alone. Mobile sensing approaches hold enormous promise to improve clinical care for depressive disorders. Although barriers remain, leveraging technological advancements related to real-time monitoring can improve treatment for depressed patients and potentially, reduce high rates of recurrence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).