Associations of blood pressure with body composition among Afro-Caribbean children in Barbados.

UNLABELLED: Despite complex presentation of adult hypertension and a concomitant obesity epidemic, little is known about overweight in relation to blood pressure among Caribbean children. We examined blood pressure in relation to body size in a cross-sectional study of 573 Barbadian children aged 9-10 years (2010-2011). The United States normative blood pressure percentiles were used to identify children with high (≥95th percentile) or high normal blood pressure (90th-95th percentile). The World Health Organization body mass index cut-off points were used to assess weight status. MAJOR FINDINGS: Thirty percent of children were overweight/obese. Percentage fat mass differed between girls (20.4%) and boys (17.72%) (p<0.05). Mean systolic blood pressure among girls was 106.11 (95% CI 105.05, 107.17) mmHg and 105.23 (104.09, 106.38) for boys. The percentages with high or high-normal mean systolic blood pressure were 14.38% (10.47, 18.29) for girls and 8.08% (4.74, 11.41) for boys. Height and body mass index were independent correlates of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Mean systolic blood pressure was related to lean mass but not fat mass, while diastolic blood pressure was associated with fat mass index and overweight. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSION: One third of 9-10 year old children in Barbados were overweight/obese and 12% had elevated mean systolic blood pressure. BP was related to body size. These findings signal potential adverse trends in weight gain and BP trends for children growing up in the context of a country that has recently undergone rapid economic transition.

HIV infection among children in Barbados

We studied a cohort of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Barbados in order to determine the prevalence of HIV infection, the clinical course including morbidity and mortality and the magnitude of the health care and social problems. Forty-seven children were diagnosed with HIV infection during the study period. The number of HIV infected children increased from 5 during 1981-85, to 14 during 1986-90, and 21 during 1991-95 period. The majority (91.5 percent) of infections resulted from perinatal transmission. Six (12.8 percent) cases remained asymptomatic and 41 (87.2 percent) were symptomatic with 19 (46.3 percent) presenting in infancy, while 22 (53.5 percent) presented post-infancy. The median age at diagnosis (class P-2) was 13 months. Generalized lymphadenopathy (47.5 percent), hepatosplenomegaly (40.0 percent), failure to thrive (27.5 percent), persistent recurrent diarrhoea (15.0 percent), oral candidiasis (37.5 percent), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (37.5 percent), lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (12.5 percent) and progressive neurological disease (10.0 percent) were common among HIV related conditions. Two children developed non-hodgkin's lymphoma. The median age at death for 23 children was 12 months, whereas the median survival after diagnosis was 4 months. Mortality was higher among those diagnosed in infancy (73.7 percent) as compared to those diagnosed post-infancy (42.8 percent). Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the most common (65.2 percent) cause of death. Paediatric HIV infection is rising and contributes considerably to infant mortality. In this study, children took longer to be symptomatic when compared to other reports. However, once symptomatic, they died early.

Congenital solitary non-parasitic cyst of the liver

Although non-parasitic cysts of the liver have often been described in adults, solitary non-parasitic cysts are rare in infants. We report a 17-month-old child with a large hepatic cyst

Acute purulent pericarditis in children caused by haemophilus influenzae

Acute purulent pericarditis caused by haemophilus influenzae is an unusual condition, especially in childhood. In most cases, respiratory symptoms are the presenting features, and children aged less than 4 years are most often affected. A high index of suspicion and aggresive micorbiological and cardiological evaluation are often warranted to make an early diagnosis. We herein reported two cases of pericarditis caused by H. influenzae in children aged less than two years. Pericardiocentesis was performed in each case. Early recognition, rapid diagnosis and aggressive medical and surgical therapy are paramount in the successful treatment of this condition.