RESUMO
Though conceptually attractive, the use of water-soluble prodrug technology to enhance oral bioavailability of highly insoluble small molecule therapeutics has not been widely adopted. In large part, this is due to the rapid enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis of prodrugs within the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in drug precipitation and no overall improvement in oral bioavailability relative to standard formulation strategies. We reasoned that an optimal water-soluble prodrug could be attained if the rate of prodrug hydrolysis were reduced to favor drug absorption rather than drug precipitation. In doing so, the rate of hydrolysis provides a pharmacokinetic control point for drug delivery. Herein, we report the discovery of a water-soluble promoiety (Sol-moiety) technology to optimize the oral bioavailability of highly insoluble small molecule therapeutics, possessing various functional groups, without the need for sophisticated, often toxic, lipid or organic solvent-based formulations. The power of the technology is demonstrated with marked pharmacokinetic improvement of the commercial drugs enzalutamide, vemurafenib, and paclitaxel. This led to a successful efficacy study of a water-soluble orally administered prodrug of paclitaxel in a mouse pancreatic tumor model.
Assuntos
Disponibilidade Biológica , Pró-Fármacos , Solubilidade , Água , Pró-Fármacos/farmacocinética , Pró-Fármacos/administração & dosagem , Pró-Fármacos/química , Animais , Administração Oral , Camundongos , Água/química , Humanos , Paclitaxel/farmacocinética , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Hidrólise , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , FemininoRESUMO
Dihydropacidamycins having an antibacterial spectrum modified from that of the natural product pacidamycins and mureidomycins have been synthesized. Synthetic dihydropacidamycins with noteworthy antibacterial activity against wild-type and resistant Escherichia coli have been identified (MIC=4-8 microg/mL). Some dihydropacidamycins are shown to have activity against multi-resistant clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Compounds of this class are inhibitors of the cell wall biosynthetic enzyme, MraY.