A new instrument to personalize ovarian stimulation: results of the CERES study after using a novel gonadotropin - follitropin delta.

: Objective: The aim of the study CERES (CzEch REkovelle real life Study) was to gather experience with the use of a novel gonadotrophine, to evaluate the efficacy of follitropin delta in Czech clinical settings and to compare our results with the clinical trial ESTHER-1. METHODS: Individualized follitropin delta daily dose in µg based on the patient's anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level and body weight (AMH < 15 pmol/ L: 12 µg/ d; AMH > 15 pmol/ L: 0.10­0.19 µg/ kg/ d; max. 2 µg/ d). RESULTS: A total of 85 women (aged 24-42 years) was included in the study. The average patients age was 32.9 years, the average body weight was 67.8 kg, and the mean level of AMH was 23.2 pmol/ L. There were initiated 85 controlled ovarian stimulations with follitropin delta and 84 egg collections. Forty patients (47%) had optimal number of retrieved eggs (8-14), 75 patients (88%) had embryotransfer, 10 patients (12%) had no embryo suitable for transfer, 65 patients had single embryo transfer and 10 patients had 2 embryos for transfer. There were reported 37 clinical pregnancies (43.5% cPR - clinical pregnancy rate), 30 live births (35.3% LBR - live birth rate), 3 (3.5%) early moderate ovarian hyperstimulation syndroms (OHSS) and no hospitalization due to the treatment. CONCLUSION: Individualized ovarian stimulation optimizes ovarian response, maintains treatment efficacy and improves safety by reducing OHSS incidence. The results of the Czech population study are fully comparable with the international, randomized, assessor-blinded trial ESTHER-1.

Mapping solar magnetic fields from the photosphere to the base of the corona.

Routine ultraviolet imaging of the Sun's upper atmosphere shows the spectacular manifestation of solar activity; yet, we remain blind to its main driver, the magnetic field. Here, we report unprecedented spectropolarimetric observations of an active region plage and its surrounding enhanced network, showing circular polarization in ultraviolet (Mg ii h & k and Mn i) and visible (Fe i) lines. We infer the longitudinal magnetic field from the photosphere to the very upper chromosphere. At the top of the plage chromosphere, the field strengths reach more than 300 G, strongly correlated with the Mg ii k line core intensity and the electron pressure. This unique mapping shows how the magnetic field couples the different atmospheric layers and reveals the magnetic origin of the heating in the plage chromosphere.

[Exile of Czechoslovak physicians to Sweden after 1968]. / Exil ceskoslovenských lékaru do Svédska po roce 1968.

The article describes the situation of the Czechoslovak exile, especially the exile of physicians to Sweden. Many of Czechoslovak physicians decided to emigrate due to their political attitudes. Majority of them left Czechoslovakia after the invasion of Warsaw Pact armies in 1968. The top of the exile wave was shortly after August 1968 and during 1969. Most of the people escaped from Czechoslovakia via Austria, where they asked for political asylum. Part of the emigrants had to spend some months in the refugee camps and during this time they tried to get visa to other European or non European countries. One of target countries for medical emigrants was also Sweden. In the 60th Sweden had deficiency in physicians and the wave of Czechoslovak emigration was convenient for Swedish Ministry of Health. The group of emigrants consisted of experts from hospitals or graduated medical students. In Sweden they had to attend special courses of Swedish medical language, Swedish medical law and social medicine. If they had medical training shorter than three years, they had to attend special courses also in internal medicine, surgery and psychiatry. After one year of service in northern part of Sweden, where there was a lack of physicians, they could choose hospital, where they wanted to work. Czechoslovak physicians were very successful in the Swedish medical system and also well accepted in the Swedish society as other exulants from Czechoslovakia. Key words: Czechoslovak exile to Sweden, political asylum 1968-1968.