Characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU in a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil - study protocol.

OBJECTIVES: We designed a cohort study to describe characteristics and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in the largest public hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil, as Latin America becomes the epicenter of the pandemic. METHODS: This is the protocol for a study being conducted at an academic hospital in Brazil with 300 adult ICU beds dedicated to COVID-19 patients. We will include adult patients admitted to the ICU with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 during the study period. The main outcome is ICU survival at 28 days. Data will be collected prospectively and retrospectively by trained investigators from the hospital's electronic medical records, using an electronic data capture tool. We will collect data on demographics, comorbidities, severity of disease, and laboratorial test results at admission. Information on the need for advanced life support and ventilator parameters will be collected during ICU stay. Patients will be followed up for 28 days in the ICU and 60 days in the hospital. We will plot Kaplan-Meier curves to estimate ICU and hospital survival and perform survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model to identify the main risk factors for mortality. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04378582. RESULTS: We expect to include a large sample of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU and to be able to provide data on admission characteristics, use of advanced life support, ICU survival at 28 days, and hospital survival at 60 days. CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide epidemiological data about critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Brazil, which could inform health policy and resource allocation in low- and middle-income countries.

Characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU in a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil - study protocol

OBJECTIVES: We designed a cohort study to describe characteristics and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in the largest public hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil, as Latin America becomes the epicenter of the pandemic. METHODS: This is the protocol for a study being conducted at an academic hospital in Brazil with 300 adult ICU beds dedicated to COVID-19 patients. We will include adult patients admitted to the ICU with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 during the study period. The main outcome is ICU survival at 28 days. Data will be collected prospectively and retrospectively by trained investigators from the hospital's electronic medical records, using an electronic data capture tool. We will collect data on demographics, comorbidities, severity of disease, and laboratorial test results at admission. Information on the need for advanced life support and ventilator parameters will be collected during ICU stay. Patients will be followed up for 28 days in the ICU and 60 days in the hospital. We will plot Kaplan-Meier curves to estimate ICU and hospital survival and perform survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model to identify the main risk factors for mortality. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04378582. RESULTS: We expect to include a large sample of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU and to be able to provide data on admission characteristics, use of advanced life support, ICU survival at 28 days, and hospital survival at 60 days. CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide epidemiological data about critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Brazil, which could inform health policy and resource allocation in low- and middle-income countries.

Desenvolvimento do mapa estratégico como diretriz de gestão em serviço de fisioterapia hospitalar / Development of a strategic map as a management guideline in hospital-based physiotherapy

Trata-se de um relato de caso abordando a experiência de um projeto de gestão desenvolvido na Divisão de Fisioterapia do Instituto Central do Hospital das Clí­nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. A gestão de serviços de saúde é complexa e desafiadora, devido a fatores como as constantes transformações tecnológicas e terapêuticas, aumento da população idosa e de doenças crônicas, escassez de recursos e carência de gestão eficiente nas organizações. A definição de objetivos, estratégias e instrumentos de monitoramento para direcionar a organização e promover qualidade são determinantes nas ações gerenciais e no desempenho estratégico da empresa. Neste contexto, o projeto objetivou construir um mapa estratégico considerando o Balanced ScoreCard como diretriz gerencial e instrumento de análise do desempenho da Divisão de Fisioterapia. Reuniões estruturadas com membros da liderança de fisioterapia foram realizadas para definir a visão do futuro e objetivos estratégicos a médio e longo prazo, idealizados pela Divisão de Fisioterapia, tendo como base as perspectivas do Balanced ScoreCard, aprendizado e crescimento, processos internos, clientes, sustentabilidade financeira e social. O mapa estratégico foi construí­do em uma representação gráfica permitindo fácil compreensão da visão do futuro e objetivos estratégicos que irão direcionar o comportamento e o desempenho da Divisão de Fisioterapia, nos próximos anos. Além de direcionar as ações de melhorias da Divisão, o mapa estratégico elaborado também apresenta caracterí­sticas marcantes de alinhamento com o mapa estratégico institucional. (AU)

This is a case report addressing a management project developed in the Physiotherapy Division of the Central Institute of Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo. Managing health services is complex and challenging due to factors such as constant technological and therapeutic changes, increase in the elderly population and chronic diseases, scarcity of resources, and lack of efficient organizational management. The definition of objectives, strategies, and monitoring tools to direct the organization and promote quality help to determine managerial actions and the strategic performance of the service. In this context, this project aimed to build a strategic map using the Balanced Scorecard as a managerial guideline and instrument of performance analysis for the Physiotherapy Division. Structured meetings with members of the physiotherapy leadership team were held to define the vision for the future and strategic medium - and long-term objectives. The strategic map was built as a graphical representation, allowing for easy understanding of the vision for the future and strategic objectives that will guide the behavior and performance of the Physiotherapy Division in the coming years. In addition to directing the improvement actions of the division, the strategic map also presents striking instances of alignment with the institutional strategic map.(AU)

Comparação de custos em diferentes processos de abastecimento de materiais de fisioterapia respiratória em um hospital público de porte extra / Costs comparison in different supply processes of respiratory physiotherapy materials in an extra public hospital

INTRODUÇÃO: Todos os anos, milhões de dólares são gastos para equipar e manter os centros de esterilização hospitalar no mundo. Materiais de terapia respiratória são essenciais para o suporte de vida e têm um grande impacto nas complicações clínicas. Fornecer materiais de terapia respiratória com higiene apropriada em um hospital é um desafio para os gestores devido ao impacto clínico e de custos. OBJETIVO: Comparar os custos de diferentes métodos de abastecimento de materiais de fisioterapia respiratória em um hospital geral, de porte extra, terciário e público. MÉTODOS: Consistiu em um estudo observacional, baseado em revisão documental e análise crítica de indicadores de gestão hospitalar, e analisou materiais utilizados em fisioterapia respiratória, classificados como semicríticos, incluindo ressuscitador manual, nebulizador, kit para pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas, circuito ventilatório para ventilação mecânica não invasiva e invasiva. RESULTADOS: Comparado ao processo de aquisição de materiais descartáveis, o processo de abastecimento no Centro de Material e Esterilização (CME) institucional gera uma economia anual com valores calculados em US$ 289.679,26; em comparação com o CME terceirizado, o processo de suprimento no CME institucional economiza um montante de US$ 257.041,11 por ano. CONCLUSÃO: Este foi o primeiro estudo brasileiro a realizar uma análise de custos nesse contexto. O processo de abastecimento com a higienização de materiais de fisioterapia respiratória na CME-INST mostrou-se mais vantajoso com menores custos quando comparado ao processo de abastecimento com higienização na CME-EXT ou custo de aquisição de MD. A economia anual estimada considerando o consumo médio mensal neste estudo ultrapassou US$ 250.000,00. A análise de custos detalhada fornece informações cruciais e pode permitir uma melhor gestão financeira. [AU]

INTRODUCTION: Every year millions of dollars are expended to equip and maintain the hospital sterilization centers in the world. Respiratory therapy materials are essential to life support, and have a major impact on clinical complications. To provide respiratory therapy materials with appropriate hygiene in a hospital is a challenge for manager due to clinical and costs impact. OBJECTIVE: To compare costs of different methods of providing respiratory therapy materials in a general, extra, tertiary and public hospital. METHODS: It consisted of an observational study, based on document review and critical analysis of hospital management indicators, and analyzed materials used in respiratory therapy, classified as semi-critical products, including manual resuscitator, nebulizer, kit for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), ventilatory circuit for non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: Compared to the supply process of disposable materials acquisition, the supply process in the Institutional Central Sterilization Supply Department generates an annual savings with values calculated at US$ 289,679.26; while compared to the Outsourced Central Sterilization Supply Department the supply process in the Institutional Central Sterilization Supply Department saves an amount of US$ 257,041.11 annually. CONCLUSION: This was the first Brazilian study to conduct a cost analysis in this context. The supply process with the cleaning of respiratory physiotherapy materials in the Institutional Central Sterilization Supply Department was more advantageous with lower costs when compared to the Outsourced Central Sterilization Supply Department or cost of acquisition of disposable materials. The annual savings estimated considering the average monthly consumption in this study exceeded US $ 250,000.00. Detailed cost analysis provides crucial information and can enable better financial management. [AU]

Efeito da obesidade na função pulmonar de uma coorte de adolescentes de São Paulo / The effects of obesity on pulmonary function of adolescents in a group of São Paulo

Alterações funcionais pulmonares têm sido amplamente demonstradas em adultos obesos. Em populações pediátricas esses dados são limitados e conflitantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi contrastar a função pulmonar de adolescentes obesos com eutróficos de uma população local. Este foi um estudo caso-controle envolvendo 14 adolescentes obesos (GO) e 18 adolescentes eutróficos (GE). Espirometria forçada e pressões respiratórias máximas foram obtidas dos voluntários. Nenhuma anormalidade foi observada entre os GO e GE em relação ao volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (2,5 ± 0,12 L vs. 2,5 ± 0,13 L, p > 0,05) e para capacidade vital forçada (CVF) (2,73 ± 0,2 L vs. 2,85 ± 0,1 L, p = 0,09), respectivamente. Da mesma forma, para os valores de pressões inspiratórias máxima (PImáx) (94,0 ± 9,54 cmH2O vs. 96,1 ± 11,2 cmH2O, p > 0,05) e pressões expiratórias máximas (PEmáx) (94,2 ± 9,5 cmH2O vs. 99,8 ± 9,4 cmH2O, p = 0,08). Embora houvesse uma tendência do GO apresentar valores inferiores de CVF e PEmáx e também de PImáx quando comparados aos do GE, estes ainda estiveram dentro dos valores previstos.

In obese adults pulmonary function abnormalities are well reported. Similar data in the paediatric population are limited and conflicting. This study aimed to assess the effects of adolescent obesity on pulmonary function. It was a case-control study with 14 obese adolescents (OG) and 18 eutrophic (EG). Forced spirometry, maximal inspiratory pressures (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressures (MEP) values were obtained. There were no significance changes in values of OG and EG to forced expiratory volume in 1seg (2.5 ± 0.12 L vs. 2.5 ± 0.13 L, p > 0.05), forced vital capacity (FVC) (2.73 ± 0.2 L vs. 2.85 ± 0.1 L, p = 0.09), respectively. Similar observations were found in the MIP (94.0 ± 9.54 cmH2O vs. 96.1 ± 11.2 cmH2O, p > 0.05) and MEP values (94.2 ± 9.5 cmH2O vs. 99.8 ± 9.4 cmH2O, p = 0.08). Despite of OG has showed tendency to lower FVC and MEP and also MIP values as compared to EG, these values were within of predicted values.