Epidemiological profile and effectiveness of immediate postpartum contraception in Brazilian women.

Purpose: To determine the epidemiological profile of women who inserted copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD), subdermal etonogestrel implant (ENG), tubal ligation (TL), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or did not choose a contraceptive method (NCM) in the immediate postpartum period and compare the contraceptive effectiveness of Cu-IUD and DPMA with non-MAC. Methods: We analyzed the epidemiological profile of women who inserted copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD), subdermal etonogestrel implant (ENG), tubal ligation (TL), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or did not choose a contraceptive method (NCM) in the immediate postpartum. The data was collected by electronic medical records of postpartum women assisted at the University Hospital of São Bernardo do Campo (HMU-SBC) from January 2016 to December 2020. Also, we compared the contraceptive effectiveness of Cu-IUD and DPMA with non-MAC by identifying women who returned for second delivery during the study period and analyzing the contraceptive method chosen in the first hospitalization. Then the pregnancies interval and the sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed according to contraceptive method type. Results: Data from 20,896 women were collected, of which 8,183 (39%) opted for Cu-IUD, 559 (2.5%) DPMA, and 10,989 (52.5%) chose not to use contraception at the time of hospital discharge. When comparing these groups, women in the DPMA were younger (26.5 ± 7.3, p < 0.05), and NCM showed women with a lower number of pregnancies (2.2 ± 1.3, p < 0.05). Subjects in the TL group (4.6%) had the higher number of pregnancies (3.8 ± 1.2, p < 0.05), and ENG group, the highest number of miscarriages (1.6 ± 1.3, p < 0.05). Of those women who returned pregnant, 5.5% belonged to the DPMA group, 6% to the NCM group, and 2.3% to the Cu-IUD. Conclusions: Women who opted for Cu-IUD insertion were younger, had more pregnancies and vaginal delivery when compared to those who did not choose a method. Of those women who returned, the minority opted for Cu-IUD compared to those that opted for DPMA or no method.

Best Laboratory Screening in Diagnosing Secondary Osteoporosis and Fracture Risk Assessment Tool and the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group Performance in Determining Clinical Risk: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of the Bone Health in Postmenopausal Brazilian Women.

BACKGROUND: Identifying postmenopausal women with a high risk of having osteoporosis and fractures is a current challenge. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of biochemical tests in identifying secondary osteoporosis and the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) in identifying fracture risk. METHODS: Data from biochemical tests and bone densitometry of postmenopausal women were analyzed. Additionally, the FRAX result was obtained and the patients were classified according to the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG). RESULTS: A total of 646 women were evaluated, of whom 201 (31.1%) had osteoporosis or a previous frailty fracture. These women had statistically different parathyroid hormone (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase serum levels (p<0.01 and p=0.02, respectively) than those without osteoporosis or fracture. However, those at high risk had a higher prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (46% vs. 36%) and hypocalciuria (17% vs. 9%). The FRAX showed an area under the curve of 0.757 (p<0.01) and 0.788 (p<0.01) for identifying women at risk for "major fractures" and "hip," respectively. The NOGG categorization had a sensitivity of 19% to identify high-risk women, a specificity of 91.3% for low-risk women, with a positive predictive value of 57.4% and a negative predictive value of 64.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of PTH, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, serum calcium, and 24-hr urinary calcium proved adequate for initial osteoporosis screening. The FRAX tool has a regular ability to screen women at risk for fracture, and the NOGG method has high specificity to identify those at low risk.

Characterisation of pregnant women in a maternity hospital in Brazil who ever suffered domestic violence.

Objective: Domestic violence against women is a violation of women's rights and is a public health issue. Knowledge by all society sectors about the clinical and social characteristics of women who suffer violence is fundamental for the development of preventive actions.Methods: Data on clinical, perinatal, and socioeconomic characteristics of women attended in the municipal hospital of São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil, in 2018 and 2019 who reported ever suffering domestic violence collected and compared with to women who denied exposure to violence.Results: Marital status, schooling level, evangelical religion, drug, and tobacco use were more prevalent in women who suffered violence than those who did not. The likelihood of suffering violence was lower among pregnant women who had planned (OR 0.71), desired (OR 0.64), and accepted (0.43) pregnancy compared to those who had not planned, desired, or accepted. The average per capita income of women's neighbourhoods of origin showed an inverse correlation (R=-0.795) with the number of violence cases.Conclusion: Statistic associations suggest that the historical of having suffered from violence is more prevalent among women who planned, desired, and accepted their pregnancy, in comparison to women who denied exposure to violence. The type of religion, clinical, and social conditions of more significant vulnerability showed different levels of domestic violence.

Factors associated with reporting delays and severity of childhood sexual abuse in São Paulo, Brazil.

Negative health outcome and its relationship with length and severity of Childhood Sexual Abuse is well established in the literature. Until recently, this literature consisted disproportionately of studies of adults recalling past events. For guidelines for the treatment of childhood survivors, research focused on child victims may be more relevant. We aim to characterize factors related to long-term and severe sexual abuse among children in São Paulo, Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study of children up to the age of ten, referred to a specialty program on sexual abuse between 2004 and 2013. Length and severity of the abuse were tested for associations with variables related to the abuse using a Chi-square test, followed by the Poisson regression with robust variance for prevalence ratio. Most children experienced abuse were reliant on relatives or friends for housing (45%). The time between abuse and reporting was longer when the perpetrator lived in the same household as the child and when abuse was reported by a relative or friend. Abuse was more frequent among female children, but longer and more severe in males. A lack of independent housing, parents' education and social stigma facilitated childhood sexual abuse by delaying reporting among our sample.

Personality traits of postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction / Características de personalidade de mulheres na pós-menopausa com disfunção sexual

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study is to identify the association between personality traits of postmenopausal women and the occurrence of sexual dysfunction. Methods A total of 43 postmenopausal women were evaluated according to their self-perception of the quality of their sexual life. They answered the following questionnaires: Sociodemographic Profile Questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Factorial Personality Inventory (FPI-II). Results Women with poorer sexual self-perception showed low affective need (p< 0.01) and low need for organization (p< 0.01). Based on the need for control and opposition, there was no difference between the groups. Groups separated by the scores obtained on the FSFI showed no significant differences. Conclusion Postmenopausal women with lower schooling and personality characteristics that demonstrate low affective and organizational needs are more likely to present sexual dysfunction.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a associação entre características de personalidade de mulheres na pós-menopausa e ocorrência de disfunção sexual. Método No total, 43 mulheres na pós-menopausa foram avaliadas de acordo com suas percepções da qualidade de suas vidas sexuais. Elas responderam aos seguintes questionários: Perfil Sociodemográfico, Índice de Função Sexual Feminino (FSFI, na sigla em inglês), Inventário de Depressão Beck (BDI, na sigla em inglês) e Inventário Fatorial de Personalidade (IFP-II). Resultados Mulheres com pior percepção sexual demonstraram baixa necessidade afetiva (p< 0,01) e baixa necessidade de organização (p< 0,01). Com base na necessidade de controle e oposição, não houve diferença entre os grupos. Os grupos de mulheres separadas pelo FSFI não demonstraram diferenças significativas. Conclusão Mulheres na pós-menopausa com menor escolaridade e características de personalidade que demonstre baixa necessidade afetiva e de organização possuem maior chance de apresentar disfunção sexual.

Personality Traits of Postmenopausal Women with Sexual Dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to identify the association between personality traits of postmenopausal women and the occurrence of sexual dysfunction. METHODS: A total of 43 postmenopausal women were evaluated according to their self-perception of the quality of their sexual life. They answered the following questionnaires: Sociodemographic Profile Questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Factorial Personality Inventory (FPI-II). RESULTS: Women with poorer sexual self-perception showed low affective need (p < 0.01) and low need for organization (p < 0.01). Based on the need for control and opposition, there was no difference between the groups. Groups separated by the scores obtained on the FSFI showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal women with lower schooling and personality characteristics that demonstrate low affective and organizational needs are more likely to present sexual dysfunction.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a associação entre características de personalidade de mulheres na pós-menopausa e ocorrência de disfunção sexual. MéTODO: No total, 43 mulheres na pós-menopausa foram avaliadas de acordo com suas percepções da qualidade de suas vidas sexuais. Elas responderam aos seguintes questionários: Perfil Sociodemográfico, Índice de Função Sexual Feminino (FSFI, na sigla em inglês), Inventário de Depressão Beck (BDI, na sigla em inglês) e Inventário Fatorial de Personalidade (IFP-II). RESULTADOS: Mulheres com pior percepção sexual demonstraram baixa necessidade afetiva (p < 0,01) e baixa necessidade de organização (p < 0,01). Com base na necessidade de controle e oposição, não houve diferença entre os grupos. Os grupos de mulheres separadas pelo FSFI não demonstraram diferenças significativas. CONCLUSãO: Mulheres na pós-menopausa com menor escolaridade e características de personalidade que demonstre baixa necessidade afetiva e de organização possuem maior chance de apresentar disfunção sexual.

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial for evaluating the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser compared with topical estriol in the treatment of vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy of fractional CO2 vaginal laser treatment (Laser, L) and compare it to local estrogen therapy (Estriol, E) and the combination of both treatments (Laser + Estriol, LE) in the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). METHODS: A total of 45 postmenopausal women meeting inclusion criteria were randomized in L, E, or LE groups. Assessments at baseline, 8 and 20 weeks, were conducted using Vaginal Health Index (VHI), Visual Analog Scale for VVA symptoms (dyspareunia, dryness, and burning), Female Sexual Function Index, and maturation value (MV) of Meisels. RESULTS: Forty-five women were included and 3 women were lost to follow-up. VHI average score was significantly higher at weeks 8 and 20 in all study arms. At week 20, the LE arm also showed incremental improvement of VHI score (P = 0.01). L and LE groups showed a significant improvement of dyspareunia, burning, and dryness, and the E arm only of dryness (P < 0.001). LE group presented significant improvement of total Female Sex Function Index (FSFI) score (P = 0.02) and individual domains of pain, desire, and lubrication. In contrast, the L group showed significant worsening of pain domain in FSFI (P = 0.04), but FSFI total scores were comparable in all treatment arms at week 20. CONCLUSIONS: CO2 vaginal laser alone or in combination with topical estriol is a good treatment option for VVA symptoms. Sexual-related pain with vaginal laser treatment might be of concern.

Evaluation of Quality of life, Physical Activity and Nutritional Profile of Postmenopausal Women with and without Vitamin D Deficiency / Qualidade de vida, atividade física e perfil nutricional de mulheres na pós-menopausa com e sem deficiência de vitamina D

Abstract Introduction Vitamin D deficiency is associated with various diseases. Prevalent in Brazil, it can result from inadequate lifestyle habits. Objective To demonstrate that postmenopausal women with vitamin D deficiency have worse quality of health, expressed as worse quality of life, lower levels of physical activity, and worse nutritional profile. Methods Postmenopausal women answered questionnaires about physical activity and quality of life, provided a 24-hour food record, and had serum vitamin D levels measured. Results Among the more active women, those who perform a daily average of one hour of physical activity had vitamin D levels above 20 ng/mL (76.9%), and those, which expose themselves to sunlight, had vitamin D levels above 30 ng/mL (34.6%). Meanwhile the percentages for the women who are less physically active and less exposed to sunlight were 42.2% and 8.9% respectively. Being more active and more exposed to sunlight resulted in a lower fat percentage. Serum vitamin D levels were not correlated with quality of life. Conclusion Walking and gardening increased serum vitamin D levels and decreased the percentage of body fat. The limitations of the study prevented the impact of 25hidroxyvitamin D on the quality of life and nutritional aspects of the women from being evaluated.

Resumo Introdução A deficiência de vitamina D está associada a diversas doenças. Prevalente no Brasil, pode ser consequência de hábitos de vida inadequados. Objetivo Demonstrar que mulheres na pós-menopausa com hipovitaminose D têm pior qualidade de saúde, expressa por piores qualidade de vida, nível de atividade física e perfil nutricional. Métodos Mulheres na pós-menopausa responderam a questionários sobre atividade física, qualidade de vida, registro alimentar de 24 horas, e tiveram os níveis séricos de vitamina D medidos. Resultados Dentre as mulheres mais ativas, as que praticam em média 1 hora de atividade por dia apresentaram níveis de vitamina D superiores a 20 ng/mL (76,9%), e as que se expõem ao sol apresentaram níveis acima de 30 ng/mL (34,6 %). Já as mulheres menos ativas e menos expostas ao sol apresentaram respectivamente 42,2 % e 8,9%. Ser mais ativa e ter maior exposição solar significou ter menor percentual de gordura. O nível sérico de vitamina D não mostrou relação com a qualidade de vida. Conclusão Caminhada e jardinagem aumentam os níveis séricos de vitamina D e diminuem o percentual de gordura corpórea. As limitações do estudo não permitiram avaliar o impacto da 25-hidróxi-vitamina D na qualidade de vida e nos aspectos nutricionais das mulheres.

Evaluation of Quality of life, Physical Activity and Nutritional Profile of Postmenopausal Women with and without Vitamin D Deficiency.

Introduction Vitamin D deficiency is associated with various diseases. Prevalent in Brazil, it can result from inadequate lifestyle habits. Objective To demonstrate that postmenopausal women with vitamin D deficiency have worse quality of health, expressed as worse quality of life, lower levels of physical activity, and worse nutritional profile. Methods Postmenopausal women answered questionnaires about physical activity and quality of life, provided a 24-hour food record, and had serum vitamin D levels measured. Results Among the more active women, those who perform a daily average of one hour of physical activity had vitamin D levels above 20 ng/mL (76.9%), and those, which expose themselves to sunlight, had vitamin D levels above 30 ng/mL (34.6%). Meanwhile the percentages for the women who are less physically active and less exposed to sunlight were 42.2% and 8.9% respectively. Being more active and more exposed to sunlight resulted in a lower fat percentage. Serum vitamin D levels were not correlated with quality of life. Conclusion Walking and gardening increased serum vitamin D levels and decreased the percentage of body fat. The limitations of the study prevented the impact of 25-hidroxyvitamin D on the quality of life and nutritional aspects of the women from being evaluated.

Introdução A deficiência de vitamina D está associada a diversas doenças. Prevalente no Brasil, pode ser consequência de hábitos de vida inadequados. Objetivo Demonstrar que mulheres na pós-menopausa com hipovitaminose D têm pior qualidade de saúde, expressa por piores qualidade de vida, nível de atividade física e perfil nutricional. Métodos Mulheres na pós-menopausa responderam a questionários sobre atividade física, qualidade de vida, registro alimentar de 24 horas, e tiveram os níveis séricos de vitamina D medidos. Resultados Dentre as mulheres mais ativas, as que praticam em média 1 hora de atividade por dia apresentaram níveis de vitamina D superiores a 20 ng/mL (76,9%), e as que se expõem ao sol apresentaram níveis acima de 30 ng/mL (34,6 %). Já as mulheres menos ativas e menos expostas ao sol apresentaram respectivamente 42,2 % e 8,9%. Ser mais ativa e ter maior exposição solar significou ter menor percentual de gordura. O nível sérico de vitamina D não mostrou relação com a qualidade de vida. Conclusão Caminhada e jardinagem aumentam os níveis séricos de vitamina D e diminuem o percentual de gordura corpórea. As limitações do estudo não permitiram avaliar o impacto da 25-hidróxi-vitamina D na qualidade de vida e nos aspectos nutricionais das mulheres.

Osteoporose: seleção de medicamentos e avanços no manejo clínico / Osteoporosis: medication selection and advances in the clinical management

Osteoporose é um problema de saúde pública importante que acomete mais de metade das mulheres com idade superior a 50 anos. Doença com um enorme impacto sobre a saúde pública, através da morbidade e mortalidade aumentadas, com custos econômicos associados resultantes das fraturas. O objetivo é avaliar e identificar as pessoas de risco para desenvolver fraturas osteoporóticas de fragilidade que necessitam ser tratadas. A abordagem de mulheres com baixa massa óssea e aumento do risco de fraturas deve ser multidisciplinar. A farmacoterapia é apenas uma Steiner ML, Strufaldi R, Fernandes CE das possíveis intervenções. Aspectos como a nutrição orientada, fortalecimento muscular, prevenção de quedas, suplementos vitamínicos e minerais devem ser considerados. O tratamento farmacológico permite a prevenção da perda óssea, a prevenção primária e secundária de fragilidade óssea e deve ser baseado na avaliação do risco de fratura do indivíduo e na relação custo-benefício do medicamento escolhido.

Osteoporosis is a significant public health problem that affects more than half of women aged over 50. This disease has a huge impact on public health through morbidity and increased mortality, and economic costs associated with the resulting fractures. The goal is to assess and identify risk people to develop osteoporotic fragility fractures that need to be addressed. The approach of women with low bone mass and increased risk of fractures should be multidisciplinary. Pharmacotherapy is just one of the possible interventions. Aspects such as the guidance nutrition, muscle strengthening, prevention of falls, mineral and vitamin supplements should be considered. Pharmacological treatment allows preventing bone loss and primary and secondary prevention of osteoporosis and should be based on risk factors and pharmaceutical cost benefit analysis.

Osteoporose: identificando o risco de fratura / Osteoporosis: targeting the risk of fracture

A osteoporose é a doença do metabolismo ósseo mais comum, afetando cerca de 200 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. As fraturas por fragilidade, sua consequência mais temida, são a maior causa da diminuição da qualidade de vida, morbidade e mortalidade feminina na pós-menopausa. Entretanto, identificar as mulheres com risco de fratura e que beneficia -se-ão do tratamento farmacológico é desafiado . Metodologias de seleção são falhas, sendo intenso o debate atual sobre o tratamento excessivo versus deficien e. A definição da probabilidade de fratura em termos absolutos, utilizando fatores de risco clínicos e avaliação da densidade óssea, com auxílio de ferramentas clínicas, é a forma utilizada atualmente na seleção de indivíduos para tratamento. O ginecologista precisa conhecer e dominar esta abordagem para realizar uma boa assistência a mulheres com osteoporose.

Osteoporosis is the most common disease of bone metabolism, affecting approximately 200 million people worldwide. The fragility fractures, his most feared consequence, are a major cause of decreased quality of life, morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women. However, identifying women with high risk of fracture which will benefit from pharmacological treatment is challenging. Screening methodologies are not accurate leading to an intense debate about over versus sub treatment. Acquiring probability of fracture, using clinical risk factors and bone mass, with clinical tools assistance, is the best way to select individuals for treatment. The gynecologist must know and master this approach to make a good assistance to women with osteoporosis.

Influence of Dyslipidemia on the Quality of Sexual Life in Women in the Menacme using a Combined Oral Contraceptive / Influência da dislipidemia na qualidade de vida sexual de mulheres na menacme usando contraceptivos orais combinados

ABSTRACT Purpose: Female sexual dysfunction is a complex and common condition that affects women, and the relationship between sexual function and dyslipidemia is poorly studied. This study aims to assess this relationship in the reproductive life women in the menacme who use combined oral contraceptives (COCs) . Methods: A total of 49 healthy women who were sexually active received COC pills that contained ethinylestradiol 30 mcg (EE30) plus levonorgestrel 150 mcg (LNG150). The women were divided into two groups according to their lipid profiles. Dyslipidemia was defined as a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level < 50 mg/dL or a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level > 130 mg/dL. Sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) Questionnaire. Lipid and lipoprotein parameters were obtained at baseline and after the sixth cycle. Results: After six cycles of the COCs, the total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in the women with a LDL level > 130 mg/dL decreased by 14.7% and 22.1% respectively. In the women with a HDL level < 50 mg/dL at baseline, the HDL level increased by 15.5% at the end of the study. The arousal and orgasm domains and the FSFI total scores significantly increased in women with and without dyslipidemia. The desire and satisfaction domains increased only in the group without dyslipidemia at the end of the treatment period. Conclusions: The EE30/LNG150 formulation increased the sexual function and it was only positively correlated with the HDL cholesterol level. These data indicated a low correlation between sexual function and the changes in the lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.

RESUMO Objetivo: Disfunção sexual feminina é uma condição complexa acomete as mulheres, e a relação entre a função sexual e a dislipidemia é muito pouco estudada. Este estudo objetivou avaliar esta relação em mulheres na menacme que fazem uso de contraceptivos orais combinados (COCs). Métodos: Um total de 49 mulheres saudáveis com vida sexual ativa receberam pílulas anticoncepcionais contendo etinilestradiol 30 mcg (EE30) associado a levonorgestrel 150 mcg (LNG150). As mulheres foram divididas em dois grupos, de acordo com o perfil lipídico. Dislipidemia foi definida como nível de lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) < 50 mg/dL, ou nível de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) > 130 mg/dL. A função sexual feminina foi avaliada utilizando o questionário de Índice de Função Sexual Feminina (IFSF). O IFSF e os parâmetros lipídicos e lipoproteicos foram obtidos no início e após o sexto ciclo do estudo. Resultados: Após seis ciclos de uso dos COCs, as mulheres com LDL > 130 mg/dL, tiveram redução dos níveis de colesterol total e colesterol LDL de 14,7% e 22,1% respectivamente. Nas mulheres com níveis HDL < 50 mg/dL no momento basal, o nível de HDL aumentou 15,5% ao final do estudo. Os domínios de excitação, orgasmo e os escores totais do IFSF aumentaram significativamente nas mulheres com e sem dislipidemia. Os domínios de desejo e satisfação aumentaram no final do período de tratamento exclusivamente no grupo sem dislipidemia. Conclusões: A formulação EE30/LNG150 aumentou a função sexual das mulheres, sendo positivamente correlata somente com os níveis de colesterol HDL. Estes achados demonstram baixa correlação entre a função sexual e as alterações no metabolismo lipídico e lipoproteico.