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2.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol ; 26(4): 349-55, 2016 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25921083

RESUMO

The primary aim of this analysis was to present and describe questionnaire data characterizing time-location patterns of an older, multiethnic population from six American cities. We evaluated the consistency of results from repeated administration of this questionnaire and between this questionnaire and other questionnaires collected from participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). Participants reported spending most of their time inside their homes (average: 121 h/week or 72%). More than 50% of the participants reported spending no time in several of the location options, including at home outdoors, at work/volunteer/school locations indoors or outdoors, or in "other" locations outdoors. We observed consistency between self-reported time-location patterns from repeated administration of the time-location questionnaire and compared with other survey instruments. Comparisons with national cohorts demonstrated the differences in time-location patterns in the MESA Air cohort due to differences in demographics, but the data showed similar trends in patterns by age, gender, season, and employment status. This study was the first to explicitly examine the time-location patterns in an older, multiethnic population and the first to add data on Chinese participants. These data can be used to inform future epidemiological research of MESA Air and other studies that include diverse populations.


Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental/análise , Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar , Asiático , Aterosclerose , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Geografia , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Características de Residência , Estações do Ano , Distribuição por Sexo , Tempo , Estados Unidos
3.
Environ Health Perspect ; 123(2): 144-51, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25302408

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Air pollution is linked to low lung function and to respiratory events, yet little is known of associations with lung structure. OBJECTIVES: We examined associations of particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) with percent emphysema-like lung on computed tomography (CT). METHODS: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) recruited participants (45-84 years of age) in six U.S. states. Percent emphysema was defined as lung regions < -910 Hounsfield Units on cardiac CT scans acquired following a highly standardized protocol. Spirometry was also conducted on a subset. Individual-level 1- and 20-year average air pollution exposures were estimated using spatiotemporal models that included cohort-specific measurements. Multivariable regression was conducted to adjust for traditional risk factors and study location. RESULTS: Among 6,515 participants, we found evidence of an association between percent emphysema and long-term pollution concentrations in an analysis leveraging between-city exposure contrasts. Higher concentrations of PM2.5 (5 µg/m3) and NOx (25 ppb) over the previous year were associated with 0.6 (95% CI: 0.1, 1.2%) and 0.5 (95% CI: 0.1, 0.9%) higher average percent emphysema, respectively. However, after adjustment for study site the associations were -0.6% (95% CI: -1.5, 0.3%) for PM2.5 and -0.5% (95% CI: -1.1, 0.02%) for NOx. Lower lung function measures (FEV1 and FVC) were associated with higher PM2.5 and NOx levels in 3,791 participants before and after adjustment for study site, though most associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Associations between ambient air pollution and percentage of emphysema-like lung were inconclusive in this cross-sectional study, thus longitudinal analyses may better clarify these associations with percent emphysema.


Assuntos
Poluição do Ar/estatística & dados numéricos , Enfisema/epidemiologia , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/efeitos adversos , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Estudos Transversais , Enfisema/induzido quimicamente , Exposição Ambiental , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/análise , Material Particulado/análise , Espirometria , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Estados Unidos
4.
Occup Environ Med ; 69(10): 713-20, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22767870

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Long working hours may be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective was to investigate cross-sectional associations of work hours with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and ankle-brachial index (ABI). METHODS: Participants were 1694 women and 1868 men from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. CIMT and ABI were measured using standard protocols. Information on work hours was obtained from questionnaires. Mean values of CIMT and ABI were examined across five categories of hours worked per week (≤20, 21-39, 40, 41-50 and >50) using analysis of variance/analysis of covariance. p Values for trend were obtained from linear regression models. RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 56.9±8.4 years; 52.4% were men. Distinct patterns of association between work hours and the subclinical CVD biomarkers were found for women and men, although this heterogeneity by gender was not statistically significant. Among women only, work hours were positively associated with common (but not internal) CIMT (p=0.073) after full risk factor adjustment. Compared with women working 40 h, those working >50 h were more likely to have an ABI <1 (vs 1-1.4) (OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.38). In men, work hours and ABI were inversely associated (p=0.046). There was some evidence that the association between work hours and ABI was modified by occupational category (interaction p=0.061). Among persons classified as management/professionals, longer work hours was associated with lower ABI (p=0.015). No significant associations were observed among other occupational groups. CONCLUSIONS: Working longer hours may be associated with subclinical CVD. These associations should be investigated using longitudinal studies.


Assuntos
Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Aterosclerose/etiologia , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Tolerância ao Trabalho Programado/fisiologia , Carga de Trabalho , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Fatores Sexuais
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