Effect of age and gender on high - Sensitivity C - Reactive protein levels serum on health worker with latent tuberculosis and healthy control.

BACKGROUND: Latent tuberculosis is defined as a state of persistent immune response stimulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens with no evidence and signs of active TB . Health workers have a high risk of developing latent TB disease due to occupational exposure from patients. High sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) assays have been developed for special values that may indicate low-grade inflammatory lesions as is true in measurement of latent tuberculosis infection. Factors that affect CRP levels are gender and age. Our study is conducted to asses effect of age and gender on Hs- CReactive protein leves serum on health worker with latent tuberculosis and healthy control. METHOD: This research is a cross sectional study using primary data. The research was conducted at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassa Hospital and Community Center For Lung Health In South Sulawesi. Studied subject were recruited by consecutivesampling, in which the patient who met the inclusion criteria and then the serum HsCRP test was measured. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. RESULT: During the study period , 80 subjects met the inclusion criteria. At age ≤ 32 years, the mean HsCRP was found to be lower in latent TB than in healthy controls, but not statistically significant (p>0.370). At age >32 years, the mean HsCRP was found to be higher in latent TB than in healthy controls, but not statistically significant (p>2.49). In males, the mean HsCRP was found to be higher in latent TB than in healthy controls, but not statistically significant (P =0.584). In women, the mean HsCRP was found to be lower in latent TB than in healthy controls, but not statistically significant (P =0.712). CONCLUSION: Serum HsCRP levels were found to be higher in latent TB subjects with increasing age and male gender but not statistically significant.

Sarcopenia in a Multiethnic State: A Cross-Sectional Data Analysis of Multicentre Indonesia Longitudinal Aging Study.

BACKGROUND: Previous regional studies related to sarcopenia in multiethnic Indonesia suggested inconsistent findings. We aimed to find the prevalence of sarcopenia and its associated factors among Indonesian older adults. METHODS: In this cross-sectional analysis, we utilised the data of Indonesia Longitudinal Aging Study (INALAS) from community-dwelling outpatients in eight centres. Statistical analyses included descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. We categorised older adults into sarcopenia group based on the criteria of the SARC-F questionnaire, namely strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls questionnaire. RESULTS: Among 386 older adults, 17.6% were in sarcopenia group. The prevalence of sarcopenia was found to be the lowest in Sundanese group (8.2%). Following appropriate statistical adjustment, sarcopenia was associated with female sex (OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.34-6.73), dependent functional capacity (OR 7.38, 95% CI 3.26-16.70), frailty (OR 11.82, 95% CI 5.41-25.80), and history of fall (OR 5.17 (95% CI 2.36-11.32). Sarcopenia was not significantly associated with age 70 years and older (OR 1.67, 95% CI 0.81-3.45), Sundanese group (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.15-1.29), and being at high risk for malnutrition or malnourished (OR 2.98, 95% CI 0.68-13.15). All centenarians had no sarcopenia nor frailty, and 80% of them were Sundanese older adults. CONCLUSION: One in five Indonesian community-dwelling older adults had sarcopenia, associated with female sex, dependent functional capacity, frailty, and history of fall. Albeit statistically nonsignificant, there may still be link between Sundanese, age 70 years and older, as well as being at high risk for malnutrition, and sarcopenia.

Sedentary Lifestyle of Older Adults and Its Associated Factors: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study During COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is here to stay, and humans ought to decide how to adapt. We aimed to describe lifestyle changes during COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine the prevalence and factors associated with sedentary lifestyle among older adults. METHODS: We obtained data from community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years. We presented the data descriptively and used multivariate analysis to assess the association between Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) -based sedentary lifestyle and other variables in several tertiary geriatric centres. RESULTS: Among 601 participants, 21.1% had sedentary lifestyle. Ethnic groups with the highest prevalence of sedentary lifestyle were Minang, Balinese, and Sundanese. Changes related to food intake, body weight, and physical activity were seen in a small proportion of older adults. Sun exposure habit was described. Sedentary lifestyle was associated with less consumption of food (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.07-6.30), weight loss (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.64-5.48), and higher intensity of snacking (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.20-0.99). CONCLUSION: During COVID-19 pandemic, one out of five older adults had sedentary lifestyle, which was positively associated with less consumption of food and weight loss, and negatively associated with higher intensity of snacking. The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle varied across ethnic groups. Adequate and appropriate food intake may be crucial to keep older adults active, preventing them from entering vicious cycle of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty.

Frailty and Its Associated Risk Factors: First Phase Analysis of Multicentre Indonesia Longitudinal Aging Study.

Background: National long-term care development requires updated epidemiological data related to frailty. We aimed to find the prevalence of frailty and its associated factors among Indonesian elderly. Methods: We conducted first-phase cross-sectional analysis of Indonesia Longitudinal Aging Study (INALAS) data collected from community-dwelling outpatients aged 60 years and older without acute illness in nine geriatric service care centres. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Results: Among 908 elderly in this study, 15.10% were robust, 66.20% were pre-frail, and 18.70% were frail. Functional dependence was associated with frailty among Indonesian elderly (OR 5.97, 95% CI 4.04-8.80). Being depressed and at risk for malnutrition were also associated with frailty with OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.56-4.12, and OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.68-3.90, respectively. Prior history of fall (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.16-2.72) and hospitalization (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.97-2.20) in the previous 12 months were associated with frailty. There is also significant association between poly pharmacy and frailty (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.50-3.91). Conclusion: Approximately one in five Indonesian community-dwelling elderly was frail. Frailty is associated with functional dependence, being at risk for malnutrition or being malnourished, depression, history of fall, history of hospitalization, and poly pharmacy. There may be bidirectional relationships between the risk factors and frailty. The development of long-term care in Indonesia should be considered, without forcing the elderly who need it.