The influence of resistance exercise and aerobic exercise on type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is a worldwide chronic disease. The incidence rate of this disease is high, and it is a common disease in clinics. At present, the incidence rate of diabetes patients is increasing year by year due to the increasing work pressure, the accelerated pace of life, the change of diet, the reduction of labor, and the acceleration of aging. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The computer retrieves four databases to obtain random controlled trials on the influence of resistance exercise and aerobic exercise on type 2 diabetes. After a rigorous literature quality evaluation, data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Ten studies were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. 10 studies reported the HbA1c of the test group and the control group, which was no significant statistical significance (SMD: -0.01; 95% CI: -0.20,0.19; P=0.959) than the control group, HOMA-IR (SMD: 0.02; 95% CI: -0.65,0.69; P=0.954), SBP (SMD: 3.92; 95% CI: -0.92,8.75; P=0.112), DBP (SMD: 0.67; 95% CI: -3.66,5.01; P=0.761), HDL (SMD: -0.08; 95% CI: -2.79,2.64; P=0.955), TG (SMD: -7.51; 95% CI: -21.25,6.22; P=0.284) and TC (SMD: 9.10; 95% CI: -13.43,31.62; P=0.428). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that both resistance exercise and aerobic exercise may be effective on patients with type 2 diabetes, as evidenced by HbA1c, HOMA-IR, SBP, DBP, HDL, TG and TC. There is no significant difference in their impact on type 2 diabetes patients, and the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies.

Triphenylamine-Functionalized Coordination Cage as a Supramolecular Fluorescence Sensor for Sequential Detection of Aluminum Ions and Nitrofurantoin.

Coordination cages with a well-defined nanocavity are a class of promising supramolecular materials for molecular recognition and sensing. However, their applications in sequential sensing of multiple types of pollutants are highly desirable yet extremely limiting and challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a convenient strategy to develop a supramolecular fluorescence sensor for sequentially detecting environmental pollutants of aluminum ions and nitrofurantoin. A coordination cage (Ni-NTB), adopting an octahedral structure with triphenylamine chromophores occupying on the faces, is weakly emissive in solution due to the intramolecular rotations of the phenyl rings. Ni-NTB exhibits sensitive and selective fluorescence "off-on-off" processes during consecutive sensing of Al3+ and nitrofurantoin, an antibacterial drug. These sequential detection processes are highly interference-tolerant and visually observable with the naked eye. Mechanism studies reveal that the fluorescence switch is controllable by tuning the degree of intramolecular rotations of the phenyl rings and the pathway of intermolecular charge transfer, which is associated with the host-guest interaction. Moreover, the fabrication of Ni-NTB on test strips enabled a quick naked-eye sequential sensing of Al3+ and nitrofurantoin in seconds. Hence, this novel supramolecular fluorescence "off-on-off" sensing platform provides a new approach to developing supramolecular functional materials for monitoring environmental pollution.

Decahexanuclear Zinc(II) Coordination Container Featuring a Flexible Tetracarboxylate Ligand: A Self-Assembly Supermolecule for Highly Efficient Drug Delivery of Anti-Inflammatory Agents.

The application of a coordination container in biomedicine is hindered by single binding domains and unsatisfactory biostability and biocompatibility. Herein, we designed a sulfonylcalix[4]arene-based decahexanuclear zinc(II) coordination container employing a flexible tetracarboxylate ligand as a linker and utilized it as a novel drug delivery system. The coordination container consisting of one endo and four exo cavities provides multiple binding domains for efficient encapsulation of drug molecules as clearly revealed by systematic host-guest studies using NMR techniques of 1H NMR titration experiments and 2D NOESY and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy studies. Incorporation of a flexible p-phenylene-bis(methanamino) spacer into the container via the carboxylate linker allowed a stepwise drug loading process through sequential binding at endo and exo cavities, as well as enabling pH-responsive stepwise drug release. The drug-loaded coordination container not only exhibits excellent biostability and biocompatibility but also provides encouraging therapeutic efficiency toward inflammatory macrophages as revealed by in vitro studies. The novel strategy for engineering the endo cavity of a coordination container provides a new approach to achieving controlled drug delivery and opens up new opportunities for designing novel functional supramolecular materials.

Stimuli-responsive metal-organic supercontainers as synthetic proton receptors.

We demonstrate a proof-of-concept design of a new platform for proton recognition and modulation. The new proton receptors are derived from a unique class of synthetic supercontainers that exhibit exceptional proton binding capacity (over 50 equiv.) and intriguing proton-dependent fluorescent switching behavior. Experimental and computational studies suggest that the proton-responsive event involves a two-step mechanism pertaining to proton binding by both amino and pyrenyl moieties of the supercontainer constructs. The high proton binding capacity of the supercontainers can be further modulated via small-molecule "regulators" that compete for the proton-binding sites, opening exiting new opportunities for proton manipulation in both chemistry and biology.

Sensitive and selective urinary 1-hydroxypyrene detection by dinuclear terbium-sulfonylcalixarene complex.

A new sulfonylcalix[4]arene-based dinuclear terbium molecular container (1) was conveniently synthesized and utilized as a fluorescence probe for the detection of a well-known biomarker 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), which is used for the evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The sulfonylcalix[4]arene ligand could not only serve as an efficient antenna ligand to promote the ligand-to-metal energy transfer but also provide a suitable cavity to accommodate 1-OHP. Promising fluorescence quenching effects were well established during the titration of the compound 1 with 1-OHP, and these effects were due to the enhancement in the host-guest intermolecular charge transfer and the decrease in the ligand-to-metal energy transfer after the formation of the stable host-guest complex. The fluorescence sensing mechanism was clearly understood through the titration experiments, and the data could be fit with the Benesi-Hildebrand and Stern-Volmer models. The TbIII-TBSC-based luminescent sensor exhibited quick response, high sensitivity, and specific selectivity to 1-OHP, even in the presence of other constituents in urine, thus providing a new sensing platform for the clinical diagnosis of human exposure to PAHs.

Green-Light-Emitting Diodes based on Tetrabromide Manganese(II) Complex through Solution Process.

Highly phosphorescent (Ph4 P)2 [MnBr4 ] as a low-cost and environmentally benign emitting material achieves peak current efficiency of 25.4 cd A-1 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.2% for nondoped organic light-emitting diodes, and peak current efficiency of 32.0 cd A-1 and EQE of 9.6% for doped devices with 20% (Ph4 P)2 [MnBr4 ]:27% TCTA:53% 6DCZPPY as a doping emitting layer.