Relationship between indices of circulating blood cells and bone homeostasis in osteoporosis.

Bone development have been shown to play an important role in regulating hematopoiesis as one major component of bone marrow microenvironment. Recent studies support the notion that there is an intricate relationship between hematopoiesis and bone homeostasis, however, little is known about the alterations in the hematopoietic lineages in pathologic conditions. Using various osteoporotic mouse models, we show here that bone microarchitecture abnormalities alter parameters of peripheral blood cells. The level of white blood cells is dynamics and negatively correlated with bone mineral density during the progression of osteoporosis. Furthermore, our clinical data confirm that osteoporosis is associated with abnormal circulating blood cell counts. These results demonstrated a causal link that osteoporosis is accompanied by the altered circulating blood cells, supporting the idea of a close interplay between hematopoiesis and bone homeostasis. Our study would propose that routine complete blood count might be applied as a potential diagnostic and putative marker for osteoporosis.

Determination of Verapamil Hydrochloride and Norverapamil Hydrochloride in Rat Plasma by Capillary Electrophoresis With End-Column Electrochemiluminescence Detection and Their Pharmacokinetics Study.

In this study, we developed a new method for simultaneous determination of verapamil hydrochloride (VerHCl) and its metabolite norverapamil hydrochloride (NorHCl) by using the capillary electrophoresis-electrochemiluminescence. Under optimized experimental conditions, the linear ranges of the VerHCl and NorHCl concentrations were 0.015-10.0 and 0.060-10.0 µg/mL, respectively. The linearity relations were determined using the respective regression equations y = 581.2x + 19.94 and y = 339.4x + 29.16. The respective limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 0.006 and 0.024 µg/mL. The proposed method was used to study the pharmacokinetics of both agents in rat plasma. The maximum concentration (Cmax), half-life time (T1/2) and time to peak (Tmax) were 683.21 ± 74.81 ng/mL, 0.52 ± 0.21 h and 2.49 ± 0.32 h for VerHCl and 698.42 ± 71.45 ng/mL, 1.14 ± 0.26 h and 2.83 ± 0.23 h for NorHCl, respectively, following oral administration of 10 mg/kg VerHCl.

A novel electrochemiluminescence sensor coupled with capillary electrophoresis for simultaneous determination of quinapril hydrochloride and its metabolite quinaprilat hydrochloride in human plasma.

A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor with composite consisted of silica-sol, Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and tris(2, 2'-bipyridine) ruthenium (II) was constructed. A new method for simultaneous determination of quinapril hydrochloride (QHCl) and its metabolite quinaprilat hydrochloride (QTHCl) in human plasma was developed using the ECL sensor coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE). ECL intensities of QHCl and QTHCl increased dramatically when the ECL sensor was used as working electrode. The running buffer contains 14mmol/L phosphate (pH 8.0) and 20% n-propyl alcohol. Under optimized experimental conditions, the linearity ranges of the method are 0.007-8.0µg/mL for QHCl and 0.009-8.3µg/mL for QTHCl. The detection limits of QHCl and QTHCl (S/N=3) are 3.6ng/mL and 3.9ng/mL, respectively. The method was applied for the simultaneous determination of QHCl and QTHCl in human plasma with satisfactory results.

Simultaneous electrochemiluminescence determination of galanthamine, homolycorine, lycorenine, and tazettine in Lycoris radiata by capillary electrophoresis with ultrasonic-assisted extraction.

After ultrasonic-assisted extraction, four lycoris radiata alkaloids: galanthamine, homolycorine, lycorenine, and tazettine were determined by capillary electrophoresis electrochemiluminescence. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was added to the running buffer (RB) to obtain better resolution. Experimental conditions influencing the determination were examined, including the additives, detection potential, separation voltage, injection voltage and time, and RB pH and concentration. Under optimal experimental conditions, the baseline separation of the four alkaloids occurred within 16min. The proposed method displayed the following linear ranges (in ng/mL): galanthamine [60-5000], homolycorine [40-5000], lycorenine [5.0-1500], and tazettine [8.0-2500]. The detection limits in ng/mL, (S/N=3), were galanthamine [14], homolycorine [11], lycorenine [1.8], and tazettine [3.1]. Intra-day and inter-day RSDs for the four alkaloids of the six replicates were less than 2.7% and 3.1%, respectively. The recoveries in% were: tazettine [102.5], lycorenine [98.20], galanthamine [97.30], and homolycorine [98.33].

Simultaneous determination of chlortetracycline, ampicillin and sarafloxacin in milk using capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection.

A fast, inexpensive and sensitive approach for the simultaneous determination of chlortetracycline, ampicilline and sarafloxacin in milk was developed using capillary electrophoresis coupled with an electrochemiluminescence detector. Under the optimal detection conditions, the linear ranges for chlortetracyline, ampicilline and sarafloxacin were 0.030-5.0, 0.050-5.0 and 0.0040-2.0 µg ml-1, respectively. The correlation coefficients of chlortetracycline, ampicilline and sarafloxacin were determined as 0.9997, 0.9952 and 0.9978, respectively. Detection limits (S/N = 3) of chlortetracycline, ampicilline and sarafloxacin were found as 0.017, 0.018 and 0.0013 µg ml-1, respectively. This method was successfully applied for the determination of chlortetracycline, ampicilline and sarafloxacin in milk. The recoveries were between 95.3% and 100%. The relative standard deviations of the detection limit and recovery were less than 2.6% and 3.2%, respectively.

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence sensor based on reduced graphene oxide-copper sulfide composite coupled with capillary electrophoresis for determination of amlodipine besylate in mice plasma.

A new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on reduced graphene oxide-copper sulfide (rGO-CuS) composite coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) was constructed for the ultrasensitive detection of amlodipine besylate (AML) for the first time. In this work, rGO-CuS composite was synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal method and used for electrode modification. The electrochemical and ECL behaviors of the sensor were investigated. More than 5-fold enhance in ECL intensity was observed after modified with rGO-CuS composite. The results can be ascribed to the presence of rGO-CuS composite on the electrode surface that facilitates the electron transfer rate between the electroactive center of Ru(bpy)3(2+) and the electrode. The ECL sensor was coupled with CE to improve the selectivity and the CE-ECL parameters that affect separation and detection were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the linear ranges for AML was 0.008-5.0µg/mL with a detection limit of 2.8ng/mL (S/N=3). The method displayed the advantages of high sensitivity, good selectivity, wide linear range, low detection limit and fine reproducibility, and was used to analyze AML in mice plasma with a satisfactory result, which holds a great potential in the field of pharmaceutical analysis.

Capillary electrophoresis with end-column electrochemiluminescence for ultrasensitive determination of urapidil hydrochloride in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetics study.

A simple, sensitive and selective method for determination of urapidil hydrochloride was developed using capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence (CE-ECL) technique for the first time. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the ECL intensity was linear with the concentration of urapidil hydrochloride in the range from 0.050 to 50.0ng/mL and the detection limit was 0.014ng/mL (S/N=3). The proposed method was used for studying pharmacokinetics of urapidil hydrochloride in rat plasma and the main pharmacokinetic parameters of the peak concentration (Cmax), half life time (T1/2) and peak concentration time (Tmax) were 240.45±21.15ng/mL, 0.58±0.16h and 1.08±0.13h, respectively. The recoveries of urapidil hydrochloride in the diluted extracts of rat plasma samples ranged from 96.68 to 98.82%. The RSD was lower than 3%.

Ultrasonic microdialysis coupled with capillary electrophoresis electrochemiluminescence study the interaction between trimetazidine dihydrochloride and human serum albumin.

The paper describes a homemade ultrasonic microdialysis device coupled with capillary electrophoresis electrochemiluminescence (CE-ECL) for studying the interaction between human serum albumin (HSA) and trimetazidine dihydrochloride (TMZ). The time required for equilibrium by ultrasonic microdialysis was 45min, which was far less than that by traditional dialysis (240min). It took 80min to achieve the required combination equilibrium by normal incubation and only 20min by ultrasonic. Compared with traditional dialysis, the use of ultrasonic microdialysis simplified experimental procedures, shortened experimental time and saved consumption of sample. A simple, sensitive and selective determination of TMZ was developed using CE-ECL and the parameters that affected ECL intensity were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of TMZ was from 0.075 to 80µmol/L (r(2)=0.9974). The detection limit was 26nmol/L with RSD of 2.8%. The number of binding sites and binding constant were 1.54 and 15.17L/mol, respectively.

Tetra-aqua-bis-(tetra-zolido-κN)magnesium.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Mg(CHN(4))(2)(H(2)O)(4)], the Mg(II) atom is six-coordinated by two N atoms from two tetra-zolide anions and four O atoms from four coordinated water mol-ecules in a slightly distorted octa-hedral geometry. The Mg atom is located on centres of inversion whereas the tetra-zolide anion and the water mol-ecules occupy general positions. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonding between the tetra-zolide anions and the coordinated water mol-ecules.

Bis(µ-5-carboxyl-atotetra-zolido)bis-[aqua-(2,2'-bipyrid-yl)cadmium(II)].

In the title dinuclear Cd(II) complex, [Cd(2)(C(2)N(4)O(2))(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)], each Cd atom is in a slightly distorted octa-hedral coordination by two N atoms and one O atom of two 1H-tetra-zole-5-carboxyl-ate (TZC) ligands, two N atoms of a 2,2'-bipyridyl ligand and one water O atom. The TZC ligand acts in a tridentate N,O-chelating N-bridging mode to two symmetry-equivalent Cd(II) atoms. The complex reveals mol-ecular C(i) symmetry. Extensive O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding plays an important role in the crystal packing.

Diaqua-bis-(3-nitro-benzoato-κO)bis-[1H-5-(3-pyrid-yl)-3-(4-pyrid-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-κN]cobalt(II) dihydrate.

In the centrosymmetric title compound, [Co(C(7)H(4)NO(4))(2)(C(12)H(9)N(5))(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·2H(2)O, the Co(II) atom, located on an inversion center, is coordinated by two N atoms [Co-N = 2.155 (3) Å] and four O atoms [Co-O = 2.099 (2)-2.117 (3) Å] in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. Inter-molecular N-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the components into a three-dimensional supramolecular framework.

Tetra-aqua-bis[3-(3-pyrid-yl)-5-(4-pyrid-yl)-1,2,4-triazolido]nickel(II) dihydrate.

In the title compound, [Ni(C(12)H(8)N(5))(2)(H(2)O)(4)]·2H(2)O, the Ni(II) atom is coordinated by the two N atoms [Ni-N = 2.094 (3) Å] and four O atoms [Ni-O = 2.063 (3)-2.083 (2) Å] in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The mol-ecule is centrosymmetric and the Ni(II) atom is located on an inversion center. Inter-molecular O-H⋯N and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the complex into a three-dimensional supra-molecular framework.

[Resonance scattering spectra of apolipoprotein immunocomplex particles and its analytical application].

In pH 6.8 Na2 HPO4-NaH2PO4 buffer solution and in presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG), apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) would combine with their corresponding antibody and produced immune complex particles in size of about 180 nm and 140 nm respectively, which exhibit stronger resonance scattering (RS) effect at 340 nm and 470 nm. The influence of pH, antisera volume, PEG concentration, incubation time and co-exists substances was considered. Under the optimal conditions, the RS intensity is proportional to the concentrations of ApoAI and ApoB when their concentration is in the range of 8.4-430.0 ng x mL(-1) and 14.8-590.0 ng x mL(-1), respectively. The detection limits (DL) are 6.2 ng x mL(-1) for ApoAI and 7.0 ng x mL(-1) for ApoB. The method was successfully applied to determination of ApoAI and ApoB in human serum samples, with satisfactory results.

A new and selective and sensitive nanogold-labeled immunoresoance scattering spectral assay for trace prealbumin.

A gold-labeled immunoresonance scattering spectral probe for trace prealbumin (PA) was prepared by using gold nanoparticles in size of 9.0nm to label goat anti-human prealbumin polyclonal antibody. The immune reaction between the gold-labeled antibody and prealbumin took place in pH 7.6 Na(2)HPO(4)-NaH(2)PO(4) buffer solution. In the presence of polyethylene glycol PEG-10000, the labeled gold nanoparticles were released and aggregated which brought the resonance scattering intensity (I(RS)) at 580nm to enhance greatly. The DeltaI(RS) is proportional to the prealbumin concentration in the range from 16.67 to 666.67ng/mL, with a detection limit of 4.1ng/mL. This simple, sensitive and selective assay was applied to determination of prealbumin in human plasma, with satisfactory results.

[Immune resonance scattering spectral method for the determination of trace IgG].

In pH 7.0 Tris-HCl buffer solution, goat-anti-rabbit IgG is combined with rabbit IgG specifically, and aggregates to form immune complex particles that exhibit three resonance scattering peaks at 330, 400 and 520 nm respectively, and a synchronous scattering peak at 470 nm, in the presence of PEG-20000. The scattering intensity at 470 nm is linear to the rabbit IgG concentration in the range of 1.33 to 133.3 microg x mL(-1). The detection limit is 0.99 microg x mL(-1). The method was applied to the quantitative analysis of rabbit IgG, with satisfactory results.

[Spectrophotometric determination of chondroitin sulfate with victory blue B].

In pH 4.0 acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution, cationic dye victory blue B shows an absorption peak at 614 nm, and the absorption peak decreases after it reacts with chondroitin sulfate to form association particles. The decrease in absorption value is linear with chondroitin sulfate concentration in the range of 0. 1-5 microg x mL(-1), and the correlation efficient is 0.9986. The method was applied to the determination of chondroitin sulfate in synthesis samples and real samples with rapidity, simplicity and good accuracy.

Gold-labeled nanoparticle-based immunoresonance scattering spectral assay for trace apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein B.

BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ApoB are risk indicators of cardiovascular disease. We describe the use of immunoresonance scattering to measure the ApoAI and ApoB in serum. METHODS: We used a trisodium citrate method to prepare 9.0-nm gold nanoparticles labeled with goat anti-human ApoAI and ApoB antibodies. The immune reaction between gold-labeled antibodies and antigens took place in Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 buffer solution (pH 6.4 for ApoAI and pH 6.0 for ApoB) in the presence of 75 g/L polyethylene glycol (PEG). We used a transmission electron microscope to observe the shape of the gold nanoparticles. Results were compared with those obtained by immunoturbidimetric methods. Twenty-five human serum samples were assayed by the immunoresonance scattering assay preset with the data indicated and by an immunoturbidimetric assay. RESULTS: The presence of PEG greatly enhanced the intensity of resonance-scattering peaks at 560 nm. The intensity (DeltaI) was proportional to concentration at 0.00833-0.3333 mg/L ApoAI and 0.00197-0.1972 mg/L ApoB. The detection limits were 2.04 and 0.96 microg/L for ApoAI and ApoB, respectively. The results for human serum samples were in agreement with those obtained with an immunoturbidimetric method. Linear regression analysis revealed a correlation coefficient, slope, and intercept of 0.915, 0.966, and 68.53 mg/L, respectively, for ApoAI and 0.919, 0.996, and 15.46 mg/L for ApoB. CONCLUSION: This method showed high sensitivity and good selectivity for quantitative determination of ApoAI and ApoB in human serum, with satisfactory results.

A new immune resonance scattering spectral assay for trace fibrinogen with gold nanoparticle label.

Gold nanoparticles in size of 9.0 nm was prepared by the trisodium citrate and used to label goat anti-human fibrinogen. In the pH 6.2 buffer solution and in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG), the immune reaction between gold-labeled goat anti-human fibrinogen and fibrinogen took place and the labeled gold nanoparticles were released from the goat anti-human fibrinogen, and the released gold particles aggregated which leaded the resonance scattering intensity at 560 nm (I560 nm) to enhance greatly. The I560 nm is proportional to the fibrinogen concentration in the range from 0.027 to 1.07 microg mL(-1). The detection limit is 1.14 ng mL(-1). This simple assay was applied to determination of fibrinogen in human plasma, with satisfactory results.

Luminescence properties of metal(II)-diethyldithiocarbamate chelate complex particles and its analytical application.

In a suitable pH buffer solutions, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) reacts with some divalence metal ions M(II) to form (M-DDTC)( n ) chelate complex nanoparticles, which exhibit different luminescence properties. There is a strongest luminescence peak at 470 nm for the Co(II)-DDTC system, three peaks at 330, 470, and 630 nm for the Cu(II)-DDTC system, three peaks at 420, 470, and 630 nm for the Cd(II)-DDTC system, four peaks at 350, 400, 435, and 470 nm for the Ni(II)-DDTC system, two peaks at 408 and 470 nm for the Pb(II)-DDTC system, two peaks at 415 and 470 nm for the Fe(II)-DDTC system. The different luminescence properties of (M-DDTC)( n ) chelate complex nanoparticles was explained. Under the optimal conditions, the luminescence intensity of (Co-DDTC)( n ) chelate complex nanoparticles at 470 nm (F (470 nm)) is linear to Co(II) concentration in the range of 0.012-1.44 microg/mL. The detection limit is 0.0023 microg/mL. A novel luminescence method has been proposed for the determination of cobalt in Vitamin B(12) samples, with satisfactory results.

A new and sensitive resonance-scattering method for determination of trace nitrite in water with rhodamine 6G.

In the medium HCl-KI-rhodamine dye, NO(2) (-) reacts with excess I(-) to form I(3) (-) and the I(3) (-) and rhodamine dye combine to form an association particle which gives three resonance-scattering (RS) peaks at 320 nm, 400 nm, and 595 nm. In systems containing rhodamine 6G (Rh6G), rhodamine B (RhB), rhodamine S (RhS), and butyl rhodamine B (BRhB) the resonance scattering intensity at 400 nm is proportional to nitrite concentrations in the range 2.3-276 ng mL(-1), 9.2-184 ng mL(-1), 9.2-184 ng mL(-1), and 9.2-92 ng mL(-1), respectively. Because of the high sensitivity, wide linear range, and good stability of the Rh6G system, it has been used for determination of nitrite in water samples, with satisfactory results. The spectral results have been used to verify that the formation of (Rh6G.I(3))(n) association particles and their interface with the system are main factors that cause the RS enhancement.