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1.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 20330, 2024 09 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39223190

RESUMO

Despite the gradual development of students' sedentary habits and associated health problems, only a few studies have extensively and systematically measured campus built environments (CBE) and their impact on street walking activity. This study explores the association between CBEs and pedestrian volume (PV). Comprehensive questionnaires, field audits, and GIS were used to measure the CBE variables and PV of 892 street segments on eight Chinese campuses in Tianjin. We used negative binomial regression models without spatial autocorrelations to investigate the relationship between the CBEs and PV. The findings indicated that campus Walk Score, facility and residential land ratio, campus design qualities, sidewalk conditions, street amenities, and other streetscape features were positively associated with PV. This study presents implications for campus research and planning practices in designing a pedestrian-friendly, sustainable, and healthy campus.


Assuntos
Ambiente Construído , Estudantes , Caminhada , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Universidades , China , Inquéritos e Questionários , Planejamento Ambiental , Adulto Jovem , Pedestres , Adulto
2.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(8): 4600-4609, 2024 Aug 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39168679

RESUMO

Microplastics pose a serious ecological threat to rivers in China, and the construction of a large number of dams has complicated this problem. Ten dams of the Shaying River were chosen to investigate the abundance and composition of microplastics in surface water and sediments of the reservoir and upstream river. Ecological risk was evaluated using species sensitive distribution (SSD) and pollution load index (PLI). The results showed that the Shaying River was exposed to a severe risk of microplastics from upstream to downstream. The construction of dams did not significantly affect the distribution of microplastics in the river. River sediments became a sink for microplastics in the surface water; however, the ecological risk posed by microplastics in the surface water was greater, and the comparison of the two assessment methods showed that the species sensitivity distribution assessment better reflected the accumulation and feeding behavior of organisms to pollutants compared to the pollution load index.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Microplásticos , Rios , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , China , Medição de Risco , Microplásticos/análise , Sedimentos Geológicos/química
3.
BMC Biol ; 22(1): 169, 2024 Aug 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39135045

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Numerous insect species undertake long-distance migrations on an enormous scale, with great implications for ecosystems. Given that take-off is the point where it all starts, whether and how the external light and internal circadian rhythm are involved in regulating the take-off behaviour remains largely unknown. Herein, we explore this issue in a migratory pest, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, via behavioural observations and RNAi experiments. RESULTS: The results showed that C. medinalis moths took off under conditions where the light intensity gradually weakened to 0.1 lx during the afternoon or evening, and the take-off proportions under full spectrum or blue light were significantly higher than that under red and green light. The ultraviolet-A/blue light-sensitive type 1 cryptochrome gene (Cmedcry1) was significantly higher in take-off moths than that of non-take-off moths. In contrast, the expression of the light-insensitive CRY2 (Cmedcry2) and circadian genes (Cmedtim and Cmedper) showed no significant differences. After silencing Cmedcry1, the take-off proportion significantly decreased. Thus, Cmedcry1 is involved in the decrease in light intensity induced take-off behaviour in C. medinalis. CONCLUSIONS: This study can help further explain the molecular mechanisms behind insect migration, especially light perception and signal transmission during take-off phases.


Assuntos
Criptocromos , Proteínas de Insetos , Mariposas , Animais , Migração Animal , Ritmo Circadiano , Criptocromos/genética , Criptocromos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insetos/genética , Proteínas de Insetos/metabolismo , Luz , Mariposas/fisiologia , Interferência de RNA
4.
FASEB J ; 38(16): e23879, 2024 Aug 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39162663

RESUMO

Both lymphatic vessels and macrophages are key factors influencing the inflammatory response. During the inflammatory response, lymphatic vessels undergo dilation and growth, playing a beneficial role in alleviating inflammation by facilitating the drainage of exudate, inflammatory mediators, and leukocytes. Consequently, the promotion of lymphangiogenesis has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach to treating inflammation. Macrophages play a crucial role in promoting lymphangiogenesis by secreting several pro-lymphatic growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, and undergoing transdifferentiation into lymphatic endothelial cell progenitors (LECP), which integrate into newly formed lymphatic vessels. Macrophages exhibit heterogeneity and perform diverse functions based on their phenotypes. The regulation of macrophage polarization is crucial in inflammatory responses. Notably, macrophages promote lymphangiogenesis, while lymphatic vessels, in turn, serve as a conduit for macrophages to drain out inflamed tissue and also affect macrophage polarization. Thus, there is an interactive relationship between them. In this review, we discuss current work on the effects of macrophages on lymphangiogenesis as well as lymphatic vessel recruitment of macrophages and regulation of macrophage polarization. Furthermore, we explore the roles of lymphatic vessels and macrophages in various inflammation-related diseases, emphasizing potential therapeutic targets within the context of lymphatic-macrophage interactions.


Assuntos
Inflamação , Linfangiogênese , Vasos Linfáticos , Macrófagos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Vasos Linfáticos/metabolismo , Vasos Linfáticos/patologia , Humanos , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Animais , Linfangiogênese/fisiologia , Fator C de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo
5.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; : e202411059, 2024 Jul 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39011573

RESUMO

Anionic redox chemistry can surpass theoretical limits of conventional layered oxide cathodes in energy density. A recent model system of sodium-ion batteries, O3-NaLi1/3Mn2/3O2, demonstrated full anionic redox capacity but is limited in reversibility and kinetics due to irreversible structural rearrangement and oxygen loss. Solutions to these issues are missing due to the challenging synthesis. Here, we harness the unique structural richness of sodium layered oxides and realize a controlled ratio of P2 structural intergrowth in this model compound with the overall composition maintained. The resulted O3 with 27% P2 intergrowth structure delivers an excellent initial Coulombic efficiency of 87%, comparable to the state-of-the-art Li-rich NMCs. This improvement is attributed to the effective suppression of irreversible oxygen release and structural changes, evidenced by operando Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction. The as-prepared intergrowth material, based on the environmentally benign Mn, exhibits a reversible capacity of 226 mAh g-1 at C/20 rate with excellent cycling stability stemming from the redox reactions of oxygen and manganese. Our work isolates the role of P2 structural intergrowth and thereby introduces a novel strategy to enhance the reversibility and kinetics of anionic redox reactions in sodium layered cathodes without compromising capacity.

6.
Environ Pollut ; 358: 124500, 2024 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38964641

RESUMO

Oxygen vacancy-rich ß-Bi2O3/Bi2O2SiO3 (BO/BOS) Z-Scheme heterojunction was prepared by hydrothermal method-assisted calcination. Under visible light, ß-Bi2O3/Bi2O2SiO3 photocatalyst demonstrated superior photocatalytic efficacy in degrading antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (AR E. coli) compared to individual ß-Bi2O3 and Bi2O2SiO3. The experimental results showed that BO/BOS-450 sample possessed the best photocatalytic activity against tetracycline (2 h, 80.8%), amoxicillin (4 h, 57.9%) and AR E. coli (3 h, 107.43 CFU·mL-1). BO/BOS-450 sample showed 91.8% electrostatic capture of AR E. coli in the bacterial capture experiment. In the antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) degradation experiment, BO/BOS-450 sample was able to bring the log10 (Ct/C0) value of tetA to -3.49 after 2 h. Oxygen vacancies (OVs) were verified through HR-TEM, XPS and EPR analyses. ESR experiments aligned with the quenching experiment results, confirming that the crucial active species were ‧O2- and h+ during photocatalytic sterilization. A small-scale sewage treatment equipment was designed for the effective removal of ARB from real water samples.


Assuntos
Bismuto , Escherichia coli , Luz , Oxigênio , Bismuto/química , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Catálise , Oxigênio/química , Antibacterianos/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Fotólise
7.
Neuroscience ; 557: 37-50, 2024 Oct 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38986738

RESUMO

The study employed event-related potential (ERP), time-frequency analysis, and functional connectivity to comprehensively explore the influence of male's relative height on third-party punishment (TPP) and its underlying neural mechanism. The results found that punishment rate and transfer amount are significantly greater when the height of the third-party is lower than that of the recipient, suggesting that male's height disadvantage promotes TPP. Neural results found that the height disadvantage induced a smaller N1. The height disadvantage also evoked greater P300 amplitude, more theta power, and more alpha power. Furthermore, a significantly stronger wPLI between the rTPJ and the posterior parietal and a significantly stronger wPLI between the DLPFC and the posterior parietal were observed when third-party was at the height disadvantage. These results imply that the height disadvantage causes negative emotions and affects the fairness consideration in the early processing stage; the third-party evaluates the blame of violators and makes an appropriate punishment decision later. Our findings indicate that anger and reputation concern caused by height disadvantage promote TPP. The current study holds significance as it underscores the psychological importance of height in males, broadens the perspective on factors influencing TPP, validates the promoting effect of personal disadvantages on prosocial behavior, enriches our understanding of indirect reciprocity theory, and extends the application of the evolution theory of Napoleon complex.


Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Punição , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Estatura/fisiologia , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Adulto , Comportamento Social
8.
Aesthet Surg J ; 2024 Jun 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38870037

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Persistent macrophage infiltration may lead to adverse consequences, such as calcifications and nodules in fat grafts. Lymphatic vessels, which transport inflammatory cells, are involved in regulating inflammatory responses. Less is known, however, about lymphatic vessels after fat grafting. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the regulation of fat graft survival by lymphatic vessels. METHODS: A common adipose graft model was constructed to assess the processes responsible for changes in the number of lymphatic vessels in grafts. Adipose tissue samples from C57/BL6 mice and green fluorescent protein-expressing mice were cross-grafted to determine the source of lymphatic vessels. The number of lymphatic vessels in the grafts was increased by treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor C, and the effects of this increase on fat grafting were evaluated. RESULTS: The number of lymphatic vessels was greater in postgrafted fat than in inguinal fat before transplantation, with lymphatic vessels in these grafts gradually transitioning from donor to recipient sources. Lymphatic vessels grew more slowly than blood vessels during early stages of grafting; during later stages, however, the number of blood vessels declined markedly, with more lymphatic vessels than blood vessels being observed 60 days after grafting. Vascular endothelial growth factor C treatment increased graft lymphatics and distant volume retention, while reducing fibrosis and oil sacs. Lymphatic vessels acted as drainage channels for macrophages, with the degree of sustained macrophage infiltration decreasing with increases in the number of lymphatic vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the number of lymphatic vessels is beneficial for fat graft survival, which may be related to a reduction in prolonged macrophage infiltration.

9.
Biosens Bioelectron ; 260: 116450, 2024 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38843770

RESUMO

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is of great importance to the treatment and prevention of diabetes. As a proven commercial technology, electrochemical glucose sensor based on interstitial fluid (ISF) sensing has high sensitivity and wide detection range. Therefore, it has good promotion prospects in noninvasive or minimally-invasive CGM system. However, since there are concentration differences and time lag between glucose in plasma and ISF, the accuracy of this type of sensors are still limited. Typical calibration algorithms rely on simple linear regression which do not account for the variability of the sensitivity of sensors. To enhance the accuracy and stability of CGM based on ISF, optimization of calibration algorithm for sensors is indispensable. While there have been considerable researches on improving calibration algorithms for CGM, they have still received less attention. This article reviews the problem of typical calibration and presents the outstanding calibration algorithms in recent years. Finally, combined with existing research and emerging sensing technologies, this paper makes an outlook on the future calibration algorithms for CGM sensors.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Técnicas Biossensoriais , Automonitorização da Glicemia , Glicemia , Líquido Extracelular , Líquido Extracelular/química , Técnicas Biossensoriais/instrumentação , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Calibragem , Humanos , Automonitorização da Glicemia/instrumentação , Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Desenho de Equipamento , Monitoramento Contínuo da Glicose
10.
Genome Biol ; 25(1): 136, 2024 05 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38783325

RESUMO

In droplet-based single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq assays, systematic contamination of ambient RNA molecules biases the quantification of gene expression levels. Existing methods correct the contamination for all genes globally. However, there lacks specific evaluation of correction efficacy for varying contamination levels. Here, we show that DecontX and CellBender under-correct highly contaminating genes, while SoupX and scAR over-correct lowly/non-contaminating genes. Here, we develop scCDC as the first method to detect the contamination-causing genes and only correct expression levels of these genes, some of which are cell-type markers. Compared with existing decontamination methods, scCDC excels in decontaminating highly contaminating genes while avoiding over-correction of other genes.


Assuntos
RNA-Seq , Análise de Célula Única , Análise de Célula Única/métodos , RNA-Seq/métodos , Humanos , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Análise de Sequência de RNA/métodos , Núcleo Celular/genética , Software , Animais
12.
Chem Commun (Camb) ; 60(44): 5755-5758, 2024 May 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38747147

RESUMO

Here, we describe an iron-catalyzed benzylic C-H thiolation of alkylarenes via photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge-transfer. The protocol features operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and the use of FeCl3 as catalyst and thiols/disulfides as sulfur sources, which enables the transformation of diverse benzylic C-H bonds into C-S bonds with a high efficiency.

13.
Adv Healthc Mater ; 13(19): e2400707, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38563114

RESUMO

Existing artificial periostea face many challenges, including difficult-to-replicate anisotropy in mechanics and structure, poor tissue adhesion, and neglected synergistic angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Here, inspired by natural wood (NW), a wood-derived elastic artificial periosteum is developed to mimic the structure and functions of natural periosteum, which combines an elastic wood (EW) skeleton, a polydopamine (PDA) binder layer, and layer-by-layer (LBL) biofunctional layers. Specifically, EW derived from NW is utilized as the anisotropic skeleton of artificial periosteum to guide cell directional behaviors, moreover, it also shows a similar elastic modulus and flexibility to natural periosteum. To further enhance its synergistic angiogenesis and osteogenesis, surface LBL biofunctional layers are designed to serve as spatiotemporal release platforms to achieve sequential and long-term release of pamidronate disodium (PDS) and deferoxamine (DFO), which are pre-encapsulated in chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) solutions, respectively. Furthermore, the combined effect of PDA coating and LBL biofunctional layers enables the periosteum to tightly adhere to damaged bone tissue. More importantly, this novel artificial periosteum can boost angiogenesis and bone formation in vitro and in vivo. This study opens up a new path for biomimetic design of artificial periosteum, and provides a feasible clinical strategy for bone repair.


Assuntos
Osteogênese , Periósteo , Madeira , Periósteo/efeitos dos fármacos , Madeira/química , Animais , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Anisotropia , Indóis/química , Indóis/farmacologia , Camundongos , Polímeros/química , Quitosana/química , Ácido Hialurônico/química , Ácido Hialurônico/farmacologia , Neovascularização Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos
14.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1379481, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38645440

RESUMO

Introduction: Differences in control measures and response speeds between regions may be responsible for the differences in the number of infections of global infectious diseases. Therefore, this article aims to examine the decay stage of global infectious diseases. We demonstrate our method by considering the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. Methods: We introduce the concept of the attenuation rate into the varying coefficient SEIR model to measure the effect of different cities on epidemic control, and make inferences through the integrated adjusted Kalman filter algorithm. Results: We applied the varying coefficient SEIR model to 136 cities in China where the total number of confirmed cases exceeded 20 after the implementation of control measures and analyzed the relationship between the estimated attenuation rate and local factors. Subsequent analysis and inference results show that the attenuation rate is significantly related to the local annual GDP and the longitude and latitude of a city or a region. We also apply the varying coefficient SEIR model to other regions outside China. We find that the fitting curve of the average daily number of new confirmed cases simulated by the variable coefficient SEIR model is consistent with the real data. Discussion: The results show that the cities with better economic development are able to control the epidemic more effectively to a certain extent. On the other hand, geographical location also affected the effectiveness of regional epidemic control. In addition, through the results of attenuation rate analysis, we conclude that China and South Korea have achieved good results in controlling the epidemic in 2020.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , China/epidemiologia , Saúde Global , Cidades , SARS-CoV-2 , Algoritmos , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Epidemias/prevenção & controle , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis
15.
Zhen Ci Yan Jiu ; 49(4): 409-414, 2024 Apr 25.
Artigo em Inglês, Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38649210

RESUMO

Hypertension is a global problem threatening human health and life. Although there are many antihypertensive drugs, the low compliance of medication affects its efficacy, and the effect in regulating hypertension has become increasingly prominent. Focusing on the new trend of proactive healthcare management, in the present paper, we made a summary about the status and existing problems of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in the regulation of blood pressure, and put forward some suggestions, such as selecting acupoints based on classical acupuncture theory to highlight the advantages of TEAS to control blood pressure as a whole, optimizing and screening the parameters of TEAS in the regulation of blood pressure, expanding the research observation indexes etc. We also made a prospect about its future application, hoping to provide new ideas for the proactive regulation, whole-process regulation and integrated regulation of blood pressure.


Assuntos
Pontos de Acupuntura , Pressão Sanguínea , Hipertensão , Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea , Humanos , Hipertensão/terapia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia
16.
Planta ; 259(6): 133, 2024 Apr 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38668881

RESUMO

MAIN CONCLUSION: PlARF2 can positively regulate the seed dormancy in Paeonia lactiflora Pall. and bind the RY cis-element. Auxin, a significant phytohormone influencing seed dormancy, has been demonstrated to be regulated by auxin response factors (ARFs), key transcriptional modulators in the auxin signaling pathway. However, the role of this class of transcription factors (TFs) in perennials with complex seed dormancy mechanisms remains largely unexplored. Here, we cloned and characterized an ARF gene from Paeonia lactiflora, named PlARF2, which exhibited differential expression levels in the seeds during the process of seed dormancy release. The deduced amino acid sequence of PlARF2 had high homology with those of other plants and contained typical conserved Auxin_resp domain of the ARF family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PlARF2 was closely related to VvARF3 in Vitis vinifera. The subcellular localization and transcriptional activation assay showed that PlARF2 is a nuclear protein possessing transcriptional activation activity. The expression levels of dormancy-related genes in transgenic callus indicated that PlARF2 was positively correlated with the contents of PlABI3 and PlDOG1. The germination assay showed that PlARF2 promoted seed dormancy. Moreover, TF Centered Yeast one-hybrid assay (TF-Centered Y1H), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and dual-luciferase reporter assay analysis (Dual-Luciferase) provided evidence that PlARF2 can bind to the 'CATGCATG' motif. Collectively, our findings suggest that PlARF2, as TF, could be involved in the regulation of seed dormancy and may act as a repressor of germination.


Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Paeonia , Filogenia , Dormência de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Paeonia/genética , Paeonia/fisiologia , Paeonia/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Dormência de Plantas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Sementes/genética , Sementes/metabolismo , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sementes/fisiologia , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/metabolismo , Germinação/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Sequência de Aminoácidos
17.
IEEE Trans Haptics ; PP2024 Mar 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38502610

RESUMO

This paper proposed linear and non-linear models for predicting human-exoskeleton coupling forces to enhance the studies of human-exoskeleton coupling dynamics. Then the parameters of these models were identified with a newly designed platform and the help of ten adult male and ten adult female volunteers (Age: 23.65 ±4.03 years, Height: 165.60 ±8.32 mm, Weight: 62.35 ±14.09 kg). Comparing the coupling force error predicted by the models with experimental measurements, one obtained a more accurate and robust prediction of the coupling forces with the non-linear model. Moreover, statistical analysis of the experimental data was performed to reveal the correlation between the coupling parameters and coupling positions and looseness. Finally, backpropagation (BP) neural network and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) were used to predict the human-exoskeleton coupling parameters. The significance of each input parameter to the human-exoskeleton coupling parameters was assessed by analyzing the sensitivity of GPR performance to its inputs. The novelty and contribution are the establishment of the non-linear coupling model, the design of the coupling experimental platform and a regression model which provides a possibility to obtain human-exoskeleton without experimental measurement and identification. Based on this work, one can optimize control algorithm and design comfortable human-exoskeleton interaction.

18.
Cancer ; 130(12): 2191-2204, 2024 Jun 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38376917

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 can have a particularly detrimental effect on patients with cancer, but no studies to date have examined if the presence, or site, of metastatic cancer is related to COVID-19 outcomes. METHODS: Using the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) registry, the authors identified 10,065 patients with COVID-19 and cancer (2325 with and 7740 without metastasis at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis). The primary ordinal outcome was COVID-19 severity: not hospitalized, hospitalized but did not receive supplemental O2, hospitalized and received supplemental O2, admitted to an intensive care unit, received mechanical ventilation, or died from any cause. The authors used ordinal logistic regression models to compare COVID-19 severity by presence and specific site of metastatic cancer. They used logistic regression models to assess 30-day all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Compared to patients without metastasis, patients with metastases have increased hospitalization rates (59% vs. 49%) and higher 30 day mortality (18% vs. 9%). Patients with metastasis to bone, lung, liver, lymph nodes, and brain have significantly higher COVID-19 severity (adjusted odds ratios [ORs], 1.38, 1.59, 1.38, 1.00, and 2.21) compared to patients without metastases at those sites. Patients with metastasis to the lung have significantly higher odds of 30-day mortality (adjusted OR, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-2.00) when adjusting for COVID-19 severity. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with metastatic cancer, especially with metastasis to the brain, are more likely to have severe outcomes after COVID-19 whereas patients with metastasis to the lung, compared to patients with cancer metastasis to other sites, have the highest 30-day mortality after COVID-19.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Hospitalização , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias , Sistema de Registros , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/mortalidade , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/patologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias/patologia , Neoplasias/mortalidade , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Respiração Artificial/estatística & dados numéricos
19.
Molecules ; 29(4)2024 Feb 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38398663

RESUMO

A simple strategy was adopted for the preparation of an antimicrobial natural rubber/graphene oxide (NR/GO) composite film modified through the use of zwitterionic polymer brushes. An NR/GO composite film with antibacterial properties was prepared using a water-based solution-casting method. The composited GO was dispersed uniformly in the NR matrix and compensated for mechanical loss in the process of modification. Based on the high bromination activity of α-H in the structure of cis-polyisoprene, the composite films were brominated on the surface through the use of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) under the irradiation of a 40 W tungsten lamp. Polymerization was carried out on the brominated films using sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) as a monomer via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The NR/GO composite films modified using polymer brushes (PSBMAs) exhibited 99.99% antimicrobial activity for resistance to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. A novel polymer modification strategy for NR composite materials was established effectively, and the enhanced antimicrobial properties expand the application prospects in the medical field.

20.
Environ Sci Technol ; 58(12): 5299-5309, 2024 Mar 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38380838

RESUMO

Recent investments in "clean" hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuels are driven by anticipated climate benefits. However, most climate benefit calculations do not adequately account for all climate warming emissions and impacts over time. This study reanalyzes a previously published life cycle assessment as an illustrative example to show how the climate impacts of hydrogen deployment can be far greater than expected when including the warming effects of hydrogen emissions, observed methane emission intensities, and near-term time scales; this reduces the perceived climate benefits upon replacement of fossil fuel technologies. For example, for blue (natural gas with carbon capture) hydrogen pathways, the inclusion of upper-end hydrogen and methane emissions can yield an increase in warming in the near term by up to 50%, whereas lower-end emissions decrease warming impacts by at least 70%. For green (renewable-based electrolysis) hydrogen pathways, upper-end hydrogen emissions can reduce climate benefits in the near term by up to 25%. We also consider renewable electricity availability for green hydrogen and show that if it is not additional to what is needed to decarbonize the electric grid, there may be more warming than that seen with fossil fuel alternatives over all time scales. Assessments of hydrogen's climate impacts should include the aforementioned factors if hydrogen is to be an effective decarbonization tool.


Assuntos
Hidrogênio , Metano , Clima , Gás Natural , Dióxido de Carbono
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