Effects of movement training based on rhythmic auditory stimulation in cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objective: According to the World Alzheimer's Disease Report in 2015,there were 9.9 million new cases of dementia in the world every year. At present, the number of patients suffering from dementia in China has exceeded 8 million, and it may exceed 26 million by 2040.Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to the pathological state of pre-dementia with the manifestation of the progressive decline of memory or other cognitive functions but without decline of activities of daily life. It is particularly important to prevent or prolong the development of MCI into dementia. Research showing effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation based-movement training(RASMT) interventions on cognitive function is also emerging. Therefore, the present meta-analysis briefly summarize findings regarding the impacts of RASMT programs on cognitive impairment. Methods: Data from Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were utilized. The impact of RASMT on cognitive functions was evaluated using indicators such as overall cognitive status, memory, attention, and executive functions. The REVMAN5.3 software was employed to analyze bias risks integrated into the study and the meta-analysis results for each indicator. Results: A total of 1,596 studies were retrieved, of which 1,385 non-randomized controlled studies and 48 repetitive studies were excluded. After reviewing titles and abstracts of the remaining 163 articles, 133 irrelevant studies were excluded, 30 studies were downloaded and read the full text. Among 30 articles, 18 articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded, the other 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Utilizing the Cochrane Collaborative Network Bias Risk Assessment Scale, it was found that 11 studies explained the method of random sequence generation, nine studies did not describe allocation concealment, four were single-blinded to all researchers, and eight reported single-blinding in the evaluation of experimental results. In the meta-analysis, the main outcomes showed statistically significant differences in overall cognitive status [MD = 1.19, 95%CI (0.09, 2.29), (p < 0.05)], attention [MD = -1.86, 95%CI (-3.53, -0.19), (p < 0.05)], memory [MD = 0.71, 95%CI (0.33, 1.09), (p < 0.01)], and executive function [MD = -0.23, 95% CI (-0.44, -0.02), (p < 0.05)]. Secondary outcomes indicated no statistically significant differences in verbal fluency [MD = -0.51, 95%CI (-1.30, 0.27), (p = 0.20)], while depression [MD = -0.29, 95% CI (-0.42, -0.16), (p < 0.01)] and anxiety [MD = 0.19, 95% CI (0.06, 0.32), (p < 0.01)] exhibited statistically significant differences. The GRADEpro GDT online tool assessed the quality of evidence for the outcome measures, revealing one low-quality outcome, two moderate-quality outcomes, and one high-quality outcome in this review. Conclusion: This study shows that RASMT can improve the general cognitive status, memory, attention and executive function of patients with cognitive impairment. The quality of evidence revealed that MMSE was low, attention and memory were moderate, and executive function was high. The RAMST program (type of exercise: play percussion instruments; time of exercise: 30-60 min; frequency of exercise: 2-3 times/week; duration of exercise: more than 12 weeks) was proved to be more effective in improving cognitive function. However, the sample size is relatively insufficient, the future needs further study. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42023483561.

Chemosensory Protein 2 of Male Athetis lepigone Is Involved in the Perception of Sex Pheromones and Maize Volatiles.

In moths, the interactions between chemosensory proteins (CSPs) and sex pheromones have yet to be comprehensively investigated. Here, we examined the function of AlepCSP2 in male Athetis lepigone based on protein expression, molecular docking, site-directed mutagenesis, fluorescence competitive binding analyses, and RNA interference (RNAi) experiments. We found that AlepCSP2 showed strong binding affinity for two sex pheromones and five maize volatiles and that binding was optimal under neutral conditions. Furthermore, we identified six amino acids as being key residues involved in the interaction between AlepCSP2 and multiple ligands. Further RNAi showed that siCSP2 males displayed consistently lower electroantennography responses to two sex pheromones and three maize volatiles at different dosages tested, and the mating rate also decreased significantly by 37.50%. These findings will contribute to characterizing the binding mechanisms of moth CSPs to sex pheromones and host volatiles and also identify unique targets for developing novel pest behavior disruptors.

Synthesis of Allenyl-Bdan via Cu(I)-Catalyzed Borylation of Propargyl gem-Dichlorides.

A copper-catalyzed borylation of propargyl dichlorides was developed under mild reaction conditions. The corresponding chloro-substituted allenyl-Bdan products were obtained in good yields. The utilities of allenyl-Bdan products were examined by their diverse derivatizations.

Copper-Catalyzed Regiodivergent and Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Allenes.

A copper-catalyzed regiodivergent hydrosilylation of a wide range of simple allenes is reported. Linear and branched allylsilanes were formed by judicious choice of solvents. Furthermore, branched allylsilanes were obtained with high enantioselectivity (up to 97% enantiomeric excess) with the aid of a C2-symmetric bisphosphine ligand in the unprecedented asymmetric allene hydrosilylation.

(4 + 2) cyclization of aza-o-quinone methides with azlactones: construction of biologically important dihydroquinolinone frameworks.

A base-promoted (4 + 2) cyclization of aza-o-quinone methides (aza-o-QMs) in situ generated from N-(o-chloromethyl)aryl amides was established. In this approach, azlactones were utilized as competent two-atom reaction partners to undergo (4 + 2) cyclization with aza-o-QMs, which afforded a series of dihydroquinolinone derivatives in overall good yields (up to 98%). This protocol has not only advanced the development of aza-o-QM-involved reactions, but also offered a useful method for constructing biologically important dihydroquinolinone frameworks.

Electrochemical biosensors based on antibody, nucleic acid and enzyme functionalized graphene for the detection of disease-related biomolecules.

The unique physical structure and chemical and electrical properties of graphene make it an ideal choice for sensor materials. The sensing platform of biomolecule functionalized graphene has received extensive attention due to its high sensitivity and selectivity, especially the biosensors constructed by combining antibodies, nucleic acids and enzymes that efficiently recognize specific targets with graphene having a large specific surface area and a fast electron transfer rate, which has become a significant research direction. In this paper, electrochemical biosensors based on graphene materials developed in recent years are summarized. The methods of functional modification of graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide with antibodies, nucleic acids and enzymes are briefly described. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the constructed electrochemical biosensors in detecting pathogens and disease markers are also reviewed. Finally, we are optimistic about this prospect for the development direction and application prospects of such electrochemical biosensors.

An ultrasensitive fluorescent aptasensor for detection of cancer marker proteins based on graphene oxide-ssDNA.

A novel biosensing platform was developed by integrating a new ssDNA aptamer and graphene oxide (GO) for highly sensitive and selective detection of liver cancer biomarkers (alpha-fetoprotein, AFP). The key concept of this biosensing platform is that the fluorescence of dye-modified ssDNA can be effectively quenched by GO after forming the hybrid structure of graphene oxide-ssDNA (GO-ssDNA). The AFP can selectively react with GO-ssDNA and lead to the decomposition of GO-ssDNA, which results in the recovery of fluorescence, and an increase in fluorescence intensity with the increasing concentration of AFP in the range of 0 to 300 pg mL-1. The linear range was obtained from 1 to 150 pg mL-1 and the detection limit was 0.909 pg mL-1. Moreover, this biosensing platform can be applied to serum and cell imaging for the detection of AFP. The results show that the proposed biosensor has great potential application in AFP-related clinical diagnosis and research.