Reviving Cost-Effective Organic Cathodes in Halide-Based All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

The evolution of inorganic solid electrolytes has revolutionized the field of sustainable organic cathode materials, particularly addressing the dissolution problems in traditional liquid electrolytes. However, current sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium-organic batteries still face challenges such as high working temperatures, high costs, and low voltage. Here, we design an all-solid-state lithium battery based on a cost-effective organic cathode material phenanthrenequinone (PQ) and a halide solid electrolyte Li2ZrCl6. Thanks to the good compatibility between PQ and Li2ZrCl6, the PQ cathode achieved a high specific capacity of 248 mAh g-1 (96% of the theoretical capacity), a high average discharge voltage of 2.74 V (vs. Li+/Li), and a good capacity retention of 95% after 100 cycles at room temperature (25 °C). Furthermore, the interaction between the high-voltage carbonyl PQ cathode and both sulfide and halide solid electrolytes, as well as the redox mechanism of PQ cathode in all-solid-state batteries,  were carefully studied by a variety of advanced characterizations. We believe such a design and the corresponding investigations for the underlying chemistry give insights into the further development of practical all-solid-state lithium-organic batteries.

Influence of Herba Houttuyniae added to fodder on the morphological structure of the intestinal tract, the digestive enzymes, the intestinal flora, and immune function of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) infected with Aeromonas veronii.

This study investigated whether adding Herba Houttuyniae to feed can improve intestinal function and prevent diseases for koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) infected with Aeromonas veronii. There was a total of 168 koi carp with an average body length of (9.43 ± 0.99) cm and an average body weight of (26.00 ± 11.40) g. The K group was the control group fed with basal feed, while the C group was fed with feed with a H. houttuyniae content of six per thousand. After 14 days of feeding, the fish were fasted for a day and then intraperitoneally injected with A. veronii for artificial infection, injection dose is 0.2 mL, and the concentration is 1 × 107 CFU/mL. Samples were collected from the two groups on days 0, 1, 2, and 4. The fold height, intestinal villus width, and muscle layer thickness in the gut of the koi carp were measured. In addition, on day 4, the activities of trypsin, α-amylase, and lipase in the gut were determined, and the intestinal flora of the carp in both groups was tested. The results showed that on the second and fourth days of sampling, the fold height and muscle layer thickness in the C group were significantly higher than those in the K group (P < 0.05). The villus width in the C group was slightly higher than that in the K group, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Microscopic observation revealed that the intestinal structure of the carp in the C4 (day 4 in C group) group was more intact than that in the K4 (day 4 in K group) group. Moreover, the activities of trypsin, α-amylase, and lipase in the foregut and midgut in the C4 group were higher than those in the K4 group (P < 0.05). The activities of trypsin and α-amylase in the hindgut in the C4 group were higher than those in the K4 group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, beneficial bacteria, especially those in the genus Cetobacterium, were more abundant in the intestinal tract of the carp in the C4 group compared to the K group. In addition, comparisons and tests of IL-4 and IL-10 in the intestines of the fish in both groups demonstrated that the H. houttuyniae added to feed enhanced the immune function of the fish intestines after bacterial attack. In conclusion, for koi carp infected with A.veronii, adding H. houttuyniae to their feed not only improves the activity of digestive enzymes and the morphological structure of the intestine but also optimizes the beneficial intestinal microbiota, thereby protecting the intestinal tract.

Creating High-entropy Single Atoms on Transition Disulfides through Substrate-induced Redox Dynamics for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

The controllable anchoring of multiple metal single-atoms (SAs) into a single support exhibits scientific and technological opportunities,while marrying the concentration-complex multimetallic SAs and high-entropy SAs (HESAs) into one SAC system remains a substantial challenge.Here, we present a substrate-mediated SAs formation strategy to successfully fabricate a library of multimetallic SAs and HESAs on MoS2 and MoSe2 supports, which can precisely control the doping location of SAs. Specially, the contents of SAs can continuously increase until the accessible Mo atoms on TMDs carriers are completely replaced by SAs, thus allowing the of much higher metal contents.In-depth mechanistic study shows that the well-controlled synthesis of multimetallic SAs and HESAs is realized by controlling the reversible redox reaction occurred on the TMDs/TM ion interface.As a proof-of-concept application, a variety of SAs-TMDs were applied to hydrogen evolution reaction. The optimized HESAs-TMDs (Pt,Ru,Rh,Pd,Re-MoSe2) delivers a much higher activity and durability than state of-the-art Pt. Thus, our work will broaden the family of single-atom catalysts and provide a new guideline for the rational design of high-performance single-atom catalysts.

Bridging the gap between academic research and industrial development in advanced all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries.

The energy storage and vehicle industries are heavily investing in advancing all-solid-state batteries to overcome critical limitations in existing liquid electrolyte-based lithium-ion batteries, specifically focusing on mitigating fire hazards and improving energy density. All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs), featuring earth-abundant sulfur cathodes, high-capacity metallic lithium anodes, and non-flammable solid electrolytes, hold significant promise. Despite these appealing advantages, persistent challenges like sluggish sulfur redox kinetics, lithium metal failure, solid electrolyte degradation, and manufacturing complexities hinder their practical use. To facilitate the transition of these technologies to an industrial scale, bridging the gap between fundamental scientific research and applied R&D activities is crucial. Our review will address the inherent challenges in cell chemistries within ASSLSBs, explore advanced characterization techniques, and delve into innovative cell structure designs. Furthermore, we will provide an overview of the recent trends in R&D and investment activities from both academia and industry. Building on the fundamental understandings and significant progress that has been made thus far, our objective is to motivate the battery community to advance ASSLSBs in a practical direction and propel the industrialized process.

A Universal Self-Propagating Synthesis of Aluminum-Based Oxyhalide Solid-State Electrolytes.

Inorganic solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) play a vital role in high-energy all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). However, the current method of SSE preparation usually involves high-energy mechanical ball milling and/or a high-temperature annealing process, which is not suitable for practical application. Here, a facile strategy is developed to realize the scalable synthesis of cost-effective aluminum-based oxyhalide SSEs, which involves a self-propagating method by the exothermic reaction of the raw materials. This strategy enables the synthesis of various aluminum-based oxyhalide SSEs with tunable components and high ionic conductivities (over 10-3 S cm-1 at 25 °C) for different cations (Li+, Na+, Ag+). It is elucidated that the amorphous matrix, which mainly consists of various oxidized chloroaluminate species that provide numerous sites for smooth ion migration, is actually the key factor for the achieved high conductivities. The application of these aluminum-based oxyhalide SSEs synthesized by our approach further pushes forward their practical application considering their easy synthesis, low cost, and low weight that ensures high-energy-density ASSBs.

Lithium Metal-Compatible Antifluorite Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries.

Lithium (Li) metal solid-state batteries feature high energy density and improved safety and thus are recognized as promising alternatives to traditional Li-ion batteries. In practice, using Li metal anodes remains challenging because of the lack of a superionic solid electrolyte that has good stability against reduction decomposition at the anode side. Here, we propose a new electrolyte design with an antistructure (compared to conventional inorganic structures) to achieve intrinsic thermodynamic stability with a Li metal anode. Li-rich antifluorite solid electrolytes are designed and synthesized, which give a high ionic conductivity of 2.1 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature with three-dimensional fast Li-ion transport pathways and demonstrate high stability in Li-Li symmetric batteries. Reversible full cells with a Li metal anode and LiCoO2 cathode are also presented, showing the potential of Li-rich antifluorites as Li metal-compatible solid electrolytes for high-energy-density solid-state batteries.

Synergistic Ni-W Dimer Sites Induced Stable Compressive Strain for Boosting the Performance of Pt as Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Alloying Pt catalysts with transition metal elements is an effective pathway to enhance the performance of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), but often accompanied with severe metal dissolution issue, resulting in poor stability of alloy catalysts. Here, instead of forming traditional alloy structure, we modify Pt surface with a novel Ni-W dimer structure by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The obtained NiW@PtC catalyst exhibits superior ORR performance both in liquid half-cell and practical fuel cell compared with initial Pt/C. It is discovered that strong synergistic Ni-W dimer structure arising from short atomic distance induced a stable compressive strain on the Pt surface, thus boosting Pt catalytic performance. This surface modification by synergistic dimer sites offers an effective strategy in tailoring Pt with excellent activity and stability, which provides a significant perspective in boosting the performance of commercial Pt catalyst modified with polymetallic atom sites.

Deciphering the critical role of interstitial volume in glassy sulfide superionic conductors.

Sulfide electrolytes represent a crucial category of superionic conductors for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Among sulfide electrolytes, glassy sulfide is highly promising due to its long-range disorder and grain-boundary-free nature. However, the lack of comprehension regarding glass formation chemistry has hindered their progress. Herein, we propose interstitial volume as the decisive factor influencing halogen dopant solubility within a glass matrix. We engineer a Li3PS4-Li4SiS4 complex structure within the sulfide glassy network to facilitate the release of interstitial volume. Consequently, we increase the dissolution capacity of LiI to 40 mol% in 75Li2S-25P2S5 glass. The synthesized glass exhibits one of the highest ionic conductivities among reported glass sulfides. Furthermore, we develop a glassy/crystalline composite electrolyte to mitigate the shortcomings of argyrodite-type sulfides by utilizing our synthesized glass as the filler. The composite electrolytes effectively mitigate Li intrusion. This work unveils a protocol for the dissolution of halogen dopants in glass electrolytes.

Whole-Genome Resequencing Reveals Genetic Diversity and Wool Trait-Related Genes in Liangshan Semi-Fine-Wool Sheep.

Understanding the genetic makeup of local sheep breeds is essential for their scientific conservation and sustainable utilization. The Liangshan semi-fine-wool sheep (LSS), a Chinese semi-fine-wool breed renowned for its soft wool, was analyzed using whole-genome sequencing data including 35 LSS, 84 sheep from other domestic breeds, and 20 Asiatic mouflons. We investigated the genetic composition of LSS by conducting analyses of the population structure, runs of homozygosity, genomic inbreeding coefficients, and selection signature. Our findings indicated that LSS shares greater genetic similarity with Border Leicester and Romney sheep than with Tibetan (TIB), Yunnan (YNS), and Chinese Merino sheep. Genomic analysis indicated low to moderate inbreeding coefficients, ranging from 0.014 to 0.154. In identifying selection signals across the LSS genome, we pinpointed 195 candidate regions housing 74 annotated genes (e.g., IRF2BP2, BVES, and ALOX5). We also found the overlaps between the candidate regions and several known quantitative trait loci related to wool traits, such as the wool staple length and wool fiber diameter. A selective sweep region, marked by the highest value of cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity, encompassed IRF2BP2-an influential candidate gene affecting fleece fiber traits. Furthermore, notable differences in genotype frequency at a mutation site (c.1051 + 46T > C, Chr25: 6,784,190 bp) within IRF2BP2 were observed between LSS and TIB and YNS sheep (Fisher's exact test, p < 2.2 × 10-16). Taken together, these findings offer insights crucial for the conservation and breeding enhancement of LSS.

Effects of Enterococcus faecium (R8a) on nonspecific immune gene expression, immunity and intestinal flora of giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon).

In this study, Penaeus monodon were gave basic feed supplemented with three levels of Enterococcus faecium. Then, the expression of non-specific immunity-related genes, and the activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), phenol oxidase (PO) were evaluated. Meanwhile, the disease resistance test and intestinal flora determination were conducted. The results showed that the MDA levels of 2% and 5% E. faecium groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). While the SOD and T-AOC and ACP and AKP of experimental groups were significantly higher (P < 0.05), the PO of experimental groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the expressions of immunity-related genes (tlr22, dorsal, lysozyme, crustin, imd, and relish) in the 2% and 5% E. faecalis groups were significantly greater than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After P. monodon was challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus for 7 days, the average cumulative mortality of P. monodon in the 2% and 5% groups were significantly lower than that in the 0% group (P < 0.05). With the increase of feeding time, the number of effective OTUs in each group showed a downward trend. At the 14th d, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, the dominant flora in the intestinal tract of P. monodon. In summary, supplied with E. faecium could increase the expression of non-specific immunity-related genes, enhance the immune capacity of P. monodon.

Cubic Iodide Lix YI3+x Superionic Conductors through Defect Manipulation for All-Solid-State Li Batteries.

Halide solid electrolytes (SEs) have attracted significant attention due to their competitive ionic conductivity and good electrochemical stability. Among typical halide SEs (chlorides, bromides, and iodides), substantial efforts have been dedicated to chlorides or bromides, with iodide SEs receiving less attention. Nevertheless, compared with chlorides or bromides, iodides have both a softer Li sublattice and lower reduction limit, which enable iodides to possess potentially high ionic conductivity and intrinsic anti-reduction stability, respectively. Herein, we report a new series of iodide SEs: Lix YI3+x (x=2, 3, 4, or 9). Through synchrotron X-ray/neutron diffraction characterizations and theoretical calculations, we revealed that the Lix YI3+x SEs belong to the high-symmetry cubic structure, and can accommodate abundant vacancies. By manipulating the defects in the iodide structure, balanced Li-ion concentration and generated vacancies enables an optimized ionic conductivity of 1.04 × 10-3  S cm-1 at 25 °C for Li4 YI7 . Additionally, the promising Li-metal compatibility of Li4 YI7 is demonstrated via electrochemical characterizations (particularly all-solid-state Li-S batteries) combined with interface molecular dynamics simulations. Our study on iodide SEs provides deep insights into the relation between high-symmetry halide structures and ionic conduction, which can inspire future efforts to revitalize halide SEs.

The Fate of Microplastics, Derived from Disposable Masks, in Natural Aquatic Environments.

This paper mainly reviews the fate of microplastics, released from used face masks, in the water environment. Through previous experiments, the amount of fiber microplastics released from used face masks into aqueous environments was not negligible, with the maximum microplastics releasing amount reaching 10,000 piece·day-1 for each mask. Microplastic derived from these masks often occurred in the shape of polymeric fibers that resulted from the breakage of the chemical bonds in the plastic fibers by the force of water flow. The potential contact forces between microplastics (originating from face masks) with other pollutants, primarily encompass hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. This critical review paper briefly illustrates the fate of microplastics derived from disposable face masks, further devising effective strategies to mitigate the environmental impact of plastic particle release from the used personal protective equipment.

Amorphous Oxyhalide Matters for Achieving Lithium Superionic Conduction.

The recently surged halide-based solid electrolytes (SEs) are great candidates for high-performance all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), due to their decent ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical stability window, and good compatibility with high-voltage oxide cathodes. In contrast to the crystalline phases in halide SEs, amorphous components are rarely understood but play an important role in Li-ion conduction. Here, we reveal that the presence of amorphous component is common in halide-based SEs that are prepared via mechanochemical method. The fast Li-ion migration is found to be associated with the local chemistry of the amorphous proportion. Taking Zr-based halide SEs as an example, the amorphization process can be regulated by incorporating O, resulting in the formation of corner-sharing Zr-O/Cl polyhedrons. This structural configuration has been confirmed through X-ray absorption spectroscopy, pair distribution function analyses, and Reverse Monte Carlo modeling. The unique structure significantly reduces the energy barriers for Li-ion transport. As a result, an enhanced ionic conductivity of (1.35 ± 0.07) × 10-3 S cm-1 at 25 °C can be achieved for amorphous Li3ZrCl4O1.5. In addition to the improved ionic conductivity, amorphization of Zr-based halide SEs via incorporation of O leads to good mechanical deformability and promising electrochemical performance. These findings provide deep insights into the rational design of desirable halide SEs for high-performance ASSBs.

Structural regulation of halide superionic conductors for all-solid-state lithium batteries.

Metal halide solid-state electrolytes have gained widespread attention due to their high ionic conductivities, wide electrochemical stability windows, and good compatibility with oxide cathode materials. The exploration of highly ionic conductive halide electrolytes is actively ongoing. Thus, understanding the relationship between composition and crystal structure can be a critical guide for designing better halide electrolytes, which still remains obscure for reliable prediction. Here we show that the cationic polarization factor, which describes the geometric and ionic conditions, is effective in predicting the stacking structure of halide electrolytes formation. By supplementing this principle with rational design and preparation of more than 10 lithium halide electrolytes with high conductivity over 10-3 S cm-1 at 25 °C, we establish that there should be a variety of promising halide electrolytes that have yet to be discovered and developed. This methodology may enable the systematic screening of various potential halide electrolytes and demonstrate an approach to the design of halide electrolytes with superionic conductivity beyond the structure and stability predictions.

Precise Tailoring of Lithium-Ion Transport for Ultralong-Cycling Dendrite-Free All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.

All-solid-state lithium metal batteries can address crucial challenges regarding insufficient battery cycling life and energy density. The demonstration of long-cycling dendrite-free all-solid-state lithium metal batteries requires precise tailoring of lithium-ion transport of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). In this work, a proof of concept is reported for precise tailoring of lithium-ion transport of a halide SSE, Li3InCl6, including intragranular (within grains) but also intergranular (between grains) lithium-ion transport. Lithium-ion migration tailoring mechanism in crystals is developed by unexpected enhanced Li, In, and Cl vacancy populations and lower energy barrier for hopping. The lithium-ion transport tailoring mechanism between the grains is determined by the elimination of voids between grains and the formation of unexpected supersonic conducting grain boundaries, boosting the lithium dendrite suppression ability of SSE. Due to boosted lithium-ion conduction and dendrite-suppression ability, the all-solid-state lithium metal batteries coupled with Ni-rich LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 cathodes and lithium metal anodes demonstrate breakthroughs in electrochemical performance by achieving extremely long cycling life at a high current density of 0.5 C (2000 cycles, 93.7% capacity retention). This concept of precise tailoring of lithium-ion transport provides a cost, time, and energy efficient solution to conquer the remaining challenges in all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries for fast developing electric vehicle markets.

Halide Heterogeneous Structure Boosting Ionic Diffusion and High-Voltage Stability of Sodium Superionic Conductors.

The development of solid-state sodium-ion batteries (SSSBs) heavily hinges on the development of an superionic Na+ conductor (SSC) that features high conductivity, (electro)chemical stability, and deformability. The construction of heterogeneous structures offers a promising approach to comprehensively enhancing these properties in a way that differs from traditional structural optimization. Here, this work exploits the structural variance between high- and low-coordination halide frameworks to develop a new class of halide heterogeneous structure electrolytes (HSEs). The halide HSEs incorporating a UCl3 -type high-coordination framework and amorphous low-coordination phase achieves the highest Na+ conductivity (2.7 mS cm-1 at room temperature, RT) among halide SSCs so far. By discerning the individual contribution of the crystalline bulk, amorphous region, and interface, this work unravels the synergistic ion conduction within halide HSEs and provides a comprehensive explanation of the amorphization effect. More importantly, the excellent deformability, high-voltage stability, and expandability of HSEs enable effective SSSB integration. Using a cold-pressed cathode electrode composite of uncoated Na0.85 Mn0.5 Ni0.4 Fe0.1 O2 and HSEs, the SSSBs present stable cycle performance with a capacity retention of 91.0% after 100 cycles at 0.2 C.

A Dual Anion Chemistry-Based Superionic Glass Enabling Long-Cycling All-Solid-State Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Glassy Na-ion solid-state electrolytes (GNSSEs) are an important group of amorphous SSEs. However, the insufficient ionic conductivity of state-of-the-art GNSSEs at room temperature lessens their promise in the development of all-solid-state Na-ion batteries (ASSNIBs) with high energy density and improved safety. Here we report the discovery of a new sodium superionic glass, 0.5Na2 O2 -TaCl5 (NTOC), based on dual-anion sublattice of oxychlorides. The unique local structures with abundant bridging and non-bridging oxygen atoms contributes to a highly disordered Na-ion distribution as well as low Na+ migration barrier within NTOC, enabling an ultrahigh ionic conductivity of 4.62 mS cm-1 at 25 °C (more than 20 times higher than those of previously reported GNSSEs). Moreover, the excellent formability of glassy NTOC electrolyte and its high electrochemical oxidative stability ensure a favourable electrolyte-electrode interface, contributing to superior cycling stability of ASSNIBs for over 500 cycles at room temperature. The discovery of glassy NTOC electrolyte would reignite research enthusiasm in superionic glassy SSEs based on multi-anion chemistry.

Inorganic Polysulfide Chemistries for Better Energy Storage Systems.

ConspectusSulfur-based cathode materials have become a research hot spot as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation, high-energy lithium batteries. However, the insulating nature of elemental sulfur or organosulfides has become the biggest challenge that leads to dramatic degradation and hinders their practical application. The disadvantage is more obvious for all-solid-state battery systems, which require both high electronic and ionic migration at the same sites to realize a complete electrochemical reaction. In addition to adding conductive components into the cathode composites, another effective way to realize high-reversibility sulfur-based cathodes is by optimizing the inherent nature of sulfur-based materials to make them "conductive". Inorganic polysulfide materials including polysulfide molecules, selenium-sulfur solid solutions, and (lithium) metal polysulfides are promising, as they have different structures that can make them intrinsically conductive or becoming conductive during lithiation. They all contain at least one -S-S- bridged bond, which is the intrinsic structural characteristic and the source of the chemical properties of these polysulfide compounds. For example, by balancing the conductivity and reversible capacity, researchers in the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have shown that 500 Wh/kg solid-state Li-Se/S batteries can power cars and even electric aircraft.We have long been focusing on the inorganic polysulfide component, reported the selenium-sulfur solid solutions, the first sulfur-rich phosphorus polysulfide molecules, and followed the research of metal polysulfide components. The proposed Account summarizes our current knowledge of the fundamental aspects of inorganic polysulfides in energy storage systems based on state-of-the-art publications on this topic. Both fast electron and ion migrations within the electrode materials are vital to achieving high-energy batteries. We begin by illustrating effective approaches to enhance the electronic/ionic conductivity of sulfur-based electrode materials. We then present some basic observations and properties (especially the intrinsic high conductivities) of the inorganic polysulfide electrode materials. The key chemical and structural factors dictating their conductive and electrochemical behaviors will be discussed. Finally, we show the advantages and broad applications of inorganic polysulfides in energy storage areas. The proposed Account will provide an insightful perspective on the current knowledge of inorganic polysulfide materials, as well as their future research directions and development potential, serving as a keynote reference for researchers in the field of energy storage.

Challenges and approaches of single-crystal Ni-rich layered cathodes in lithium batteries.

High energy density and high safety are incompatible with each other in a lithium battery, which challenges today's energy storage and power applications. Ni-rich layered transition metal oxides (NMCs) have been identified as the primary cathode candidate for powering next-generation electric vehicles and have been extensively studied in the last two decades, leading to the fast growth of their market share, including both polycrystalline and single-crystal NMC cathodes. Single-crystal NMCs appear to be superior to polycrystalline NMCs, especially at low Ni content (≤60%). However, Ni-rich single-crystal NMC cathodes experience even faster capacity decay than polycrystalline NMC cathodes, rendering them unsuitable for practical application. Accordingly, this work will systematically review the attenuation mechanism of single-crystal NMCs and generate fresh insights into valuable research pathways. This perspective will provide a direction for the development of Ni-rich single-crystal NMC cathodes.

Design principles for sodium superionic conductors.

Motivated by the high-performance solid-state lithium batteries enabled by lithium superionic conductors, sodium superionic conductor materials have great potential to empower sodium batteries with high energy, low cost, and sustainability. A critical challenge lies in designing and discovering sodium superionic conductors with high ionic conductivities to enable the development of solid-state sodium batteries. Here, by studying the structures and diffusion mechanisms of Li-ion versus Na-ion conducting solids, we reveal the structural feature of face-sharing high-coordination sites for fast sodium-ion conductors. By applying this feature as a design principle, we discover a number of Na-ion conductors in oxides, sulfides, and halides. Notably, we discover a chloride-based family of Na-ion conductors NaxMyCl6 (M = La-Sm) with UCl3-type structure and experimentally validate with the highest reported ionic conductivity. Our findings not only pave the way for the future development of sodium-ion conductors for sodium batteries, but also consolidate design principles of fast ion-conducting materials for a variety of energy applications.