RESUMO
In general, women appear to report lumbopelvic pain (LPP) more frequently. In addition to the biomechanical risks, this systematic review aimed to identify the add-on biopsychosocial implications of LPP among women in the Indian community. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PEDro, and Google Scholar were searched twice from inception to a final systematic literature search in December 2022. All studies addressing Indian women with LPP were selected. Studies on non-musculoskeletal LPP were excluded. Qualities of non-experimental and experimental research articles were assessed through the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist and Cochrane risk of bias criteria for Effective Practice and Organization of Care reviewsrespectively. Data synthesis was narrative as the selected studies differed substantially. Habitual squatting, kneeling, and continuous sitting were identified as ergonomic risks to LPP. Menopause, cesarean, and multiple deliveries influence the onset of LPP among women. There is a severe deficit in data about the musculoskeletal implications of LPP. There are insufficient data present to summarize the biopsychosocial risks of LPP. Even the exact anatomical sites of LPP were not described in most articles. Due to the severe scarcity of data, there is an alarming need to explore the musculoskeletal as well as psychosocial consequences of LPP in Indian women. Among rural women, LPP was common in those working as laborers; which are physically robust jobs with respect to strength and anthropometrics of women. Domestic chores in India involve a lot of manual work; placing unequal loads on the lumbar spine, eventually resulting in LPP. Therefore ergonomic strategies for women should be designed to meet the needs and demands of their respective occupations as well as domestic chores.
RESUMO
Low back pain (LBP) is a common problem encountered among women worldwide. This research aimed at the cross-cultural translation, adaptation, and equivalence assessment of the Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire (LBPKQ) in the Hindi language. The LBPKQ, originally in English (E-LBPKQ) was translated and validated in the Hindi language (H-LBPKQ). The forward-backward procedure was adapted from the recommended guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of measures. Psychometric properties of the H-LBPKQ were evaluated among 250 Hindi-speaking Indian women with LBP. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in the first 161 participants of the study sample. The overall LBPKQ scores obtained a mean of 3.1 ± 1.1. The internal consistency was excellent for both E-LBPKQ and H-LBPKQ, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.983 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.980-0.986) and 0.975 (95% CI, 0.970-0.979), respectively. Construct validity was good, with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of 0.892 for E-LBPKQ and 0.852 for H-LBPKQ. Bartlett's test of sphericity (P < .0001) was significant for E-LBPKQ and H-LBPKQ. Two factors were extracted through principal component analysis. The H-LBPKQ is valid and reliable to assess LBP knowledge among Hindi speaking population. Low LBPKQ scores indicate poor LBP knowledge; hence, LBP sensitization is needed among Indian women.