Overview of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in myeloproliferative neoplasms.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) occur due to the abnormal proliferation of one or more terminal myeloid cell lines in peripheral blood. Subjects suffering from MPNs display a high burden of cardiovascular risk factors, and thrombotic events are often the cause of death in this population of patients. Herein, we provide a brief overview of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome and their epidemiology in MPNs and examine the common molecular mechanisms between dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and MPNs, with a special focus on cardiovascular risk, atherosclerosis, and thrombotic events. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome on the occurrence and survival of thrombosis in MPN patients, as well as the management of dyslipidemia in MPNs, and the impact of MPN treatment on serum lipid concentrations, particularly as side/adverse effects reported in the context of clinical trials.

The role of IL-2 cytokine family in asthma.

BACKGROUND: The interleukin-2 (IL-2) family of cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21, are pivotal regulators of the immune response, impacting both innate and adaptive immunity. Understanding their molecular characteristics, receptor interactions, and signalling pathways is essential for elucidating their roles in health and disease. OBJECTIVES: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the IL-2 family of cytokines, highlighting their molecular biology, receptor interactions, and signalling mechanisms. Furthermore, it explores the involvement of IL-2 family cytokines in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases, with a specific focus on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. METHODS: A thorough literature review was conducted to gather insights into the molecular biology, receptor interactions, and signalling pathways of IL-2 family cytokines. Additionally, studies investigating the roles of these cytokines in chronic respiratory diseases, particularly COPD and asthma, were analysed to discern their implications in wider pathophysiology of disease. RESULTS: IL-2 family cytokines exert pleiotropic effects on immune cells, modulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Dysregulation of IL-2 family cytokines has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory illnesses, including COPD and asthma. Elevated levels of IL-2 and IL-9 have been associated with disease severity in COPD, while IL-4 and IL-9 play crucial roles in asthma pathogenesis by promoting airway inflammation and remodelling. CONCLUSION: Understanding the intricate roles of IL-2 family cytokines in chronic respiratory diseases provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for these conditions. Targeting specific cytokines or their receptors may offer novel treatment modalities to attenuate disease progression and improve clinical outcomes in patients with COPD and asthma.

Immunologic response and seroconversion following third-dose COVID-19 vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients: A meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The immunogenicity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination varied by demographic, including solid organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy. AIM: This purpose of this study is to assess seropositivity and seroconversion in solid-organ transplant recipients before and after third-dose COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis performed using PRISMA guidelines. To analyze clinical and cohort studies reporting immunologic response and seroconversion third-dose vaccination, a systematic search was performed using electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ), and Clinicaltrials.gov). RESULT: There were 18 full-text papers that could be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. After the third vaccination, the pooled rate seropositivity was 67.00% (95% CI 59.511; 74.047, I2 = 93.82%), and the pooled rate seroconversion was 52.51% (95% CI 44.03; 60.91, I2 = 92.15%). The pooled rate of seroconversion after the mRNA-based booster was 52.380% (95% CI 40.988; 63.649, I2 = 94.35%), and after the viral-vector-based booster was 42.478% (95% CI 35.222; 49.900, I2 = 0.00%). CONCLUSION: Based on the analysis of immunologic responses and seroconversion findings, the third-dose vaccination of solid organ transplant recipients is an effective method in establishing better immunity against COVID-19.

Budd-Chiari syndrome in myeloproliferative neoplasms: A review of literature.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are defined as clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell in which an exaggerated production of terminally differentiated myeloid cells occurs. Classical, Philadelphia-negative MPNs, i.e., polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis, exhibit a propensity towards the development of thrombotic complications that can occur in unusual sites, e.g., portal, splanchnic or hepatic veins, the placenta or cerebral sinuses. The pathogenesis of thrombotic events in MPNs is complex and requires an intricate mechanism involving endothelial injury, stasis, elevated leukocyte adhesion, integrins, neutrophil extracellular traps, somatic mutations (e.g., the V617F point mutation in the JAK2 gene), microparticles, circulating endothelial cells, and other factors, to name a few. Herein, we review the available data on Budd-Chiari syndrome in Philadelphia-negative MPNs, with a particular focus on its epidemiology, pathogenesis, histopathology, risk factors, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.