[Gut microbiota in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis]. / Mikrobiota kishechnika u patsientov s remittiruyushchim rasseyannym sklerozom.

Microorganisms in human life play a huge role: in particular, those that coexist with the host organism, inhabiting the skin, upper respiratory tract, external genitalia and especially the digestive tract. The intestinal microbiota, including bacteriome, mycobiome and virome, not only takes part in the digestion process, but also provides the synthesis of a number of vitamins. The intestinal microbiome also serves as the basis for a system of extensive bidirectional neuroendocrine pathways that connect microbiota with various regions of the central nervous system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, and the peripheral parts of the autonomic nervous system. This system of connections has got the name of gut-brain axis and has attracted close attention of scientists over the past two decades, since a targeted impact on the intestinal flora is potentially capable of changing the nature of nervous system regulatory influences on the whole body. It is especially important to study patterns of functioning of the gut-brain axis in patients with the nervous system pathology, namely neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases. Methods for their treatment continue to improve, and perhaps the correction of the gut microbiotic composition will serve as an additional therapeutic approach. The review article describes current views on the role of the intestinal microbiota, provides the latest data on the composition of bacteriome, mycobiome, and virome in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Kinetics of the γ-δ phase transition in energetic nitramine-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine.

The solid, secondary explosive nitramine-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7 or HMX has four different stable polymorphs which have different molecular conformations, crystalline structures, and densities, making structural phase transitions between these nontrivial. Previous studies of the kinetics of the ß-δ HMX structural transition found this to happen by a nucleation and growth mechanism, where growth was governed by the heat of fusion, or melting, even though the phase transition temperature is more than 100 K below the melting point. A theory known as virtual melting could easily justify this since the large volume difference in the two phases creates a strain at their interface that can lower the melting point to the phase transition temperature through a relaxation of the elastic energy. To learn more about structural phase transitions in organic crystalline solids and virtual melting, here we use time-resolved X-ray diffraction to study another structural phase transition in HMX, γ-δ. Again, second order kinetics are observed which fit to the same nucleation and growth model associated with growth by melting even though the volume change in this transition is too small to lower the melting point by interfacial strain. To account for this, we present a more general model illustrating that melting over a very thin layer at the interface between the two phases reduces the total interfacial energy and is therefore thermodynamically favorable and can drive the structural phase transition in the absence of large volume changes. Our work supports the idea that virtual melting may be a more generally applicable mechanism for structural phase transitions in organic crystalline solids.

[On influence of ultrasound on health state of doctors working on ultrasound diagnostic devices].

The authors presented data of studies on immune state, intestinal microflora, BP and pulse rate in accordance with physical exertion in doctors working on ultrasound diagnostic devices and internists having no contact with ultrasound, as well as output ranges of ultrasound diagnostic devices used by doctors.

[Interaction of the circadian rhythms of the functional activity of the hypophyseal-adrenal system and of the mitotic activity in the esophageal epithelium of rats with experimental hypo- and hypercorticism]. / Vzaimosviaz' sutochnykh ritmov funktsional'noi aktivnosti gipofizarno-nadpochechnikovoi sistemy i mitoticheskoi aktivnosti v épitelii pishchevoda u krys pri éksperimental'nom gipo- i giperkortitsizme.

In experimental hypercorticism the average daily concentration of glucocorticoids in blood plasma is 4 times higher than in control one, the amplitude of the circadian rhythm increases almost 3 times, the time of maximum concentration does not change. The adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) average circadian concentration decreases twofold. The adrenalectomy results in abrupt smoothing down of the circadian rhythm of glucocorticoids concentration and in increasing (in 2,4 times) of the average circadian concentration of ACTH. The pattern of circadian rhythm remains, however the acrophase of hormone secretion is shifted. The circadian rhythm of cells devision in esophagus epithelium changes. The maximum of mitotic index is absent in adrenalectomized rats and the amplitude of its circadian variations decreases. In experimental hypercorticism the biphase rhythm of mitoses in induced.

[Inducing action of hydrocortisone on mitotic rhythm in the epithelium of rat cornea and esophagus]. / Indutsiruiushchee deistvie gidrokortizona na ritm mitozov v épitelii rogovitsy i pishchevoda krys.

Circadian rhythms of mitoses were studied in the epithelium of the cornea and esophagus of rats given hydrocortisone. The hormone was injected daily during 7 days at 4-5 p.m., i.e. at the height of the blood glucocorticoid content within the circadian rhythm. The tissues of experimental rats, manifested biphasic rhythms of mitoses as compared with monophasic rhythms seen in intact animals. The amplitude and daily average magnitudes of the mitotic index were unchanged.