[Undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells]. / Nedifferentsirovannaya kartsinoma podzheludochnoi zhelezy s osteoklastopodobnymi gigantskimi kletkami.

In the structure of malignant oncological diseases of the Russian population, pancreatic cancer (PCa) occupies the 10th place with a high mortality rate in case of late diagnosis, which is primarily due to the minimal clinical manifestations of this pathology and the absence of precancer as a potential substrate for screening. Undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cell (UC-OGC) is a rare histological variant of PCa with discussed bidirectional histogenesis (epithelial and mesenchymal), epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the tumor and variable prognosis depending on the predominant cellular component. A review of the literature reflecting debatable issues of origin, clinical and pathological characteristics and prognosis of UC-OGC, as well as a description of a clinical case is relevant due to the rare occurrence of this tumor in the routine work of pathologists and oncologists.

[Variants of bone tissue modification in chronic otitis media according to light and electron microscopy]. / Varianty modifikatsii kostnoi tkani pri khronicheskom srednem otite po dannym svetovoi i élektronnoi mikroskopii.

PURPOSE: Analysis of the results of surgical treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C, depending on the characteristics of structural changes in the bone tissue of the middle ear. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Bone tissue of the retrotympanal cavities was obtained when performing various types of reconstructive sanitizing interventions: 123 samples for light microscopy and 35 samples in parallel for electron microscopy. RESULTS: The article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the clinical features and surgical treatment of 177 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. For histomorphological assessment, pathological processes of structural changes in the bone tissue of the middle ear were studied using acid-free microwave decalcification. CONCLUSION: The obtained data allowed to establish options for ultrastructural changes in the bone tissue of varying severity in chronic inflammation depending on the types of structure of the mastoid during the duration of the disease for more than 10 years.

Iodine concentration and signs of apoptosis in the thyroid and pituitary of female rats after different single doses of potassium iodide.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study the content of iodine as well as the expression of caspase 8 and caspase 32 in the thyroid and anterior pituitary in rats after a single dose of iodide. METHODS: A total of 49 inbred rat females weighing 250-300 g at the stage of diestrus and/or metestrus were used. Pituitaries and thyroids were dissected from 15 control rats and from the groups of 8 rats each given potassium iodide by gavage in doses of 1, 4, 8 and 25 µg/100 g at 48 h before sacrifice. In two rats of each group the level of iodine in thyroids and pituitaries was estimated in terms of weight percent of iodide in dry tissue (wt % I-2/dry tissue) using the wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS) quantitative analysis. The expression of caspase 8 and caspase 32 in thyroids and pituitaries in terms of the percentage of positive immunostained area (% PA) was measured by streptavidin-biotin method using specific polyclonal antibodies. RESULTS; In the thyroids, iodine concentration increased after 1 µg/100 g, but decreased after 8 and 25 µg/100 g, while that in the pituitaries significantly increased after all doses of iodide with the peak after 8 mg/100 g. After the same iodide dose also the peak of caspase 32 and caspase 8 appeared in the pituitary. However, in the thyroid only increased caspase 32 was found together with a decrease of iodine concentration. CONCLUSION: Several interrelations between iodine in the thyroid and pituitary were found. In addition, the signs of apoptosis appeared directly related to the concentration of iodine in the pituitary, but inversely related to iodine concentration in the thyroid.

Expression of NIS in the thyroid and pituitary of female rats after a single dose of potassium iodide.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study the expression of NIS in the thyroid and anterior pituitary in rats after a single dose of iodide appropriate to the content of iodide in iodine-positive points in the thyroid and pituitary. METHODS: A total of 41 inbred rat females of local laboratory strain weighing 250-300 g at the stage of diestrus and/or metestrus were used. Pituitaries and thyroids were dissected from 15 control rats at the same time as these from four groups of 6-8 rats each which were given various doses of potassium iodide dissolved in 0.5 ml distilled water (6 rats - 1 µg/100 g body weight; 8 rats - 4 µg/100 g ; 6 rats - 8 µg/100 g ; 6 rats - 25 µg/100 g.) by gavage at 48 h before sacrifice. In 6 rats of control group the concentration of iodine in thyroids and pituitaries was estimated in terms of percent by weight in dry tissue (wt% I-2 dry tissue) using the wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS) quantitative analysis. The expression of NIS in thyroids and pituitaries in terms of the percentage of positive immunostained area (% PA) was measured by streptavidin-biotin method using specific polyclonal antibodies. RESULTS: In thyroids, the concentration of iodine in iodine-positive points ranged from 2.5 to 59.3 (mean of 16.7±3.0) in terms of wt% I-2 dry tissue (100 % iodine-positive points), while in pituitaries it ranged from 0.17 to 6.3 (mean of 1.4±0.3) in all points and 2.2±0.4 in iodine-positive points. Histochemical reaction for NIS in the pituitaries at 48 hours after iodide administration showed a dose related increase beginning from 4 µg/100 g (from 1.8±0.7 to 12.9±1.0 % PA, respectively to the dose of iodide), while such increase in the thyroids started from 8 µg/100g (from 3.7±1.2 to 9.1±2.0 % PA). It remained still increased in pituitaries after the dose of 8 µg/100g (11.4±1.0 % PA) and 25 µg/100g (13.9±1.5 % PA), while such increase in thyroids was found only after the dose of 25 µg/100g (11.9±2.8 % PA). CONCLUSION: It was found that in the pituitaries of rat females the expression of NIS started after the dose of 4 µg iodide/100g, while that in the thyroids started after 8 µg iodide/100g. Thus, it may be suggested that the pituitary appears more susceptible to the level of iodide in blood.

[Independent postmortem examination: contents of its concept, organizational aspects of its performance].

The paper discloses the contents of the concept of independent postmortem examination and describes the organizational aspects of postmortem examination according to the materials of primary postmortem studies of autopsy and biopsy of surgically removed organs.