Validation of the Polish Version of Knee Outcome Survey Activities of the Daily Living Scale in a Group of Patients after Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to assess the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Polish version of Knee Outcome Survey Activities of the Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS) in a group of patients after arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). METHODS: The study was a longitudinal study with repeated measures. One hundred and twelve subjects who qualified for arthroscopic ACL reconstruction (mean age = 31.8 years) were initially enrolled in this study. The Polish version of KOS-ADLS and Short Form-36 v. 2.0 (SF-36) were used. RESULTS: The Polish version of KOS-ADLS in subjects after ACL rupture demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha for KOS-ADLS- total = 0.91), and test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC-total = 0.98). The standard error of measurement (SEM) value was 0.81 and the minimal detectable change (MDC) was 2.23 for KOS-ADLS-total. The validity analysis showed a moderate and low correlation between KOS-ADLS and different domains of SF-36 from r = 0.354 between KOS-ADLS activity and the physical component scale (PCS) of SF-36: to r = 0.206 between KOS-ADLS activity and the mental component scale (MCS) of SF-36. CONCLUSIONS: The Polish version of KOS-ADLS turned out to be a reliable, valid and responsive self-reported outcome measure, allowing for the self-assessment of symptoms and function related to the knee joint impairment after ACL reconstruction. Therefore, the scale can be applied in clinical practice and research.

Effects of Core Stability Training on Functional Movement Patterns in Tennis Players.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a six-week core stability training program on the fundamental movement pattern assessed using the Functional Movement Screen Test in tennis players. The study group consisted of 160 subjects (74 women, 86 men) with a mean age of 20.26 ± 1.55. The Functional Movement Screen Test (FMS™), as well as the core stability tests including the lateral trunk muscles endurance test (the side bridge test), the abdominal muscles endurance test and the trunk extensors muscle endurance test­were used to evaluate the effects of core stability training. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the FMS test scores before and after introducing a core stability exercise program. Initially, the average total score of the FMS test in female tennis players was 14.58 ± 2.91, and after core stability training it was 17.20 ± 1.68 (p < 0.001). In the male group, the total FMS test score was 14.44 ± 2.76 before and 16.91 ± 1.36 after (p < 0.001) in the final assessment. Additionally, statistically significant differences were observed in the core stability test scores before and after introducing a stabilisation training program. The results of the study showed that specific core strengthening exercises could improve the FMS test scores in adult tennis players. This may also have an influence on reducing injury risk in this group, although further studies would be required to test this.

A Compound Hop Index for Assessing Soccer Players' Performance.

Athletes regularly have to pass a series of tests, among which one of the most frequently used functional performance measures are single-leg hop tests. As the collected individual results of tests constitute a large amount of data, strategies to decrease the amount of data without reducing the number of performed tests are being searched for. Therefore, the study aimed to present an effective method to reduce the hop-test battery data to a single score, namely, the Compound Hop Index (CHI) in the example of a soccer team. A male, first-league soccer team performed a battery of commonly used single-leg hop tests, including single hop and triple hop for distance tests and the six-meter timed hop test. Gathered data, including Limb Symmetry Indexes of the three tests, normalized to body height for the single- and triple-hop-tests distance separately for right and left legs, and the time of the six-meter timed hop test separately for right and left legs were standardized to z-scores. Consecutively, the z-scores were averaged and formed CHI. The developed CHI represents a novel score derived from the average of z-scores that significantly reduces, clarifies, and organizes the hop performance-measures data.

Standard RTS criteria effectiveness verification using FMS, Y-balance and TJA in footballers following ACL reconstruction and mild lower limb injuries.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured knee ligament. In previous studies, it was demonstrated that patients following ACL reconstruction may present motor deficits which may be related to increased risk of injury. The objective of the study was to determine whether players who have passed RTS assessment still have deficits in movement patterns or in neuromuscular control after such a serious injury as ACL rupture and reconstruction,. Sixty-five male football players (age 18-25 years), recruited from regional teams, were divided into three groups: (1) ACL group-subjects after ACL rupture and reconstruction (n = 24); (2) Mild Injury (MI) group-subjects after mild lower limb injuries (n = 21); and (3) Control (C) group-subjects without injuries (n = 20). For all groups, the Y-balance test, Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Tuck Jump Assessment (TJA) were performed. For the Y-balance test in ACL group for the injured leg, significantly lower values were demonstrated for anterior reach ((ACL) 69.2 ± 5.7% vs. (MI) 74.8 ± 4.5% vs. (C) 74.0 ± 5.6%), at posterior-lateral reach ((ACL) 103.2 ± 6.4% vs. (C) 108.5 ± 6.0%) and composite score ((ACL) 93.9 ± 4.4% vs. (MI) 97.9 ± 4.3%) in comparison to the remaining two groups. In the FMS test, the ACL group had significantly lower composite score (12 ± 4 points) compared to the C group (15 ± 2 points). Also, compared to the remaining groups, subjects following ACL reconstruction demonstrated significantly lower performance in the TJA test related to the following elements: thighs do not reach parallel, thighs not equal side-to-side, foot placement not shoulder width apart, technique declines prior to 10 s and lower extremity valgus at landing. The authors have observed that athletes after ACL reconstruction still have deficits in movement patterns or in neuromuscular control despite passing the RTS and being cleared to perform sports. Creating a set of sufficiently sensitive assessment methods may significantly reduce the potential risk of injury due to the fact that diagnosed and monitored deficits may be treated on an ongoing basis. The authors suggest that individual elements of the Y-balance and TJA tests may be suitable for such specific assessment.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the polish version of the Oxford Shoulder Score in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

BACKGROUND: The Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) is a simple and reliable, joint-specific, self-reported outcome measure. It can be applied in patients with shoulder disease other than instability. The purpose of this study was to perform a translation, cultural adaptation of the Polish version of the OSS and to evaluate its selected psychometric properties in patients after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. METHODS: Sixty-nine subjects participated in the study, with a mean age 55.5 (ranging from 40 to 65 years). The OSS has been translated using the widely accepted guidelines. All patients completed the Polish version of OSS (OSS-PL), the short version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (QuickDASH), the Short Form-36 v. 2.0 (SF-36) and the 7-point Global Rating of Change Scale (GRC). RESULTS: High internal consistency of 0.96 was found using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Reliability of the OSS resulted in Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) = 0.99, Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) = 1.14 and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) = 3.15. The validity analysis showed a moderate (General health r = 0.34) to high (Physical role functioning r = 0.82) correlation between the OSS-PL and SF-36 and a high correlation between the OSS-PL and the QuickDASH (r = - 0.92). CONCLUSIONS: The Polish version of OSS is a reliable and valid, self-reported questionnaire, which can be applied in patients with a rotator cuff tear undergoing reconstruction surgery. The very good psychometric properties of the Polish version of the OSS indicate that it can be used in clinical practice and scientific research.

Polish Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS) in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND The Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS) is a self-reported questionnaire used for the evaluation of the overall health of patients with knee dysfunctions. The purpose of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Polish version of KOS-ADLS and to evaluate its psychometric properties in patients at the end-stage of knee osteoarthritis who were qualified for a total knee replacement (TKR). MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy patients consecutively qualified for surgical TKR procedure participated in this study. To adapt the KOS-ADLS, the following scales and reference tests were used: Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Time Up and Go test (TUG), and Five Times Sit to Stand test (5×STS). The studies were conducted 3 times: 2 weeks before surgery (first study), 6 to 13 days later (retest), and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS The Polish version of KOS-ADLS showed excellent reliability (ICC=0.89 SEM=2.68, MDC=7.43) and high responsiveness (ES=4.76, SRM=3.18). The internal consistency was poor in the first assessment (Cronbach's alpha=0.68), but acceptable in the post-surgery evaluation (Cronbach's alpha=0.86). There were fair and moderate correlations found between KOS-ADLS and VAS scales in the first examination, TUG, and 5×STS. Stronger correlations were observed between the results obtained in KOS-ADLS and KOOS. CONCLUSIONS The Polish version of the KOS-ADLS demonstrated good reliability, validity, and responsiveness for use in patients who have undergone TKR surgery.

Neuromotor Development of Children Aged 6 and 7 Years Born before the 30th Week Gestation.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the level of neuromotor function and somatic development in 6- and 7-year-old children born before the 30th week gestation with that in full-term children at the same age, as well as the correlation between prematurity and motor development. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of prematurely born 40 children. Their mean gestational age at birth was 27.8 ± 1.6 weeks (range 24-30 weeks). The control group consisted of 40 healthy children born with normal birth weight (>2500 g). The neuromotor function was assessed using Touwen neurological examination criteria. During the examination, the attention was focused on the hand preference, laterality, synkinesis, and asymmetry. In addition, children's weight, height, and BMI index were measured. RESULTS: Premature children showed much worse results than full-term ones in hand function (p < 0,001). They obtained the best results in paper tearing while crossing the body midline turned out to be the most difficult. Considering the quality of walking, the biggest difficulty for the premature children was to walk backwards along the straight line while during normal walking they showed the best results. The results for the muscle tone subcategory in the study group were also significantly worse than those in control group (p < 0,001), as well as the total outcome for the movement coordination and diadochokinesis subcategories (p < 0,001). CONCLUSION: The nondisabled, prematurely born children have significantly lower average outcomes regarding hand function, quality of walking, muscle tone, coordination, and diadochokinesis at age of six to seven, compared to the full-term peers.

The Assessment of Static Balance in Patients after Total Hip Replacement in the Period of 2-3 Years after Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess static balance of patients after Total Hip Replacement (THR) compared with the age-matched, asymptomatic control group, considering the subject's gender and the time since the surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Total Hip Replacement (THR) group consisted of 55 subjects (mean age: 56.3 ± 8.7 years) and the control group consisted of 48 subjects (mean age: 58 ± 6.2 years). For the assessment of static balance, a stabilometric force platform was used. All subjects performed two 30-second trials in the double-leg stance position with eyes opened and closed. In the study group, the stabilometric assessment was performed once within the period of 24 to 36 months after the surgery. RESULTS: Subjects from the study group had significantly increased mediolateral COP velocity in the test with eyes opened, as well as the values of most of the COP parameters (excluding COP path area) in the test with eyes closed, compared to the control group. Higher values of the selected COP parameters were observed in the male subjects from the study group. CONCLUSION: In contrast to a number of papers, our study revealed some deficits in static balance in patients after THR up to 2-3 years after surgery.

[Factors affecting the maintenance of occupational activity over a 2-3-year period after total hip replacement]. / Czynniki wplywajace na utrzymanie aktywnosci zawodowej w okresie 2­3 lat po zabiegu calkowitej endoprotezoplastyki stawu biodrowego.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this paper was to assess the occupational activity in patients after hip replacement over a 2-3-year post operational period and to analyze the effect of selected factors (age, gender, body mass index (BMI), functional state and self-assessed health status) on this activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the research 107 people (56 women and 51 men) participated. The average age of the subject's was 55.1 years. A standardized author's survey questionnaire, including questions about personal and clinical data, occupational activity and self-assessment of health status, was applied. The body mass and height were measured and the BMI index was calculated. The 100 points Harris Hip Score (HHS) was used to assess the functional state in the respondents. RESULTS: After the operation about 60% of the patients were not occupationally active; 44 (41.1%) respondents received the state health benefit, 18 (16,8%) respondents were eligible for pension benefit, and 2 (1.9%) respondents were unemployed with benefit. No one unemployed before the operation undertook work afterwards. Neither gender nor the character of the job or BMI exerted statistically significant effect on the occupational activity after the operation. Significant differences were noted in undertaking the occupational activity after the operation in patients with different level of functional efficiency assessed with the use of HHS (p = 0.0350) and different level of self-assessed health statuse (p = 0.0057). CONCLUSIONS: More than half of the respondents have not returned to work after total hip replacement, while people doing intellectual work most frequently returned to occupation after surgery. Age, functional efficiency, and self-assessed health status of the patient had a significant influence on their return to work. Med Pr 2018;69(2):191-198.

Evaluation of Selected Gait Parameters in Patients Prior to and at 6 Months Following Early Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

[b]Background. [/b]ACL rupture and reconstruction may lead to impairment of spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient's gait following a complete tear of the ACL and its endoscopic reconstruction.[b]Material and methods.[/b] 3D gait analysis was performed using the BTS Smart optoelectronic system (6 IR cameras, 120 Hz). The study group included 40 patients with complete unilateral ACL rupture and 37 healthy matched subjects. In the study group gait analysis was performed twice, within one to two weeks prior to the ACL reconstruction and the follow-up study six months after surgery. In the control group single gait analysis was performed.[b]Results. [/b]Six months after the ACL reconstruction the duration of the stance phase for the non-operated limb (p&amp;amp;lt;0,0000) and the initial double stance phase for the operated limb (p&amp;amp;lt;0,0000) were reduced. A statistically significant increase in the step length for both lower limbs was observed. Additionally patients gait cadence (p=0,0003) and mean gait speed (p=0,0006) have also increased. Nevertheless, in the second study, these parameters were still significantly different comparing to the control group. Analysing the kinematic parameters of patients" gait after surgery it was demonstrated, that the hip and knee joints range of motion in both limbs has increased in a statistically significant way. The range of motion of the ankle joint of the operated limb has also improved.[b]Conclusions.[/b] 1. Within six months after the ACL reconstruction there was significant improvement and normalization of the patient's gait pattern, though we may still observe significant differences when compared to the control group, which indicates the need for further rehabilitation focused on the re-education of patients gait pattern. 2. Results of our study indicates a need of long-term observation in the group of patients after ACL reconstruction to determine, whether the gait pattern impairment demonstrate further tendency to improve in time.