COVID-19 en pacientes con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico / COVID-19 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Introducción. Algunos estudios han sugerido que la hidroxicloroquina tiene actividad antiviral contra el SARS-CoV-2. Los pacientes con lupus eritematosos sistémico (LES) son tratados con frecuencia con hidroxicloroquina, pero se sabe poco sobre las implicaciones del COVID-19 en estos pacientes. Objetivo. Describir las características clínicas de pacientes con LES diagnosticados con COVID-19. Materiales y Método. Estudio descriptivo de corte trasverso de pacientes con COVID-19 que consultaron en el Hospital Nacional entre junio 2020- agosto 2021. El diagnóstico de LES fue establecido según los criterios EULAR 2019. La infección por el virus SARS-COV-2 fue confirmada por RT-PCR en el hisopado nasofaríngeo. Resultados. De 350 pacientes con LES, 23 (7%) presentaron COVID-19. Los pacientes con COVID-19 tenían edades entre 19 a 58 años (mediana: 38 años), 20 (87%) eran del sexo femenino. Presentaron odinofagia 14 (58%), fiebre 11 (46%), disnea 8 (33%), cefalea 7 (29%), anosmia 4 (17%), ageusia 4 (17%), congestión nasal 4 (17%), diarrea 3 (13%) y otras comorbilidades 14 (60,9%). Recibían hidroxicloroquina 16 (70%), prednisona 7 (30%), micofenolato 7 (30%). La enfermedad fue critica en 5 (22%) y severa en 2 (9%), admitidos en UTI 5 (22%) y fallecieron 6 (26%). Los pacientes con nefropatía crónica tuvieron mayor riesgo de fallecer (75% vs 15,8%). No hubo diferencia en la mortalidad entre los pacientes que recibían o no hidroxicloroquina (18,8% vs 42,9%). Conclusión: La mortalidad fue alta. El uso de hidroxicloroquina no fue un factor protector contra el óbito en estos pacientes.

Introduction. Some studies have suggested that hydroxychloroquine has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are frequently treated with hydroxychloroquine, but little is known about the implications of COVID-19 in these patients. Objective. To describe the clinical characteristics of SLE patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Materials and Method. Cros-sectional descriptive study of patients with COVID-19 who consulted at the Hospital Nacional between June 2020 and August 2021. The diagnosis of SLE was established according to the EULAR 2019 criteria. The infection by the SARS-COV-2 virus was confirmed by RT-PCR on the nasopharyngeal swab. Results. Of 350 patients with SLE, 23 (7%) had COVID-19. The COVID-19 patients were between 19 to 58 years of age (median: 38 years), 20 (87%) females. They presented odynophagia 14 (58%), fever 11 (46%), dyspnea 8 (33%), headache 7 (29%), anosmia 4 (17%), ageusia 4 (17%), nasal congestion 4 (17%), diarrhea 3 (13%), 14 (60.9%) other comorbidities. Sixteen patients (70%) were receiving hydroxychloroquine, prednisone 7 (30%), mycophenolate 7 (30%). The disease was critical in 5 (22%) and severe in 2 (9%), 5 (22%) admitted to the ICU and 6 (26%) died. Patients with chronic kidney disease had a higher risk of dying (75% vs 15.8%). There was no difference in mortality between the patients who received or did not receive hydroxychloroquine (18.8% vs 42.9%). Conclusion: Mortality was high. The use of hydroxychloroquine was not a protective factor against death in these patients.

Development of a panel of genome-wide ancestry informative markers to study admixture throughout the Americas.

Most individuals throughout the Americas are admixed descendants of Native American, European, and African ancestors. Complex historical factors have resulted in varying proportions of ancestral contributions between individuals within and among ethnic groups. We developed a panel of 446 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) optimized to estimate ancestral proportions in individuals and populations throughout Latin America. We used genome-wide data from 953 individuals from diverse African, European, and Native American populations to select AIMs optimized for each of the three main continental populations that form the basis of modern Latin American populations. We selected markers on the basis of locus-specific branch length to be informative, well distributed throughout the genome, capable of being genotyped on widely available commercial platforms, and applicable throughout the Americas by minimizing within-continent heterogeneity. We then validated the panel in samples from four admixed populations by comparing ancestry estimates based on the AIMs panel to estimates based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The panel provided balanced discriminatory power among the three ancestral populations and accurate estimates of individual ancestry proportions (R² > 0.9 for ancestral components with significant between-subject variance). Finally, we genotyped samples from 18 populations from Latin America using the AIMs panel and estimated variability in ancestry within and between these populations. This panel and its reference genotype information will be useful resources to explore population history of admixture in Latin America and to correct for the potential effects of population stratification in admixed samples in the region.

Population genetic data for 15 STR loci (Identifiler kit) in Bolivia.

Allele frequencies for 15 STR autosomal loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, VWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818 and FGA) were obtained from a sample of 200 unrelated individuals from Bolivia, South America.