RESUMO
Owing to the insufficient specificity of the anti-myeloproliferative leukemia protein (MPL) antibody in the original version of this Article, Figure 6 and parts of Figures 2a, 4e, and 5a do not represent the correct information. The corrected version of Figure 6 is in this correction and those of Figures 2a, 4e, and 5a are shown in the supplemental information.
RESUMO
Myelofibrosis (MF) may be caused by various pathogenic mechanisms such as elevation in circulating cytokine levels, cellular interactions and genetic mutations. However, the underlying mechanism of MF still remains unknown. Recent studies have revealed that fibrocytes, the spindle-shaped fibroblast-like hematopoietic cells, and the thrombopoietin (TPO)/myeloproliferative leukemia protein (MPL; TPO receptor) signaling pathway play a certain role in the development of MF. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between fibrocytes and MPL activation. We showed that TPO or a TPO receptor agonist directly induces fibrocyte differentiation using murine fibrocyte cell lines and a murine MF model. Conversely, elimination of macrophages expressing MPL by clodronate liposomes reversed the MF phenotype of the murine model, suggesting that fibrocyte differentiation induced by MPL activation contributes to the progression of MF. Furthermore, we revealed that SLAMF7high MPLhigh monocytes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were possible fibrocyte precursors and that these cells increased in number in MF patients not treated with ruxolitinib. Our findings confirmed a link between fibrocytes and the TPO/MPL signaling pathway, which could result in a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of MF and lead to the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
Assuntos
Mielofibrose Primária/etiologia , Mielofibrose Primária/metabolismo , Receptores de Trombopoetina/metabolismo , Animais , Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Medula Óssea/patologia , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem Celular , Ácido Clodrônico/farmacologia , Fibroblastos/citologia , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Janus Quinase 2/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Monócitos/citologia , Monócitos/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Mielofibrose Primária/patologia , Fatores de Transcrição STAT/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Trombopoetina/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is associated with mutations of the GCH1. We first report four female siblings with DRD from one family, including three monozygotic triplets patients clinically and genetically. METHODS: We performed GCH1 analysis by direct sequencing of PCR product amplified with primers designed to cover the entire exons of GCH1 in those four patients and their mother. RESULTS: In all four patients with DRD, a new frameshift mutation (c.729delG; p.A190fsX191) was identified in the exon 5 of GCH1. CONCLUSIONS: The frameshift mutation results in truncated GCH1 protein which is suspected to result in loss of function of the catalytic GTP-cyclohydrol domain.
Assuntos
Distúrbios Distônicos/genética , GTP Cicloidrolase/genética , Adulto , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Dopaminérgicos/uso terapêutico , Distúrbios Distônicos/tratamento farmacológico , Família , Feminino , Mutação da Fase de Leitura , Humanos , Levodopa/uso terapêutico , Linhagem , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , TrigêmeosAssuntos
Face/anormalidades , Hiperventilação , Transtornos Psicomotores , Adulto , Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina e Hélice-Alça-Hélix Básicos , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Humanos , Hiperventilação/diagnóstico , Hiperventilação/genética , Masculino , Mutação , Transtornos Psicomotores/diagnóstico , Transtornos Psicomotores/genética , Síndrome , Fator de Transcrição 4 , Fatores de Transcrição/genéticaRESUMO
A number of human diseases have been shown to be associated with mutation in the genes encoding leucine-rich-repeat (LRR)-containing proteins. They include 16 different LRR proteins. Mutations of these proteins are associated with 19 human diseases. The mutations occur frequently within the LRR domains as well as their neighboring domains, including cysteine clusters. Here, based on the sequence analysis of the LRR domains and the known structure of LRR proteins, we describe some features of different sequence variants and discuss their adverse effects. The mutations in the cysteine clusters, which preclude the formation of sulfide bridges or lead to a wrong paring of cysteines in extracellular proteins or extracellular domains, occur with high frequency. In contrast, missense mutations at some specific positions in LRRs are very rare or are not observed at all.
Assuntos
Doenças Genéticas Inatas/genética , Variação Genética , Leucina/genética , Proteínas/genética , Sequências Repetitivas de Aminoácidos/genética , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutação , Conformação Proteica , Estrutura Terciária de ProteínaRESUMO
To examine the effects of shift schedules on fatigue and physiological functions among firefighters a 17-day field study at a fire station was carried out. Eleven firefighters, who were engaged in firefighting emergency services, participated in this study. At the fire station, night duty (22:00-07:00) was divided into 5 periods (P1: 22:00-00:00; P2: 23:45-01:45; P3: 01:30-03:30; P4: 03:15-05:15; P5: 05:00-07:00). The participants were assigned to one of these 5 periods and awakened to answer calls from the city's central information centre. They took naps in individual rooms during night duty, except when on night shift or when called out on an emergency. Subjective complaints of fatigue, critical flicker fusion frequencies, 3-choice reaction times, and oral temperature were measured before and after work and following breaks during their 24 working hours. Heart rate variability was also recorded to evaluate autonomic nerve activity. The results show that during P3 and P4, participants who had to wake up at midnight took shorter naps. The rates of subjective complaints regarding P3 and P4 tended to be higher than those for P1, P2, and P5. The ratios of the low frequency component of heart rate variability to the high frequency component during P4 were significantly lower than those during P5. It is assumed that such an irregular sleeping pattern causes many complaints of subjective fatigue, and adversely affects physiological functions. A night-duty shift schedule ensuring undisturbed naps should be considered.
Assuntos
Fadiga/etiologia , Incêndios , Trabalho de Resgate , Sono/fisiologia , Tolerância ao Trabalho Programado/fisiologia , Adulto , Temperatura Corporal , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Japão , Descanso , Carga de TrabalhoRESUMO
We explored the effects of short, intermediate, and continuous social stress on daily ethanol and water intake in rats. The study was designed to: (1) detect increases in intake during hours when animals were not stressed; and (2) detect shifts in preference from solutions with high to low alcohol content. Male Long-Evans rats acquired ethanol self-administration using a sucrose-fading procedure, which was followed by continuous access to 10% and 3% ethanol solutions and water. After intake stabilized, rats were exposed to three periods of five consecutive days of social stress, with 8-10 days without stress in between. Short social stress consisted of being attacked and defeated by an aggressive opponent, followed by 30 min exposure to threats by the aggressive male while in a protective cage. Intermediate and continuous social stress consisted of a 6 h or 24 h 'threat of attack' exposure, respectively. All stress exposures reduced daily intake of 10% ethanol, did not cause changes in intake of 3% ethanol, and caused increases in water intake. No compensatory ethanol consumption was observed on stress days or after stress exposure was discontinued. These results are at variance with the hypothesis for increased alcohol consumption during or following social stress episodes.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Dominação-Subordinação , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Animais , Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos adversos , Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/sangue , Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia , Conflito Psicológico , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Etanol/sangue , Etanol/farmacologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Long-Evans , Reflexo de Sobressalto , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/psicologia , Vocalização Animal/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The newly recognized ataxia-ocular apraxia 1 (AOA1; MIM 208920) is the most frequent cause of autosomal recessive ataxia in Japan and is second only to Friedreich ataxia in Portugal. It shares several neurological features with ataxia-telangiectasia, including early onset ataxia, oculomotor apraxia and cerebellar atrophy, but does not share its extraneurological features (immune deficiency, chromosomal instability and hypersensitivity to X-rays). AOA1 is also characterized by axonal motor neuropathy and the later decrease of serum albumin levels and elevation of total cholesterol. We have identified the gene causing AOA1 and the major Portuguese and Japanese mutations. This gene encodes a new, ubiquitously expressed protein that we named aprataxin. This protein is composed of three domains that share distant homology with the amino-terminal domain of polynucleotide kinase 3'- phosphatase (PNKP), with histidine-triad (HIT) proteins and with DNA-binding C2H2 zinc-finger proteins, respectively. PNKP is involved in DNA single-strand break repair (SSBR) following exposure to ionizing radiation and reactive oxygen species. Fragile-HIT proteins (FHIT) cleave diadenosine tetraphosphate, which is potentially produced during activation of the SSBR complex. The results suggest that aprataxin is a nuclear protein with a role in DNA repair reminiscent of the function of the protein defective in ataxia-telangiectasia, but that would cause a phenotype restricted to neurological signs when mutant.
Assuntos
Apraxias/genética , Ataxia/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Mutação , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Músculos Oculomotores/fisiopatologia , Dedos de Zinco , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Apraxias/complicações , Ataxia/complicações , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/química , Heterozigoto , Homozigoto , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas Nucleares/química , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Homologia de Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in the clinical features of idiopathic macular holes between sexes and stages. METHODS: Five hundred and twenty-six eyes of 480 patients with stage 3 or 4 idiopathic macular hole that had undergone vitrectomy were observed consecutively in this study. The each stage ratio, bilaterality, and affected eye were examined and the differences in age, hole duration, hole size, visual acuity, refractive power, axial length, and corneal refractive power were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-six % of the cases were stage 4 in males and 31% in females. There were no significant differences in bilaterality or affected eye between the sexes. Younger age and larger size were found in females of stage 3. Larger size was found in stage 4. More myopic eye and longer axial length were found in males of stage 4. There were no significant differences in hole duration and visual acuity between sexes or stages. CONCLUSIONS: In females the onset of macular hole occurred at a younger age than in males, size of the hole was larger from an earlier stage, and refractive power was less myopic. More myopic eye and longer axial length were found in stage 4, especially in males. This fact might be related to the existence of posterior vitreous detachment. We concluded that there were some differences in the mechanism of the onset and the progression of idiopathic macular hole between males and females.
Assuntos
Perfurações Retinianas , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Refração Ocular , Perfurações Retinianas/patologia , Perfurações Retinianas/fisiopatologia , Fatores Sexuais , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
The first reported female patient with the Fukuyama type of congenital muscular dystrophy associated with a lack of C-terminal domain of dystrophin is presented. Clinically, the patient had characteristic features and magnetic resonance imaging findings of Fukuyama muscular dystrophy. Dystrophin analysis revealed a lack of the C-terminal domain but preserved N-terminal and rod domains of dystrophin in biopsied muscle. Moreover, she had reduced expression of merosin, syntrophin, and beta-dystroglycan in the skeletal muscle. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of mRNA in the patient's muscle illustrated a complete lack of exons 71-74 of the dystrophin gene. These deletions, which remove the beta-dystroglycan and syntrophin binding site, may cause changes in the function of both beta-dystroglycan and syntrophin in human muscle.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/anormalidades , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas Associadas à Distrofina , Distrofina/genética , Distrofias Musculares/genética , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Oxirredutases do Álcool , Biópsia , Aberrações Cromossômicas/genética , Deleção Cromossômica , Transtornos Cromossômicos , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/genética , Distroglicanas , Éxons , Feminino , Genes Recessivos/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas Musculares/genética , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Distrofias Musculares/diagnóstico , Distrofias Musculares/patologia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
Purpose: To evaluate the variables that influence visual acuity and visual improvement after macular hole surgery.Methods: Our study included 421 eyes in which macular holes were successfully closed after surgery and followed up at least 1 year after the last surgery. Surgical techniques were conventional methods (Group 1: 350 eyes) with retinal pigment scalping of the macular hole basis added in the refractory cases (Group 2: 71 eyes). The variables used for the multiple regression were gender, age, preoperative visual acuity, hole stage, duration of symptoms, hole size, and axial length.Results: The variables that most influenced postoperative visual acuity were as follows: Group 1: gender (r = -0.011, P =.016), age (r = -0.17, P =.005), preoperative visual acuity (r = 0.51, P <.0001), duration of symptoms (r = -0.015, P <.0001), and axial length (r = -0.090, P =.045). Group 2: age (r = -0.18, P =.047), and preoperative visual acuity (r = 0.47, P <.0001).Conclusions: The variables that influenced visual acuity and visual improvement after macular hole surgery were common. In Group 1: gender, age, preoperative visual acuity, duration of symptoms, and axial length; in Group 2: age and preoperative visual acuity.
RESUMO
Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and variables of reopening of macular holes after macular hole surgery.Methods: Our study included 467 eyes in which macular holes were successfully closed after surgery. Surgical techniques consisted of conventional methods (358 eyes) and scalping methods (109 eyes) with retinal pigment scalping of the macular hole basis added in such cases: reoperation, hole size (more than 0.4 disc diameter), duration of symptoms (more than 2 years). Long term incidence of reopening was predicted by life table method. After we compared reopened cases with non-reopened cases, the variables of gender, stage, biocular occurrence, age, duration of symptoms, hole size, preoperative visual acuity, refraction axial length ratio, and intraoperative retinal tears were used for the multiple regression.Results: Reopening was found in 20 eyes (5.6%) treated by conventional methods and in 10 eyes (9.2%) treated by scalping methods. Survival ratio was 87% for the conventional methods in 6 years and 79% for the scalping methods in 5 years. The variables influencing reopening were as follows: conventional methods: gender (r = 0.065, P =.19), biocular occurrence (r = 0.12, P =.026), and refraction axial length ratio (r = -0.11, P =.045); scalping methods: hole size (r = 0.14, P =.25).Conclusions: Incidence of reopening in scalping methods was high. The variables that influenced reopening after macular hole surgery were biocular occurrence and refraction axial length ratio in conventional methods. The shape of the eye may be related to reopening.
RESUMO
In this report a double mutation was identified in a patient with X-linked myotubular myopathy. The mutations present in the patient were a C-->T substitution of nucleotide 163, which led to an Arg 55 stop codon (nonsense mutation), and an "A" insertion at nucleotide 440, which caused a shift of the reading frame and a premature stop at codon 153 (frameshift mutation). The nonsense mutation was heterozygously present in the mother but not identified in the father or in normal controls. The frameshift mutation was not identified in either parent or normal controls (de novo mutation). These mutations are predicted to truncate the myotubularin protein.
Assuntos
Códon sem Sentido/genética , Mutação da Fase de Leitura/genética , Miopatias Congênitas Estruturais/genética , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatases/genética , Ligação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Hipotonia Muscular/genética , Miopatias Congênitas Estruturais/complicações , Fenótipo , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatases não Receptoras , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/genética , Cromossomo X/genéticaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the factors of intraoperative retinal breaks in macular hole surgery. METHODS: This study included 558 eyes of 506 patients who underwent idiopathic macular hole surgery by one surgeon. Multiple regression was performed using the variables of gender, age, affected eye, lens status, stage, duration of symptoms, hole size, axial length, and lattice degeneration. RESULTS: The rate of retinal breaks was higher in stage 3 (16.0%) than in stage 4 (8.2%) (p = 0.014). In eyes with lattice degeneration intraoperative retinal breaks occurred in about 40% of the cases. Major factors were as follows: lattice degeneration (r = 0.24, p < 0.0001) in all eyes, stage (r = 0.090, p = 0.048) in eyes without lattice degeneration, and gender (r = -0.18, p = 0.035) in eyes of stage 4 without lattice degeneration. CONCLUSIONS: The factors of intraoperative retinal breaks in macular hole surgery were lattice degeneration in all eyes and stage 3 in eyes without lattice degeneration. The high incidence of intraoperative retinal breaks in stage 3 was mainly due to the occurrence of posterior vitreous detachment. Male gender was a significant factor associated with intraoperative retinal breaks.
Assuntos
Complicações Intraoperatórias , Perfurações Retinianas/etiologia , Perfurações Retinianas/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Retina/patologia , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
PURPOSE: To detect the factors related to the operculum in idiopathic macular holes and present a pathogenesis of idiopathic macular holes. METHODS: This study included 583 eyes of idiopathic macular hole that underwent macular hole surgery. To detect the factor related to the operculum, the variables of age, duration of symptoms, hole size, preoperative visual acuity, refraction, axial length, refraction axial length ratio were used for the comparison between two groups and multiple regression. The success rate of surgery and postoperative visual acuity were examined whether the operculum was present or not. RESULTS: The variables that were significantly related to the operculum were as follows: refraction axial length ratio (r = 0.18, p = 0.0092) in women of stage 3, duration of symptoms (r = -0.44, p < 0.001), preoperative visual acuity (r = -0.33, p = 0.0025), and refraction axial length ratio (r = -0.22, p = 0.020) in women of stage 4, and age (r = 0.19, p = 0.047) in men of stage 3. There were no significant differences in the success rate of surgery and postoperative visual acuity whether the operculum was present or not. CONCLUSIONS: Generally, operculum tends to occur in aged and round eyes and possibly does not occur in younger and back projected eyes because of retinal fissure. In women of stage 4, the operculum is possibly a torn retina and does not occur in atrophic holes.
Assuntos
Perfurações Retinianas/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1B (CMT1B) family with a mutation of the Po gene is presented. A to G substitution of nucleotide 389 in exon 3 resulted in Lys 131 Arg substitution. Immunostaining for Po in biopsied sural nerve from one family member with CMT1B was expressed in a small number of myelinated fibers. Immunoblot analysis for Po revealed that it was of normal molecular weight (29 kDa) although significantly reduced in amount. This heterozygous mutation could lead to a reduction in the total amount of normal protein in peripheral nerves through a mechanism of loss of function.
Assuntos
Doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth/genética , Proteína P0 da Mielina/genética , Nervo Sural/patologia , Substituição de Aminoácidos/genética , Biópsia , Doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth/diagnóstico , Doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth/patologia , Criança , Éxons , Feminino , Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Triagem de Portadores Genéticos , Humanos , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Fibras Nervosas Mielinizadas/patologia , LinhagemRESUMO
Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia (AOA) is characterized by early-onset cerebellar ataxia, ocular apraxia, early areflexia, late peripheral neuropathy, slow progression, severe motor handicap, and absence of both telangiectasias and immunodeficiency. We studied 13 Portuguese families with AOA and found that the two largest families show linkage to 9p, with LOD scores of 4.13 and 3.82, respectively, at a recombination fraction of 0. These and three smaller families, all from northern Portugal, showed homozygosity and haplotype sharing over a 2-cM region on 9p13, demonstrating the existence of both a founding event and linkage to this locus, AOA1, in the five families. Three other families were excluded from this locus, demonstrating nonallelic heterogeneity in AOA. Early-onset cerebellar ataxia with hypoalbuminemia (EOCA-HA), so far described only in Japan, is characterized by marked cerebellar atrophy, peripheral neuropathy, mental retardation, and, occasionally, oculomotor apraxia. Two unrelated Japanese families with EOCA-HA were analyzed and appeared to show linkage to the AOA1 locus. Subsequently, hypoalbuminemia was found in all five Portuguese patients with AOA1 with a long disease duration, suggesting that AOA1 and EOCA-HA correspond to the same entity that accounts for a significant proportion of all recessive ataxias. The narrow localization of AOA1 should prompt the identification of the defective gene.
Assuntos
Apraxias/genética , Ataxia/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 9/genética , Transtornos da Motilidade Ocular/genética , Alelos , Apraxias/patologia , Ataxia/patologia , Colesterol/sangue , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Heterogeneidade Genética , Ligação Genética , Geografia , Haplótipos , Homozigoto , Humanos , Japão , Escore Lod , Masculino , Repetições de Microssatélites , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Transtornos da Motilidade Ocular/patologia , Linhagem , Portugal , Albumina Sérica/metabolismoRESUMO
Oligopeptides of 1 KDa or less were obtained by hydrolysis of chicken egg yolks with a crude enzyme, and by dialysis with a semipermeable membrane filter. Since the extracted peptides had an inhibitory action on the activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) in vitro, they were orally administered at 20, 100 and 500 mg/kg body weight to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) for 12 weeks to analyze the physiological role on cardiovascular functions. The administered oligopeptides suppressed the development of hypertension at all dosages. After 12 weeks at 500 mg/kg body weight, the values for systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressure were approximately 10% less in SHRs administered than controls. Furthermore, serum ACE activity of the peptide-administered groups was significantly lower than that of the control group in a dose-related manner. Our results imply that oligopeptides extracted from hen's egg yolks could potentially suppress the development of hypertension in SHR, and this effect might be induced by the inhibition of ACE activity.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Gema de Ovo/química , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Envelhecimento , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Galinhas , Diástole/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento de Ingestão de Líquido/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas do Ovo/química , Ingestão de Energia/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Hidrólise , Hipertensão/genética , Masculino , Oligopeptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Sístole/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the variables that influence visual acuity and visual improvement after macular hole surgery. METHODS: Our study included 421 eyes in which maculor holes were successfully closed after surgery and followed up at least 1 year after the last surgery. Surgical techniques were conventional methods (Group 1: 350 eyes) with retinal pigment scalping of the macular hole basis added in the refractory cases (Group 2: 71 eyes). The variables used for the multiple regression were gender, age, preoperative visual acuity, hole stage, duration of symptoms, hole size, and axial length. RESULTS: The variables that most influenced postoperative visual acuity were as follows: Group 1: gender (r = -0.011, p = 0.016), age (r = -0.17, p = 0.005), preoperative visual acuity (r = 0.51, p < 0.0001), duration of symptoms (r = -0.015, p < 0.0001), and axial length (r = -0.090, p = 0.045). Group 2: age (r = -0.18, p = 0.047), and preoperative visual acuity (r = 0.47, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The variables that influenced visual acuity and visual improvement after macular hole surgery were common. In Group 1: gender, age, preoperative visual acuity, duration of symptoms, and axial length; in Group 2: age and preoperative visual acuity.