Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Patients with Acute Syphilitic Panuveitis.

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical characteristics and surgical management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) in patients with acute syphilitic panuveitis. METHODS: Retrospective case series and comprehensive literature review. RESULTS: Including present and previously reported cases, we identified 11 eyes in 8 patients with acute syphilitic panuveitis that developed a rhegmatogenous RD. Seven of 11 eyes (63.6%) were repaired with a combined scleral buckling, vitrectomy, and endolaser photocoagulation surgery; 1 eye (9.1%) was repaired with scleral buckling only; and 2 eyes (18.2%) with vitrectomy only. Cryotherapy was used to treat a giant retinal tear in 1 eye (9.1%). Four eyes (36.4%) redetached and 3 underwent a second vitrectomy surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Although uncommon, rhegmatogenous RD can occur in patients with moderate to severe acute syphilitic panuveitis. We believe scleral buckling, vitrectomy, endolaser photocoagulation, and silicone oil tamponade give the best chance for successful retinal reattachment.

Predicting the Development of Orbitopathy in Graves Thyroidopathy Patients: The Potential Role of TSI Testing.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) testing can predict the risk of development of Graves orbitopathy in newly diagnosed Graves thyroidopathy patients. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort, from 2008 to 2013. SETTING: The Thyroid Referral Center at California Pacific Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective cohort of newly diagnosed Graves thyroidopathy patients from the California Pacific Medical Center Thyroid Referral Center. Patients were included if they had TSIs drawn at or near the time of diagnosis of Graves thyroidopathy. Patients were excluded from the study if they had a long-standing diagnosis of Graves thyroidopathy, orbitopathy at time of diagnosis, no TSIs drawn, or follow up of less than 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients were followed for the development of orbitopathy as determined by their endocrinologists. Results were adjusted for family history, smoking status, age, radioiodine ablation treatment, and race. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients met inclusion criteria out of a screened population of 506 patients. Eight out of 33 patients (24%) developed orbitopathy. The mean time from diagnosis of Graves' thyroidopathy to development of orbitopathy was 11.6 months (median: 7.5 months, range: 1 to 20 months). The mean initial TSI value was 421.3 in those that developed orbitopathy compared to 245.9 in those who had at least 6 months of documented follow-up and did not develop orbitopathy (p = 0.04). Those in the top tercile of initial TSI values were 14 times as likely to develop orbitopathy (relative risk (RR) = 14.0, p = 0.02; multivariate adjusted RR = 13.08, p = 0.03). Family history, smoking status, age, radioiodine ablation, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and race were not statistically significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: TSI level greater than 400 at time of presentation of Graves thyroidopathy may be a useful predictor of risk for development of orbitopathy. This information will help to identify patients likely to benefit from early referral to an ophthalmologist for possible preemptive therapy to prevent the development of orbitopathy. Prospective cohort studies are needed to definitively establish the metrics for TSI as a predictor of orbitopathy.

Central serous chorioretinopathy after trabeculectomy in a patient with microphthalmos and congenital rubella syndrome.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of central serous chorioretinopathy after trabeculectomy surgery in an eye with microphthalmos in the setting of congenital rubella syndrome. METHODS: A Case report with color fundus photographs, fluorescein angiography, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: A 46-year-old African American man, with a history of congenital heart disease and bilateral hearing loss, developed persistent vision loss in the left eye after trabeculectomy surgery. Ocular examination revealed bilateral salt-and-pepper retinopathy and a serous detachment in the macula of the left eye. Fluorescein angiography showed an early "smoke-stack" pattern of hyperfluorescence with progressive filling of the subretinal space consistent with central serous chorioretinopathy. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography documented both size and extent of the serous retinal detachment and showed several pigment epithelial detachments. B-scan ultrasonography confirmed the serous retinal detachment on the left but showed no evidence of posterior eye wall thickening or of retrobulbar fluid. An A-scan revealed an axial length of 21.8 mm on the right and 19.7 mm on left eye, confirming microphthalmos and supporting the suspected diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome. CONCLUSION: Although uncommon, central serous chorioretinopathy can occur in anatomically small eyes after trabeculectomy surgery.

Purtscher-like retinopathy after prostate surgery.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of Purtscher-like retinopathy after uncomplicated radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Observational case report. RESULTS: Purtscher retinopathy is named after the Austrian ophthalmologist Othmar Purtscher (1852-1927) who first fully described the syndrome of "traumatic retinal angiopathy" in 1912 as patches of retinal whitening, retinal hemorrhages, and disk edema after compression injury to the head. Since that time, similar findings, often called Purtscher-like retinopathy, have been described in association with a number of conditions, including, among others, acute pancreatitis, chest compression injury, childbirth, and fat embolism syndrome, after long-bone fracture or surgery. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of Purtscher-like changes after nonorthopedic surgery seems, however, to be rare. The authors describe a single case of Purtscher-like retinopathy after uncomplicated radical prostatectomy.

Viral retinitis following intraocular or periocular corticosteroid administration: a case series and comprehensive review of the literature.

PURPOSE: To describe viral retinitis following intravitreal and periocular corticosteroid administration. METHODS: Retrospective case series and comprehensive literature review. RESULTS: We analyzed 5 unreported and 25 previously published cases of viral retinitis following local corticosteroid administration. Causes of retinitis included 23 CMV (76.7%), 5 HSV (16.7%), and 1 each VZV and unspecified (3.3%). Two of 22 tested patients (9.1%) were HIV positive. Twenty-one of 30 (70.0%) cases followed one or more intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide (TA), 4 (13.3%) after one or more posterior sub-Tenon injections of TA, 3 (10.0%) after placement of a 0.59-mg fluocinolone acetonide implant (Retisert), and 1 (3.3%) each after an anterior subconjunctival injection of TA (together with IVTA), an anterior chamber injection, and an anterior sub-Tenon injection. Mean time from most recent corticosteroid administration to development of retinitis was 4.2 months (median 3.8; range 0.25-13.0). Twelve patients (40.0%) had type II diabetes mellitus. Treatments used included systemic antiviral agents (26/30, 86.7%), intravitreal antiviral injections (20/30, 66.7%), and ganciclovir intravitreal implants (4/30, 13.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Viral retinitis may develop or reactivate following intraocular or periocular corticosteroid administration. Average time to development of retinitis was 4 months, and CMV was the most frequently observed agent. Diabetes was a frequent co-morbidity and several patients with uveitis who developed retinitis were also receiving systemic immunosuppressive therapy.

Functional assessment of accommodating intraocular lenses versus monofocal intraocular lenses in cataract surgery: metaanalysis.

PURPOSE: To compare accommodating intraocular lens (IOLs) and monofocal IOLs in restoring accommodation in cataract surgery. SETTING: Dartmouth Medical School and Department of Ophthalmology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA. METHODS: In this metaanalysis, 2 researchers independently extracted data, assessed trial quality, and contacted authors for missing information. Because of measurement-scale variations, outcomes were pooled for distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA) as standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals [CIs] and anterior displacement of the lens as weighted mean differences (95% CI). RESULTS: The metaanalysis comprised 12 randomized controlled studies of 727 eyes. Based on 10 studies that compared DCNVA, accommodating IOLs were favored but failed the test of heterogeneity (I(2) = 94%). Pooling the 6 homogeneous trials (I(2) = 43%) showed no difference (standardized mean difference, -0.16; 95% CI, -0.56 to 0.25). Heterogeneity could not be explained by any characteristic of the study population or methodology. Based on 4 studies that evaluated pilocarpine-induced IOL shift, there was a significant anterior compared with the control (weighted mean difference, 95% CI, -0.36 - 0.47 to -0.24]), although the studies were heterogeneous (I(2) = 58%). Three of 5 studies mentioning posterior capsule opacification (PCO) reported increased rates in the accommodating IOL group postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: There was no clear evidence of near acuity improvement despite statistically significant pilocarpine-induced anterior lens displacement. Further randomized controlled studies with standardized methods evaluating adverse effects (eg, PCO) are needed to clarify the tradeoffs.