Establishment of patient-derived cancer xenografts in immunodeficient NOG mice.

Viable and stable human cancer cell lines and animal models combined with adequate clinical information are essential for future advances in cancer research and patient care. Conventional in vitro cancer cell lines are commonly available; however, they lack detailed information on the patient from which they originate, including disease phenotype and drug sensitivity. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with clinical information (so-called 'cancer xenopatients') are a promising advance that may accelerate the development of anticancer therapies. We established 61 PDX lines from 116 surgically removed tumor tissues inoculated subcutaneously into NOG mice (53% success rate). PDX lines were established from various types of epithelial tumors and also from sarcomas, including gastrointestinal stromal tumors and Ewing/PNET sarcomas. The metastatic tumors yielded PDX lines more effectively (65%) than the primary tumors (27%, P<0.001). In our PDX models, morphological characteristics, gene expression profiles, and genetic alteration patterns were all well preserved. In eight cases (7%), the transplantable xenografts for several generations were composed of large monotonous nonepithelial cells of human origin, revealed to be Epstein-Barr virus infection-associated lympho-proliferative lesions. Despite this, PDX linked with clinical information offer many advantages for preclinical studies investigating new anticancer drugs. The fast and efficient establishment of individual PDX may also contribute to future personalized anticancer therapies.

Complications of surgical treatment of Rosai-Dorfman disease: A case report and review.

BACKGROUND: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) was first described in 1969 as an idiopathic histiocytic proliferative disorder. It commonly presents as a massive and painless adenopathy. Until 1990, extranodal involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) was rare and reported in less than 5% of the total number of patients with extranodal RDD. Complete removal of CNS RDD has been achieved in many cases. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a case of an isolated intracranial RDD in a 53-year-old man. The patient had an episode of generalized seizures. Imaging studies of the brain were compatible with a meningioma en plaque. The mass was exposed by a right frontotemporal craniotomy. The tumor was adhered tightly to the adjacent cerebral cortex and was permeated by pial arteries of the brain surface. The sacrificing of these arteries was inevitable in order to achieve the total removal of the tumor. The patient had incomplete left hemiparesis after the surgery. Brain computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed a postoperative hemorrhage and a low-density lesion in the right frontal lobe. The patient was postoperatively diagnosed with isolated central nervous system RDD. CONCLUSION: Although the complete removal of dural-based lesions without any neurological deficits has been performed in many cases, the treatment of cases with high risks, such as the present case, indicates conservative excisions and adjuvant radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy.

Delayed radiation necrosis with extensive brain edema after gamma knife radiosurgery for multiple cerebral cavernous malformations--case report.

A 39-year-old man presented with multiple intracranial cavernous malformations manifesting as intractable seizures persisting for more than 20 years. He underwent gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for right frontal and left temporal cavernous malformations. He began to suffer from progressive left hemiparesis and inattention 2 years 5 months after the GKRS. Magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal ring enhancement and extensive brain edema around the right frontal lesion. Conservative therapies such as external decompression, low-dose barbiturates, and mild hypothermia had no effect on his clinical status. Stereotactic biopsy of the ring-enhanced area demonstrated gliosis. Signs of cerebral herniation appeared, so we performed partial resection of the right frontal lobe. His symptoms recovered immediately. Subsequent hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy significantly improved the extensive brain edema. Delayed radiation necrosis associated with potentially fatal brain edema may occur after GKRS for cavernous malformations. Internal decompression and subsequent HBO therapy were very effective for the treatment of these lesions.