Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the liver: Perinodular enhancement on contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

We report the case of a 69-year-old woman with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) of the liver. She underwent partial hepatectomy under a preoperative diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma; however, histopathological analysis revealed RLH. The liver nodule showed the imaging feature of perinodular enhancement in the arterial dominant phase on contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, which could be a useful clue for identifying RLH in the liver. Histologically, the perinodular enhancement was compatible with prominent sinusoidal dilatation surrounding the liver nodule.

Characteristics of 22q 11.2 deletion syndrome undiagnosed until adulthood: an example suggesting the importance of psychiatric manifestations.

Patients with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) exhibit various combinations of signs and symptoms including facial dysmorphism, thymus absence, hypoparathyroidism, cellular immunodeficiency and cardiac abnormalities caused by microdeletion of chromosome 22q11.2. Most cases are diagnosed during post-natal cardiac evaluation, though some are diagnosed at later stages. We report the case of a 39-year-old man with 22q11.2DS presenting with seizure due to tardily manifested hypocalcaemia and anxiety disorder. Our experience suggests that 22q11.2DS patients lacking fatal or well-recognised manifestations such as cardiac defects, immunodeficiency and facial dysmorphism tend to survive without medical attention, and are therefore overlooked. Recognition of the age-related variance of the manifestations, and specifically of tardily manifested hypocalcaemia and psychiatric or developmental disorders as manifestations of 22q11.2DS in adulthood, is important for diagnosis and can also help us provide appropriate medical and psychosocial support for newly diagnosed 22q11.2DS patients in adolescence or adulthood and their families.

Acute appendicitis with intestinal malrotation: the usefulness of coronal computed tomography.

We herein present a rare case of acute appendicitis with intestinal malrotation. Coronal images of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed the small intestine on the right side and the large intestine on the left side, thus indicating intestinal malrotation (non-rotation type). In addition, an enhanced, tubular, fluid-filled structure was detected attached to the cecum, which was located superior to the urinary bladder, suggesting acute appendicitis. The present study shows that coronal CT images provide important information for the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis in patients with intestinal malrotation.

Aortic ostia of the bronchial arteries and tracheal bifurcation: MDCT analysis.

AIM: To explore the anatomical relationships between bronchial artery and tracheal bifurcation using computed tomography angiography (CTA). METHODS: One hundred consecutive patients (84 men, 16 women; aged 46-85 years) who underwent CTA using multi-detector row CT (MDCT) were investigated retrospectively. The distance between sites of bronchial artery ostia and tracheal bifurcation, and dividing directions were explored. The directions of division from the descending aorta were described as on a clock face. RESULTS: We identified ostia of 198 bronchial arteries: 95 right bronchial arteries, 67 left bronchial arteries, 36 common trunk arteries. Of these, 172 (87%) divided from the descending aorta, 25 (13%) from the aortic arch, and 1 (0.5%) from the left subclavian artery. The right, left, and common trunk bronchial arteries divided at -1 to 2 cm from tracheal bifurcation with frequencies of 77% (73/95), 82% (54/66), and 70% (25/36), respectively. The dividing direction of right bronchial arteries from the descending aorta was 9 to 10 o'clock with a frequency of 81% (64/79); that of left and common tract bronchial arteries was 11 to 1 o'clock with frequencies of 70% (43/62) and 77% (24/31), respectively. CONCLUSION: CTA using MDCT provides details of the relation between bronchial artery ostia and tracheal bifurcation.

Fibroadenoma of the axillary accessory breast: diagnostic value of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging.

Accessory breast is synonymous with polymastia or supernumerary breast tissue. An accessory breast without a nipple or areola is rare. We report a case of fibroadenoma of an accessory breast with no nipple or areola in a 41-year-old woman who presented with a right axillary mass associated with five small nodules in the normally situated breast. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the accessory breast surrounding the tumor. We ignored the presence of the component surrounding the mass and made a preoperative diagnosis of an axillary mass of possible metastases from multiple breast cancers or breast cancer of unknown origin associated with multiple breast fibroadenomas. From a retrospective view, based on the histological results, MRI and dynamic MRI demonstrated a tiny component of breast-like tissue surrounding the axillary mass and an enhancement pattern typical of fibroadenoma for the axillary mass. For the later diagnosis of the axillary mass, the interpretation of whether the component of breast tissue surrounding the axillary mass was present is crucial. If the component exists, a tumor that originated from the accessory breast should be foremost in the differential diagnosis. Dynamic MRI appears to contribute to the diagnosis of fibroadenoma of an accessory breast before biopsy or surgical resection.

Pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung with intrapulmonary aerogenic metastases on FDG PET.

A 59-year-old man presented with hemoptysis. Chest x-ray and computed tomography showed a cavitating mass and ground glass opacities in the right lower lobe. Positron emission tomography showed large regions of markedly increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the right lower lobe consistent with primary cancer and intrapulmonary metastases, and several foci of high fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the mediastinum and left neck consistent with lymph node metastases. We concluded that ground glass opacities were not aspiration of blood but intrapulmonary aerogenic metastases. Continuous active bleeding from the right bronchus (B6) was confirmed by bronchoscopy, and the right lower lobe was resected to remove the bleeding source. Pathologic findings showed pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung with intrapulmonary aerogenic metastases.

Leiomyoma of the seminal vesicle.

We report a case of leiomyoma of the seminal vesicle in a 74-year-old man who presented with left hemilumbago. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass containing coarse calcification and low signal intensity areas on T1- and T2-weighted images. The clinical features of previously reported cases of leiomyoma of the seminal vesicle are presented, including those of the present case. There remains a lack of consensus regarding surgical resection of leiomyoma of the seminal vesicle.

Late-onset tumefactive multiple sclerosis.

A patient with tumefactive multiple sclerosis (MS) initially presented at the age of 87 years; the revised diagnostic criteria from the International Panel on MS (2001) were fulfilled. Late-onset MS and tumefactive demyelinating lesions are discussed. This case suggests that MS can occur at any age. MS should be borne in mind for differential diagnosis if a brain tumor-like lesion with little mass effect and edema is found in an elderly patient.