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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of utilizing neural fiber trunk diameter in accurately diagnosing the length of the aganglionic segment in patients definitively diagnosed with Hirschsprung's disease. RESULTS: In this study, 40 patients (19 males, 21 females; mean age 2.5 ± 2.2646 years) were assessed for Hirschsprung's disease. Constipation was the main symptom (75%), followed by abdominal issues. All underwent contrast enema and rectal suction biopsy for diagnosis, followed by surgery (predominantly Soave and Swensen techniques). Majority (85%) had rectosigmoid involvement. Neural fiber diameter was measured, with 52.5% ≤40 µm and 47.5% >40 µm. Statistical analysis showed 40% sensitivity(CI:95%) and 47% specificity(CI:95%) with a cutoff of 40.5 µm. Cohen's kappa index for aganglionic segment size was 0.7.
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Doença de Hirschsprung , Fibras Nervosas , Humanos , Doença de Hirschsprung/patologia , Doença de Hirschsprung/cirurgia , Feminino , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Biópsia/métodos , Fibras Nervosas/patologia , Lactente , Criança , Reto/patologia , Reto/inervação , Reto/cirurgiaRESUMO
Endothelial cells (ECs) are highly glycolytic, but whether they generate glycolytic intermediates via gluconeogenesis (GNG) in glucose-deprived conditions remains unknown. Here, we report that glucose-deprived ECs upregulate the GNG enzyme PCK2 and rely on a PCK2-dependent truncated GNG, whereby lactate and glutamine are used for the synthesis of lower glycolytic intermediates that enter the serine and glycerophospholipid biosynthesis pathways, which can play key roles in redox homeostasis and phospholipid synthesis, respectively. Unexpectedly, however, even in normal glucose conditions, and independent of its enzymatic activity, PCK2 silencing perturbs proteostasis, beyond its traditional GNG role. Indeed, PCK2-silenced ECs have an impaired unfolded protein response, leading to accumulation of misfolded proteins, which due to defective proteasomes and impaired autophagy, results in the accumulation of protein aggregates in lysosomes and EC demise. Ultimately, loss of PCK2 in ECs impaired vessel sprouting. This study identifies a role for PCK2 in proteostasis beyond GNG.
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Células Endoteliais , Gluconeogênese , Fosfoenolpiruvato Carboxiquinase (GTP) , Proteostase , Gluconeogênese/genética , Humanos , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Fosfoenolpiruvato Carboxiquinase (GTP)/metabolismo , Fosfoenolpiruvato Carboxiquinase (GTP)/genética , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Autofagia , Resposta a Proteínas não Dobradas , Fosfoenolpiruvato Carboxiquinase (ATP)RESUMO
In the last decade, melatonin has gained recognition as a potent scavenger and an effective antioxidant capable of neutralizing free radicals, including reactive oxygen species. Additionally, it exhibits anti-apoptotic properties. In this review, we will examine a compilation of articles that explore the cellular signaling function of melatonin on spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and adjacent cells such as Sertoli and Leydig cells. These cells play a crucial role in the proliferation of SSCs both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we analyze the function of melatonin in the proliferation of SSCs from other aspects. For this purpose, we examine the articles based on the presence of melatonin on SSCs in four groups: As a supplement in SSCs medium culture, SSCs three-dimensional culture system, SSCs freezing medium, and as a therapeutic factor in vivo. Mechanisms of growth and proliferation of SSCs were considered. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential effects of melatonin as a powerful antioxidant or growth stimulant for SSCs, both in vivo and in vitro.
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PURPOSE: This study aims to elucidate the dose-dependent effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation (CoQ10) on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), physical performance, and oxidative stress in adults. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases up to August 2023, focusing on randomized control trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on EIMD recovery, physical performance and oxidative stress mitigation in adults. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95 % confidence interval (95 %CI) were estimated using the random-effects model. RESULTS: The meta-analysis incorporated 28 RCTs, encompassing 830 subjects. CoQ10 supplementation significantly decreased creatine kinase (CK) (WMD: -50.64 IU/L; 95 %CI: -74.75, -26.53, P < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (WMD: -52.10 IU/L; 95 %CI: -74.01, -30.19, P < 0.001), myoglobin (Mb) (WMD: -21.77 ng/ml; 95 %CI: -32.59, -10.94, P < 0.001), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) (WMD: -0.73 µmol/l; 95 %CI: -1.26, -0.20, P = 0.007) levels. No significant alteration in total antioxidant capacity was observed post-CoQ10 treatment. Each 100 mg/day increase in CoQ10 supplementation was correlated with a significant reduction in CK (MD: -23.07 IU/L, 95 %CI: -34.27, -11.86), LDH (WMD: -27.21 IU/L, 95 %CI: -28.23, -14.32), Mb (MD: -7.09 ng/ml; 95 %CI: -11.35, -2.83) and MDA (WMD: -0.17 µmol/l, 95 %CI: -0.29, -0.05) serum levels. Using SMD analysis, "very large" effects on LDH and "moderate" effects on CK and MDA were noted, albeit nonsignificant for other outcomes. CONCLUSION: CoQ10 supplementation may be effective in reducing biomarkers of EIMD and oxidative stress in adults. Nevertheless, given the preponderance of studies conducted in Asia, the generalizability of these findings warrants caution. Further RCTs, particularly in non-Asian populations with large sample sizes and extended supplementation durations, are essential to substantiate these observations.
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Estresse Oxidativo , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Biomarcadores , Suplementos Nutricionais , MúsculosRESUMO
New species and new records of Palaearctic Campopleginae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) are reported in this paper: Porizon dahaka Vas, sp. nov. is described from Iran, with a complementary modification to the identification key of the genus; seven Western Palaearctic species, namely Bathyplectes rufigaster Horstmann, Casinaria paramorionella Riedel, Diadegma mediterraneum (Constantineanu), Diadegma neomajale Horstmann, Diadegma tamariscator (Aubert), Eriborus obscuripes Horstmann, and Hyposoter fitchii (Bridgman) are reported for the first time from the Eastern Palaearctic region (Iran); four species already known from the Eastern Palaearctic region, namely Diadegma aculeatum (Bridgman), Diadegma elegans Dbar, Dusona stragifex (Frster), and Meloboris pektusana Vas, are reported for the first time from Iran, the latter with the complementary description of the hitherto unknown male. Additionally, further data are provided on the distribution of Lemophagus eburnipes Vas, a species recently described from Iran.
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Himenópteros , Masculino , Animais , Irã (Geográfico)RESUMO
Introduction: With the increasing accessibility of smartphones, their use has been considered in healthcare services. Mobile applications have played a pivotal role in providing health services during COVID-19. This study is aimed at identifying the features, advantages, and disadvantages of health management mobile applications during COVID-19. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the related keywords up to November 2021. The original articles in English about the health management mobile applications in COVID-19 were selected. The study selection was done by two researchers independently according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction was done using a data extraction form, and the results were summarized and reported in related tables and figures. Results: Finally, 12 articles were included based on the criteria. The benefits of mobile health applications for health management during COVID-19 were in four themes and 19 subthemes, and the most advantages of the application were in disease management and the possibility of recording information by users, digital tracking of calls, and data confidentiality. Furthermore, the disadvantages of them have been presented in two themes and 14 subthemes. The most common disadvantages are reduced adherence to daily symptom reports, personal interpretation of questions, and result bias. Conclusion: The study results showed that mobile applications have been effective in controlling the prevalence of COVID-19 by identifying virus-infested environments, identifying and monitoring infected people, controlling social distancing, and maintaining quarantine. It is suggested that usability, ethical and security considerations, protection of personal information, and privacy of users be considered in application design and development.
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COVID-19 , Aplicativos Móveis , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Smartphone , ConfidencialidadeRESUMO
CONTEXT: There are contradictory findings about the relationship between various animal protein sources and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to understand better the associations between total protein, animal protein, and animal protein sources and the risk of developing GDM. DATA SOURCES: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science encompassing the literature up until August 2022. A random-effects model was used to combine the data. For estimating the dose-response curves, a one-stage linear mixed-effects meta-analysis was conducted. DATA EXTRACTION: Data related to the association between animal protein consumption and the risk of GDM in the general population was extracted from prospective cohort studies. DATA ANALYSIS: It was determined that 17 prospective cohort studies with a total of 49 120 participants met the eligibility criteria. It was concluded with high certainty of evidence that there was a significant association between dietary animal protein intake and GDM risk (1.94, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.65, n = 6). Moreover, a higher intake of total protein, total meat, and red meat was positively and significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM. The pooled relative risks of GDM were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.94; n = 3) for a 30 g/d increment in processed meat, 1.68 (95% CI: 1.25, 2.24; n = 2) and 1.94 (95% CI: 1.41, 2.67; n = 4) for a 100 g/d increment in total and red meat, and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.33; n = 4) and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.52; n = 3) for a 5% increment in total protein and animal protein, respectively. GDM had a positive linear association with total protein, animal protein, total meat consumption, and red meat consumption, based on non-linear dose-response analysis. CONCLUSION: Overall, consuming more animal protein-rich foods can increase the risk of GDM. The results from the current study need to be validated by other, well-designed prospective studies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022352303.
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BACKGROUND: In recent decades, in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been widely used as a method of assisted reproductive technology (ART) to improve fertility in individuals. To be more successful in this laboratory method, we used the presence of two common types of antioxidants (melatonin and vitamin C) simultaneously and exclusively in IVF medium. METHODS: The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were obtained from Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HMG) -stimulated mice. Subsequently, metaphase II (MII) oocytes were fertilized in vitro. In the experiment, the IVF medium was randomly divided into two equal groups: The control group did not receive any antioxidants. In the treatment group, 100 µM melatonin and 5 mM vitamin C were added to the IVF medium. Finally, oocytes and putative embryos transferred into developmental medium and cultured 120 h after IVF to the blastocyst stage. After and before IVF, oocytes and putative embryos were stained with dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) and the H2O2 level was measured with an inverted fluorescence microscope using ImageJ software. At the end of the fifth day after IVF, the expression of Bax and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) was evaluated using real-time PCR. RESULTS: The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oocytes and putative embryos observed in the treatment group demonstrated a significant reduce compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.01. (.Furthermore, the number of embryos in the blastocycte stage(P < 0.05), the expression level of the Bcl2 (P < 0.05) gene, the Bax unlike gene, significantly increased compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the presence of melatonin and vitamin C antioxidants simultaneously and exclusively in the IVF medium leads to a reduction in ROS and ,as a result, improves the growth of the embryo up to the blastocyst stage.
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Melatonina , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Melatonina/farmacologia , Melatonina/uso terapêutico , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Oócitos/metabolismo , Fertilização in vitroRESUMO
Melanomas reprogram their metabolism to rapidly adapt to therapy-induced stress conditions, allowing them to persist and ultimately develop resistance. We report that a subpopulation of melanoma cells tolerate MAPK pathway inhibitors (MAPKis) through a concerted metabolic reprogramming mediated by peroxisomes and UDP-glucose ceramide glycosyltransferase (UGCG). Compromising peroxisome biogenesis, by repressing PEX3 expression, potentiated the proapoptotic effects of MAPKis via an induction of ceramides, an effect limited by UGCG-mediated ceramide metabolism. Cotargeting PEX3 and UGCG selectively eliminated a subset of metabolically active, drug-tolerant CD36+ melanoma persister cells, thereby sensitizing melanoma to MAPKis and delaying resistance. Increased levels of peroxisomal genes and UGCG were found in patient-derived MAPKi-relapsed melanomas, and simultaneously inhibiting PEX3 and UGCG restored MAPKi sensitivity in multiple models of therapy resistance. Finally, combination therapy consisting of a newly identified inhibitor of the PEX3-PEX19 interaction, a UGCG inhibitor, and MAPKis demonstrated potent antitumor activity in preclinical melanoma models, thus representing a promising approach for melanoma treatment.
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Melanoma , Peroxissomos , Humanos , Peroxissomos/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Melanoma/genética , Ceramidas/farmacologia , Ceramidas/metabolismoRESUMO
Background: Several animal studies have shown the protective effect of silymarin (the extract of Silybum marianum seeds) against anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH). However, the knowledge of ATDH of silymarin in humans is scarce. In this study, we aimed to clinically evaluate it. Methods: During this randomized controlled clinical trial, 36 new cases of tuberculosis (TB) were enrolled to receive either silymarin 150 mg twice daily for two weeks along with a standard anti-TB therapeutic regimen (experimental group; n = 16) or standard anti-TB therapeutic regimen alone (control group; n = 21). Liver function tests (serum AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin) at the end of weeks 1 and 2 as well as the rate of ATDH during the study were determined and compared between the groups. Results: No significant differences between the experimental and control groups were observed at the end of the first week regarding liver function tests; However, at the end of the second week, the mean serum levels of AST (P = 0.03) and ALP (P = 0.04) were significantly lower in the experimental group. ALT (P = 0.016) and ALP (P = 0.027) levels in the experimental group significantly decreased during the study, while the changes in the control group were not significant. Two patients in the control group (9.5%) developed ATDH, while no one in the experimental group manifested this adverse effect. Conclusions: Our study suggests that silymarin use has the potential for the reduction of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
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BACKGROUND: Hormonal changes alter the physiological level of ROS and cause oxidative stress in the cell. As estimated, hormonal deficiencies, environmental and ideological factors make up about 25% of male infertility. Pathogenic reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a chief cause of unexplained infertility. Limited studies exist on the effects of testosterone on human sperm culture. Therefore, in the current study, the effect of different doses of testosterone on sperm parameters and chromatin quality was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Semen samples from 15 normospermic and 15 asthenospermic patients were prepared by swim up method, and then were divided into four groups by exposing to different concentrations of testosterone (1, 10, and 100nM) for 45min. Samples without any intervention were considered as control group. All samples were washed twice. Sperm parameters and chromatin protamination were assessed in each group and the remains were frozen. After two weeks, all tests were repeated for sperm thawed. Also, the MSOM technique was used to determine the sperm morphology of class 1. RESULTS: Although sperm parameters were not show any significant differences in normospermic and asthenospermic samples exposed to different concentrations of testosterone before and after freezing, chromatin protamination was significantly decreased in the normospermic samples exposed to 10nM of testosterone before freezing (p<0.006), as well as 1 and 10nM of testosterone after freezing compared to control samples (p=0.001 and p=0.0009, respectively). Similarly, chromatin protamination in the asthenospermic samples was significantly decreased at concentration of 1nM of testosterone before and after freezing (p=0.0014 and p=0.0004, respectively), and at concentration of 10nM of testosterone before and after freezing (p=0.0009, p=0.0007) compared to control samples. CONCLUSION: Using a low dose of testosterone in the sperm culture medium, has positive effects on chromatin quality.
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Astenozoospermia , Sêmen , Humanos , Masculino , Cromatina , Testosterona/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Criopreservação/métodos , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Astenozoospermia/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
We aimed to conduct this dose-dependent meta-analysis to examine the relation between total protein, animal protein, and its sources with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We searched databases, comprising PubMed/Medline, Web of Science (ISI), Embase, and Google Scholar, for the published studies up to 28 March 2023. Prospective cohort study designs that investigated associations between dietary intake of various animal protein sources and with risk of IBD in the general population were identified. Eleven prospective cohort studies with 4,302,554 participants and 8067 cases were considered eligible. Findings indicated that higher intake of dairy was significantly associated with a lower risk of IBD (relative risk [RR]: 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72, 0.90), Crohn disease (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.86), and ulcerative colitis (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.94). There was no association between different sources of animal protein and the risk of IBD. The dose-response analysis suggested that each 100 g/d increment in dietary total meat consumption was associated with a 38% greater risk of IBD. Moreover, a positive linear association was found between total meat intake and risk of IBD (Pnonlinearity = 0.522, Pdose-response = 0.005). Overall, among the dietary sources of protein, the risk of IBD increased only with increasing total meat intake, and the consumption of protein from dairy products was found to be a protective factor against the IBD risk. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42023397719.
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Colite Ulcerativa , Doença de Crohn , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Animais , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/etiologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/epidemiologia , Colite Ulcerativa/etiologia , Doença de Crohn/etiologia , Estudos de CoortesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: One of the key limitations of targeted cancer therapies is the rapid onset of therapy resistance. Taking BRAF-mutant melanoma as paradigm, we previously identified the lipogenic regulator SREBP-1 as a central mediator of resistance to MAPK-targeted therapy. Reasoning that lipogenesis-mediated alterations in membrane lipid poly-unsaturation lie at the basis of therapy resistance, we targeted fatty acid synthase (FASN) as key player in this pathway to evoke an exquisite vulnerability to clinical inducers of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby rationalizing a novel clinically actionable combination therapy to overcome therapy resistance. METHODS: Using gene expression analysis and mass spectrometry-based lipidomics of BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines, melanoma PDX and clinical data sets, we explored the association of FASN expression with membrane lipid poly-unsaturation and therapy-resistance. Next, we treated therapy-resistant models with a preclinical FASN inhibitor TVB-3664 and a panel of ROS inducers and performed ROS analysis, lipid peroxidation tests and real-time cell proliferation assays. Finally, we explored the combination of MAPK inhibitors, TVB-3664 and arsenic trioxide (ATO, as a clinically used ROS-inducer) in Mel006 BRAF mutant PDX as a gold model of therapy resistance and assessed the effect on tumor growth, survival and systemic toxicity. RESULTS: We found that FASN expression is consistently increased upon the onset of therapy resistance in clinical melanoma samples, in cell lines and in Mel006 PDX and is associated with decreased lipid poly-unsaturation. Forcing lipid poly-unsaturation in therapy-resistant models by combining MAPK inhibition with FASN inhibition attenuated cell proliferation and rendered cells exquisitely sensitive to a host of ROS inducers. In particular, the triple combination of MAPK inhibition, FASN inhibition, and the clinical ROS-inducing compound ATO dramatically increased survival of Mel006 PDX models from 15 to 72% with no associated signs of toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that under MAPK inhibition the direct pharmacological inhibition of FASN evokes an exquisite vulnerability to inducers of ROS by increasing membrane lipid poly-unsaturation. The exploitation of this vulnerability by combining MAPK and/or FASN inhibitors with inducers of ROS greatly delays the onset of therapy resistance and increases survival. Our work identifies a clinically actionable combinatorial treatment for therapy-resistant cancer.
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Melanoma , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf , Humanos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Lipídeos de Membrana/farmacologia , Lipídeos de Membrana/uso terapêutico , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/patologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Resistencia a Medicamentos AntineoplásicosRESUMO
We conducted an umbrella review to summarize the existing evidence on the effect of early enteral nutrition (EEN) compared with other approaches, including delayed enteral nutrition (DEN), parenteral nutrition (PN), and oral feeding (OF) on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. We performed a systematic search up to December 2021, in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science. We included systematic reviews with meta-analyses (SRMAs) of randomized trials investigating EEN compared with DEN, PN, or OF for any clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. We used "A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews" (AMSTAR2) and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for assessing the methodological quality of the systematic reviews and their included trial, respectively. The certainty of the evidence was rated using the "Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation" (GRADE) approach. We included 45 eligible SRMAs contributing with a total of 103 randomized controlled trials. The overall meta-analyses showed that patients who received EEN had statistically significant beneficial effects on most outcomes compared with any control (ie, DEN, PN, or OF), including mortality, sepsis, overall complications, infection complications, multiorgan failure, anastomotic leakage, length of hospital stay, time to flatus, and serum albumin levels. No statistically significant beneficial effects were found for risk of pneumonia, noninfectious complications, vomiting, wound infection, as well as number of days of ventilation, intensive care unit days, serum protein, and pre-serum albumin levels. Our results indicate that EEN may be preferred over DEN, PN, and OF because of the beneficial effects on many clinical outcomes.
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Nutrição Enteral , Nutrição Parenteral , Humanos , Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Fatores de Tempo , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Nutrição Parenteral/métodos , Albumina SéricaRESUMO
Objectives: In recent years, smoking water pipes or hookah has increased among adolescents in most countries. Although there is evidence in support of the negative effects of this type of smoking on human health, such as the increased risk of lung disease, little is known about the potential effects of hookah smoking on the male reproductive system, especially on the molecular aspects of sperm. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study examined sperm DNA fragmentation index, protamine 1 and 2 (PRM1 and PRM2) genes expression, and oxidant status in normozoospermic hookah smokers in comparison with non-smoker controls. Results: Our results showed significantly higher rates of DNA fragmentation, protamine deficiency, and abnormal chromatin condensation in the spermatozoa of hookah smokers (P < .0001). Also, protamine gene expression showed a remarkable decrease in hookah smokers (1.55 ± 2.54 and 0.33 ± 0.54) compared to the controls (3.49 ± 5.41 and 1.22 ± 1.96), although the reduction was not statistically significant (P = .155 and P = .066, respectively). Moreover, a significantly higher level of semen MDA was observed in the case group compared to the controls (0.39 ± 1.04 vs 0.15 ± 0.21; P = .013). Conclusion: According to our study, although hookah smoking does not have a significant effect on sperm parameters, it may have deleterious effects on DNA integrity, oxidative status, and nuclear protein levels of spermatozoa.
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We quantified the life table parameters and predation capacity of a generalist predatory mite, Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein and Arutunjan on five monotypic diets, including Tetranychus urticae Koch (TSSM) eggs in the presence (SW) and absence (SN) of webs, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (GHWF) eggs (G), honeydew (H), and maize pollen (M) as well as three mixed diets, including SN + M, SN + G, and G + M. Our results showed that the individuals fed on the mixed diets had a considerably shorter developmental time and pre-oviposition period (APOP), higher oviposition days, higher fecundity and population growth rate than those raised on the monotypic diets. Furthermore, we found that the mixed diet of TSSM and GHWF eggs was the most favorable diet, resulted in the highest fecundity and population growth rate, shortest developmental time and APOP. While TSSM eggs alone in the presence of webs and honeydew were the worst diets resulted in the longest developmental time, lower oviposition day, higher fecundity and population growth rate. Our data determined that TSSM has more nutritional benefits than GHWF for T. bagdasarjani. We observed the positive effects of pollen addition to prey on the predatory mite's immature and adult life-history characters; however, it reduced the predation rate. Overall, maize pollen could enhance ecosystem services provided against spider mites and whiteflies by positively impacting the increase of T. bagdasarjani population. This predator may be more effective when two prey species are available than when only one species is present.
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Hemípteros , Tetranychidae , Feminino , Animais , Comportamento Predatório , Crescimento Demográfico , Ecossistema , Dieta , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodosRESUMO
Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), expressed on the surface of myeloid cells, is required for extravasation at sites of inflammation and may also modulate myeloid cell activation. Infiltration of myeloid cells is a common feature of tumors that drives disease progression, but the function of JAM-A in this phenomenon and its impact on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells is little understood. Here we show that systemic cancer-associated inflammation in mice enhanced JAM-A expression selectively on circulating monocytes in an IL1ß-dependent manner. Using myeloid-specific JAM-A-deficient mice, we found that JAM-A was dispensable for recruitment of monocytes and other myeloid cells to tumors, in contrast to its reported role in inflammation. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that loss of JAM-A did not influence the transcriptional reprogramming of myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment. Overall, our results support the notion that cancer-associated inflammation can modulate the phenotype of circulating immune cells, and we demonstrate that tumors can bypass the requirement of JAM-A for myeloid cell recruitment and reprogramming.
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Molécula A de Adesão Juncional , Camundongos , Animais , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Monócitos/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismoRESUMO
Introduction: The prevalence of COVID-19 as pandemic disease and efforts to control it have caused extensive changes in work methods and the global growth of teleworking, especially in health. This study aimed to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of teleworking in healthcare institutions during the Covid-19 era. Methods: This systematic review was conducted up to January 1, 2022, by searching the relevant keywords in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases. Study selection has been conducted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction was done using the data extraction form based on the study objectives. Results: From all 276 articles retrieved, 14 studies were included in the study. The results show that England had the highest number of articles (6 articles). The advantages of teleworking have ten categories, and the disadvantages have nine categories. The most important benefits of teleworking include facilitating service delivery, increasing satisfaction, supporting healthcare providers, and reducing costs. The most important disadvantages of using teleworking have been the lack of facilities and support, the lack of technology acceptance, and reduced interactions between healthcare providers. Conclusion: Although teleworking was a suitable solution for some problems in healthcare institutions during COVID-19, it is also associated with obstacles. It is recommended that managers make policies and guidelines to use appropriate technologies, provide facilities, and have continuous support and increased interactions between healthcare providers and patients.
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Conventional sperm processing uses centrifugation has a negative effect on sperm parameters and DNA integrity. We designed and fabricated a novel microfluid device based on chemotaxis and thermotaxis, and compared it with the swim-up method. Twenty normal samples with high DNA fragmentation were included. Each sample was divided into four groups: Group 1, control, Group 2: sperm selection by thermotaxis, Group 3: sperm selection by chemotaxis, and Group 4: sperm selection with thermotaxis and chemotaxis. We used cumulus cells in a microfluid device to create chemotaxis, and, two warm stages to form a temperature gradient for thermotaxis. The spermatozoa were assessed based on the concentration, motility, and fine morphology using Motile Sperm Organelle Morphology Examination, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), acrosome reaction (AR), and sperm DNA fragmentation. Concentration (22.40 ± 5.39 vs. 66.50 ± 19.21; p < 0.001) and DNA fragmentation (12.30 ± 3.96% vs. 17.95 ± 2.89%; p < 0.001) after selection in the chemotaxis and thermotaxis microfluid device were significantly lower than control group. The progressive motility (93.75 ± 4.39% vs. 75.55 ± 5.86%, p < 0.001), normal morphology (15.45 ± 2.50% vs. 10.35 ± 3.36, p < 0.001), MMP (97.65 ± 1.81% vs. 94 ± 3.89%, p = 0.02), and AR status (79.20 ± 5.28% vs. 31.20 ± 5.24%, p < 0.001) in the chemotaxis and thermotaxis microfluid device were significantly increased compared to control group. According to these findings, spermatozoa that have penetrated the cumulus oophorus have better morphology and motility, as well as acrosome reactivity and DNA integrity.
Assuntos
Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Resposta Táctica , Humanos , Masculino , Fragmentação do DNA , Dispositivos Lab-On-A-Chip , Sêmen , EspermatozoidesRESUMO
Sperm processing for assisted reproductive technologies (ART) aims to separate immotile and debris from the motile spermatozoa in the semen. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of free centrifuge sorting (FCS) approach based on a combination of rheotaxis and swim-up on sperm biological characteristics and ICSI clinical outcomes. Each semen sample was splitted into two equal parts for 67 ICSI cycles with donation oocytes. Parts were processed with the Direct Swim Up (DSU) (control) and with the FCS method (experimental). Sperm quality was assessed in terms of motility, fine morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidation and sperm DNA fragmentation. Also Following ICSI, the clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Sperm progressive motility (93.5 ± 4.1% vs. 78.6 ± 8.2%; p < 0.001), the fraction of Class I (good) morphology (30.2 ± 9.4% vs. 23.7 ± 8.5%; p < 0.0001) and the rate of mitochondrial membrane potential (77.4 ± 7.2% vs. 66.9 ± 5.7%; p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the FCS compared to DSU groups. The level of lipid peroxidation (0.5 ± 0.05% vs. 0.6 ± 0.06%; p < 0.0001) and concentration of DNA fragmentation (DF) (7.4 ± 1.6% vs. 15.4 ± 2.6%; p < 0.0001) were lower in sperm from the FCS group compared to DSU group. There were higher rates of high-quality embryo formation (p < 0.001), implantation and clinical pregnancy rates (p = 0.03) in the FCS group compared to the control group. The processing of seminal samples using FCS collected spermatozoa with better biological quality and resulted in higher reproductive outcomes in ICSI cycles.