Environmental assessment and durability performance of cement mortar incorporating sugarcane vinasse in replacement of water.

Sugarcane vinasse wastewater (SVW) is one of the most voluminous waste generated in the ethanol industry and usually applied in fertigation. It is characterized by presenting high COD and BOD; thus, continued disposal of vinasse results in negative environmental impacts. In this paper, we investigated the potential of SVW in replacement of water in mortar, rethinking about reuse of effluent, reduction of pollutants in the environment, and water consumption in civil construction. Mortar composites with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of water replaced by SVW were studied in order to determine the optimum content. Mortars with 60 to 100% of SVW result in improved workability and reduction in water demand. The mortars with 20, 40, and 60% SVW resulted in satisfactory mechanical properties, i.e., similar to the control mortar. However, XRD analysis of cement pastes showed that the SVW causes a delay in CH formation, reaching mechanical strength after 28 days. Durability tests results showed that SVW contributes to the mortar becoming more impermeable; therefore, less susceptible to weathering. This study provides an important evaluation of the potential of SVW for application in civil construction, indicating relevant results for replacement of water by liquid wastes in cementitious composites and reduction the use of natural resources.

Influence of silver nanoparticles on the tissue reaction of polyacrylic acid-based gel.

PURPOSE: To study the influence of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on tissue reaction when incorporated into a polymeric matrix of polyacrylic acid-based (Carbopol®) gel as a proposal for a new low-cost type of biomaterial that is simple to manufacture for use as an antimicrobial and antioxidative dressing. METHODS: In-vivo tests of implantation in the subcutaneous tissue of the back of rats were performed using polyethylene tubes in three situations: empty, only the gel, and gel incorporated with AgNP. Then, the tissue reaction was studied by counting inflammatory cells. Additionally, in-vitro tests of the antioxidative and antimicrobial activity of AgNP were performed. The radical 2,2 diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to test the antioxidative activity of AgNP using electron spin resonance. The antimicrobial activity of AgNP was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration against the microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. RESULTS: The results indicated that AgNP presents antioxidative activity and was able to inhibit the growth of the microorganisms tested. The addition of AgNP in Carbopol® did not alter the tissue inflammatory response (p>0.05, Kruskal-Wallis's test). CONCLUSIONS: The new biomaterial is promising for future use as a dressing for its beneficial properties for regenerative processes.