HISTOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF FEXOFENADINE ON SALIVARY GLAND IN RATS.

Fexofenadine is a newly introduced oral non-sedating agent used for allergic diseases. We sought to investigate the effects of the use of fexofenadine on the salivary gland of adult male albino rats. 30 adult male albino rats were classified randomly into 3 groups, as follows: Group A (control group) which consisted of 10 healthy rats. Group B (treated group) which consisted of 10 rats received FEX 5mg/kg/day, and Group C (treated group) which consisted of 10 rats received FEX 10mg/kg/day. Blood samples were obtained to assess serum levels of Thioredoxin reductase (TRX) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Salivary glands were removed and prepared for histological examination. This study showed that significantly (p<0.05) higher TRX and MDA levels were observed in group B and group C, compared to group A. The histological examination for salivary tissues revealed degenerative changes in serous cells of acini were present with deep pyknotic nuclei. Vacuolar cytoplasmic degeneration is also seen in other certain cells. Blood congestion was present in the intralobular blood vessels, particularly around the striated ducts. The glandular secretion duct contained mucus and serous secretion and the wall of the duct was surrounded by many WBCs with macrophage. Fexofenadine hydrochloride use induces remarkable histopathological changes with dose-dependent response and remarkably linked to elevation of oxidative stress markers.

METFORMIN EFFECTS ON NEUREGULIN-1 IN POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN WOMEN.

The study aims to assess the levels of Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) in patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and to determine the impact of metformin treatment on their serum NRG1 levels. PCOS is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, while NRG1 is linked to regulating inflammation and ovulation. The study was conducted on sixty women with PCOS and thirty healthy women as the control group. Thirty patients completed the follow-up study and continued on metformin treatment for three months. The study was a cross-sectional study done in Salah Al-Deen general hospital/gynaecology and obstetrics department in Tikrit City from November 2022 to January 2023. The participants were diagnosed with PCOs based on the Rotterdam criteria, and their BMI and insulin resistance were measured before and after therapy. Fasting serum NRG1 was also measured. The study found that women with PCOS had increased levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance, as well as increased levels of NRG1. However, treatment with metformin for three months resulted in a significant decrease in body mass index, blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance. NRG1 level decreased significantly after 3 months of treatment with 850 mg per day with metformin in women with PCOS.