Assessment of Nutrients Intake in Pediatrics with Type 1 Diabetes and Dyslipidemia in Jordan.

Background: Dyslipidemias are disorders of lipoprotein metabolism that occur during childhood and adolescence, often persist into adulthood, and increase the risk of developing atherosclerotic lesions. This study aimed to assess the potential association between nutrient intake and dyslipidemia in Jordanian pediatric patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Amman, Jordan, and involved 90 children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Caregivers provided the following data: sex, age, type and dose of insulin, age at onset of type 1 diabetes, and level of physical activity. Anthropometric measurements were obtained using calibrated scales, and CDC growth charts were used to assess participants' body weight status. Nutrient intake was estimated using a 120-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) previously validated in Jordanian children and adolescents. Serum lipid levels, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), were measured. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between nutrient intake and dyslipidemia. Results: The results indicated that 36.7% of study participants had dyslipidemia. There were no significant differences in nutrient intake between dyslipidemic and normolipidemic individuals, except for a significantly higher median intake of vitamin B12 in the dyslipidemic group compared to the normolipidemic group (3.6 versus 2.7 µg, P-value = 0.046). Conclusion: This study found no significant association between the prevalence of dyslipidemia and nutrient intake in children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Dietary Patterns Associated with Breast Cancer in the Middle East: A Scoping Review.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most predominant malignancy in Arab women in the Middle East, and yearly increases in occurrence by 37.5 and mortality rates by 15.2 for every 100,000 in 2019. This review explores the gap in research investigating the role of dietary patterns and BC in Middle Eastern countries. Furthermore, we analyze the evidence connecting these patterns to BC prevalence in the region, discussing implications for public health and preventive strategies. PubMed, ProQuest, and Cochrane databases were searched up to November 2023. Articles published in English from 2000 to 2023 were identified. Our search included dietary patterns (DP), their association with BC and specific to Middle Eastern Regions. The majority of existing research is concentrated in Iran, with limited illustration from Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Jordan, and a notable absence of studies from other Middle Eastern countries. We found that dietary intervention is closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of BC. Most DPs such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Mediterranean, Plant-based and Paleolithic diets are identified to decrease the probability of BC by being rich sources of fiber, healthy fats, and vitamins and minerals. However, there are few DPs that increase the risk of BC, because of the existence of foods such as unhealthy fats, low fiber, sugars, and fried foods in those patterns which contribute to increasing the risk factors associated with BC. This review highlights the intricate connection between DPs and the risk of BC in the Middle East, revealing potential protective effects and heightened risks linked to specific dietary elements.

Erratum to "Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0758.].

Protective effect of dietary micronutrients on gastric cancer risk among Jordanians.

Introduction: Objective: several dietary and non-dietary factors and genetic predisposition may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. The findings about associations between micronutrients and gastric cancer (GC) is still inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary micronutrients on gastric cancer risk. Methods: a case-control study comprised of 173 GC (107 males: 66 females) patients and 313 (190 males: 123 females) population-based controls matched for age, occupation, and marital status. Demographics, medical history, physical activity, and nutrient intake information were collected using reliable interview-based questionnaires. Information on dietary micronutrient intake was collected from the participants using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) and evaluate associations between dietary micronutrients and GC risk. Results: GC was inversely associated with the consumption of vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamins D, E, K, B2, B3, B6, B12, and C, folate, chromium, iodine, and selenium. Additionally, a protective effect was observed for consumption of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphate, sodium, and zinc. In almost all the micronutrients, the second tertile showed a more pronounced reduction in GC risk as compared to the first tertile. Conclusions: our data support favorable effects of dietary consumption of some vitamins and minerals against GC risk.

Introducción: Objetivo: varios factores dietéticos y no dietéticos y predisposiciones genéticas pueden jugar un papel importante en la carcinogénesis gástrica. Los hallazgos sobre las asociaciones entre los micronutrientes y el cáncer gástrico (CG) aún son inconsistentes. Métodos: este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el efecto de los micronutrientes sobre el riesgo de cáncer gástrico. Métodos: Un estudio de casos y controles comprendió 173 pacientes con GC (107 hombres: 66 mujeres) y 313 (190 hombres: 123 mujeres) controles basados en la población emparejados por edad, ocupación y estado civil. La información demográfica, el historial médico, la actividad física y la ingesta de nutrientes se recopilaron mediante cuestionarios confiables basados en entrevistas. La información sobre la ingesta de micronutrientes en la dieta se recopiló de los participantes mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos (FFQ) validado. Se utilizó la regresión logística multinomial para calcular las razones de probabilidad (OR) y sus correspondientes intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95 % y evaluar las asociaciones entre los micronutrientes de la dieta y el riesgo de GC. Resultados: la GC se asoció inversamente con el consumo de vitamina A, betacaroteno, vitaminas D, E, K, B2, B3, B6, B12 y C, folatos, cromo, yodo y selenio. Adicionalmente, se observó un efecto protector para el consumo de calcio, cobre, hierro, magnesio, fosfato, sodio y zinc. En casi todos los micronutrientes, el tercer tercil mostró una reducción más pronunciada del riesgo de CG en comparación con el primer tercil en hombres. Por el contrario, el segundo tercil exhibió un nivel de protección significativamente marcado en comparación con el primer tercil en mujeres. Conclusiones: nuestros datos respaldan los efectos favorables del consumo dietético de algunas vitaminas y minerales para el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer gástrico.

Associations of the MIND Diet with Cardiometabolic Diseases and Their Risk Factors: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Recent studies have expanded the scope of research on the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet beyond its impact on cognitive performance. These investigations have specifically explored its potential to provide protection against cardiometabolic diseases and associated risk factors, including obesity and dyslipidemia. Methods: We systematically summarized and evaluated all existing observational and trial evidence for the MIND diet in relation to cardiometabolic diseases and their risk factors in adults. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to extract original studies on humans published until September 2023, without date restrictions. A total of 491 studies were initially retrieved, out of which 23 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final review. Duplicated and irrelevant studies were screened out by five independent reviewers using the Rayyan platform. Quality assessment was ascertained using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2) for randomized trials. Results: Across the different study designs, the MIND diet was generally associated with an improvement in anthropometric measures and other cardiometabolic outcomes, such as blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profile, inflammation and stroke. The effects of the MIND eating pattern on some cardiovascular diseases are less conclusive. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review support the recommendation of the MIND diet as a strategy to reduce cardiometabolic risk in adults. Further well-designed and long-term studies are warranted.

Machine learning techniques for the identification of risk factors associated with food insecurity among adults in Arab countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: A direct consequence of global warming, and strongly correlated with poor physical and mental health, food insecurity is a rising global concern associated with low dietary intake. The Coronavirus pandemic has further aggravated food insecurity among vulnerable communities, and thus has sparked the global conversation of equal food access, food distribution, and improvement of food support programs. This research was designed to identify the key features associated with food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic using Machine learning techniques. Seven machine learning algorithms were used in the model, which used a dataset of 32 features. The model was designed to predict food insecurity across ten Arab countries in the Gulf and Mediterranean regions. A total of 13,443 participants were extracted from the international Corona Cooking Survey conducted by 38 different countries during the COVID -19 pandemic. RESULTS: The findings indicate that Jordanian, Palestinian, Lebanese, and Saudi Arabian respondents reported the highest rates of food insecurity in the region (15.4%, 13.7%, 13.7% and 11.3% respectively). On the other hand, Oman and Bahrain reported the lowest rates (5.4% and 5.5% respectively). Our model obtained accuracy levels of 70%-82% in all algorithms. Gradient Boosting and Random Forest techniques had the highest performance levels in predicting food insecurity (82% and 80% respectively). Place of residence, age, financial instability, difficulties in accessing food, and depression were found to be the most relevant features associated with food insecurity. CONCLUSIONS: The ML algorithms seem to be an effective method in early detection and prediction of food insecurity and can profoundly aid policymaking. The integration of ML approaches in public health strategies could potentially improve the development of targeted and effective interventions to combat food insecurity in these regions and globally.

Dietary Factors Associated with Glycemic Control in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic ß-cells, leading to insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. It is a common chronic disease in childhood, with a prevalence of 1 in 300 children in the United States and an increasing incidence of 2-5% annually, worldwide. Managing T1DM requires regular insulin administration, adjustment of food intake and exercise, and a comprehensive understanding of nutrition. This review aims to explore the relationship between dietary factors, physical activity, obesity, genetics, and glycemic control in children and adolescents with T1DM. To conduct this review, we conducted a thorough search of publications from December 2004 through April 2022 using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Embase databases. Key topics included obesity, children, adolescents, nutrients, carbohydrates, proteins, fat, water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins, dietary patterns, fruits and vegetables, physical activity, genetics, food habits, carbohydrate count and environmental factors.

Meat and dairy products intake is associated with gastric cancer: Case-control study findings.

Countries experiencing a significant shift toward Western lifestyle are facing an increased risk of gastric cancer (GC). While many studies have explored the link between diet and GC, the role of meat and dairy consumption remains uncertain. To delve deeper into this association, we conducted a case-control study in Jordan involving 173 GC cases and 314 controls, matched by age and marital status. Using a validated food frequency questionnaire, we assessed the intake of different dairy and meat products. The adjusted odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals indicated a strong correlation between high intake of red meat, milk, and buttermilk and GC. Our multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that daily consumption of red meat (≥1 serving/day; OR, 3.34 [95% CI 1.85-6.03, p value of trend <.001], ≥1 serving/day) and weekly intake of milk (2-3 servings/week; OR, 2.04 [95% CI 1.14-3.64, p value of trend = .041]) and buttermilk (2-3 servings/week; OR, 2.07 [95% CI 1.12-3.83, p value of trend = .018], per 2-3 servings/week) were significantly associated with an increased risk of GC. Furthermore, consuming cooked eggs daily (OR = 2.44, 95% CI 1.24-4.79, p trend <.001) or weekly (OR, 3.34, 95% CI 1.58-7.10, p value of trend <.001) was also associated with an increased risk of GC. These findings highlight the potential health risks associated with excessive meat and some dairy products consumption and suggest that a balanced intake of these products, along with eggs, may help prevent GC.

Does probiotic supplementation improve quality of life in mild-to-moderately active ulcerative colitis patients in Jordan? A secondary outcome of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

PURPOSE: Recent findings revealed a potential effect of a probiotic in improving quality of life (QoL) in ulcerative colitis (UC). In Jordan, there is scarce data about UC patients and QoL. METHODS: Twenty-four UC patients were included in the study and were randomly allocated into probiotic (3 × 1010 probiotic capsules containing nine Lactobacillus and five Bifidobacterium species) and placebo control groups (containing polysaccharide supplied in an identical bottle) 3 times daily/6 weeks. A short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (SIBDQ) was used to assess the change in the quality of life in both groups at the beginning and the end of the intervention; The study was completed during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Patients treated with probiotics showed a higher score of social (6.92 ± 0.29, p = 0.019), bowel (6.31 ± 0.46, p = 0.001), emotional (6.47 ± 0.46, p < 0.001), and total SIBDQ scores (6.54 ± 0.29, p < 0.001) compared to the placebo group (5.75 ± 1.57, 4.72 ± 1.34, 4.42 ± 1.67 and 4.96 ± 1.27; respectively). Also, the probiotic group had significantly better scores in the systemic, social, bowel, emotional, and total SIBDQ scores in terms of pre- to post-treatment (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of probiotic therapy containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species had significantly improved the quality of life among UC patients, this was shown by the improvement in the scores of the systemic domain, social domain, bowel domain, emotional domain, and total SIBDQ. This study is part of a registered study at ClinicalTrials.gov with the number NCT04223479.

Perspectives and practices of dietitians with regards to social/mass media use during the transitions from face-to-face to telenutrition in the time of COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey in 10 Arab countries.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, most healthcare professionals switched from face-to-face clinical encounters to telehealth. This study sought to investigate the dietitians' perceptions and practices toward the use of social/mass media platforms amid the transition from face-to-face to telenutrition in the time of COVID-19. This cross-sectional study involving a convenient sample of 2,542 dietitians (mean age = 31.7 ± 9.5; females: 88.2%) was launched in 10 Arab countries between November 2020 and January 2021. Data were collected using an online self-administrated questionnaire. Study findings showed that dietitians' reliance on telenutrition increased by 11% during the pandemic, p = 0.001. Furthermore, 63.0% of them reported adopting telenutrition to cover consultation activities. Instagram was the platform that was most frequently used by 51.7% of dietitians. Dietitians shouldered new difficulties in dispelling nutrition myths during the pandemic (58.2% reported doing so vs. 51.4% pre-pandemic, p < 0.001). Compared to the pre-pandemic period, more dietitians perceived the importance of adopting tele nutrition's clinical and non-clinical services (86.9% vs. 68.0%, p = 0.001), with 76.6% being confident in this practice. In addition, 90.0% of the participants received no support from their work facilities for social media usage. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, the majority of dietitians (80.0%) observed a rise in public interest in nutrition-related topics, particularly those pertaining to healthy eating habits (p = 0.001), healthy recipes (p = 0.001), nutrition and immunity (p = 0.001), and medical nutrition therapies (p = 0.012). Time constraint was the most prevalent barrier to offering telenutrition for nutrition care (32.1%), whereas leveraging a quick and easy information exchange was the most rewarding benefit for 69.3% of the dietitians. In conclusion, to ensure a consistent provision of nutrition care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic, dietitians working in Arab countries adopted alternative telenutrition approaches through social/mass media.

Does the Mediterranean Diet Have Any Effect on Lipid Profile, Central Obesity and Liver Enzymes in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Subjects? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials.

The effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet (MD) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) subjects has been evaluated in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the overall effects of MD intervention in a cohort of NAFLD patients targeting specific markers such as central obesity, lipid profile, liver enzymes and fibrosis, and intrahepatic fat (IHF). Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were explored to collect relevant studies from the last 10 years. RCTs with NAFLD subjects were included in this systematic review with a mean intervention duration from 6 weeks to 1 year, and different intervention strategies, mainly including energy restriction MD (normal or low glycaemic index), low-fat MD with increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and increased exercise expenditure. The outcomes measured in this meta-analysis were gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), waist circumference (WC), and liver fibrosis. Ten randomized controlled trials, which involved a total of 737 adults with NAFLD, were included. According to the results, the MD seems to decrease the liver stiffness (kPa) by -0.42 (CI95% -0.92, 0.09) (p = 0.10) and significantly reduce the TC by -0.46 mg/dl (CI95% -0.55, -0.38) (p = 0.001), while no significant findings were documented for liver enzymes and WC among patients with NAFLD. In conclusion, the MD might reduce indirect and direct outcomes linked with NAFLD severity, such as TC, liver fibrosis, and WC, although it is important to consider the variations across trials. Further RCTs are necessary to corroborate the findings obtained and provide further evidence on the role of the MD in the modulation of other disorders related to NAFLD.

Status and correlates of food and nutrition literacy among parents-adolescents' dyads: findings from 10 Arab countries.

Background: Food literacy is capturing the attention worldwide and gaining traction in the Arab countries. Strengthening food and nutrition literacy among Arab teenagers are important promising empowering tools which can protect them from malnutrition. This study aims to assess the nutrition literacy status of adolescents with the food literacy of their parents in 10 Arab countries. Methods: This cross-sectional study involving a convenient sample of 5,401 adolescent-parent dyads (adolescents: mean age ± SD: 15.9 ± 3.0, females: 46.8%; parents: mean age ± SD: 45.0 ± 9.1, mothers: 67.8%) was launched between 29 April and 6 June 2022 in 10 Arab nations. The Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS) and the Short Food Literacy Questionnaire (SFLQ) were used to meet the study aims. Results: More than one-quarter (28%) of adolescents had poor nutrition literacy, with 60% of their parents being food illiterate. The top three countries with nutritionally" less literate" adolescents were Qatar (44%), Lebanon (37.4%), and Saudi Arabia (34.9%). Adolescents' age, gender, education level, primary caregivers, employment status, and the inclusion of nutrition education in the schools' curriculum predicted the nutrition literacy levels of Arab adolescents. Besides, parental weight status, health status, parent's food literacy level, and the number of children per household were significant determinants too. Adolescents studying at a university and having parents with adequate food literacy had the highest odds of being nutritionally literate (OR = 4.5, CI = 1.8-11.5, p = 0.001, OR = 1.8, CI = 1.6-2.1, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Nutrition literacy inadequacy among Arab adolescents is a prioritized challenge to be tackled.

The Role of Copper Intake in the Development and Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide public health issue with numerous complications. Several risk factors are associated with diabetes, mainly due to patients following an unhealthy lifestyle. Copper is a crucial trace element, with various physiological actions. Different intake levels of copper might contribute to diabetes development due to its dual action as both an anti- and pro-oxidant. Aim: Due to the inconclusive findings regarding the relationship between copper consumption and the management of diabetes, we decided to conduct this extensive systematic review. Up to this date, no similar study has been available in the literature. In this review, we used the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant articles were identified by searching the electronic databases CINAHL, EMBASE and Medline from their respective index dates to September 2022 using keywords such as "Copper Intake" and "Type 2 Diabetes". Any paper that has investigated copper exposure through supplementation or any other method that indicates copper intake in human subjects with type 2 diabetes and measures at least one of the outcomes of interest related to diabetes was included in this review. This review is comprised of 4 cross-sectional studies, 3 cohort studies, 2 RCTs, and 2 interventional studies. Two cohort studies found positive associations between copper intake and the risk of developing T2DM, while no significant association was found in the third study. Regarding diabetes outcomes in the four cross-sectional studies, two found inverse associations, one found a positive relationship, and one found no significant association. In interventional studies, all studies found a protective effect of copper, including the RCT, while one found no significant association. The results are inconsistent concerning the association between copper consumption and the likelihood of developing diabetes are inconsistent. Individuals should receive an adequate dietary amount of copper that is within the RDA levels (900 µg/day) to avoid copper deficiency or toxicity. Further studies, especially RCTs, are strongly needed to enable researchers to elucidate more robust conclusions regarding this association.

What Dietary Patterns and Nutrients are Associated with Pancreatic Cancer? Literature Review.

This narrative review summarizes the main findings of observational studies (case-control and cohort) as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the role of nutrients and dietary patterns on pancreatic cancer (PC) risk and elucidates possible mechanisms for the association between nutrients or specific food components and the risk of PC. A literature search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus was performed. An extensive search of related articles published in the English language from 1985 to 2022 was carried out. Our search included macro- and micronutrient intake as well as dietary patterns associated with PC. In conclusion, the consumption of a diet high in nutrients such as sugar, fats, and red and processed meats can increase the risk of PC. Conversely, a high dietary intake of fresh fruit and vegetables and their associated nutrients like fiber, antioxidants, and polyphenols may prevent PC. Dietary patterns loaded with red and processed meats were also linked to an increased risk of PC, whereas dietary patterns rich in plant-based foods like vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes were associated with a reduced risk of PC. Dietary fiber, fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals might also play a protective role against PC.

Effects of different diets on glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes: A literature review.

Background: Globally, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common diseases, and the incidence is gradually increasing. Diet management could improve the elevated HbA1c levels. Aim: This review aims to examine the effects of different types of diets on glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Methods: PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched. Reports published from the years 1991 to 2021 that focused on the effect of different diets on diabetes control were selected. Results: All the studies reported that the type of diet can affect insulin secretion and glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The recommended macronutrient distribution for patients with diabetes is 30% of fat, 45-60% of carbohydrates, and 15-35% of protein. Consuming more or less of these macronutrients may lead to changes in glucose metabolism and may affect insulin secretion. In fact, following alow-fat diet improves glycemic control and decreases HbA1c levels. Studies reported that a low-carbohydrate diet had the greatest effect on improving glycemic control and insulin parameters. A low-calorie diet reduced fasting plasma glucose, while a very low-calorie diet resulted in a long-term decrease in HbA1c level. A healthy diet free of processed foods and sugar, and rich in nutrients such as fiber, vitamins, and minerals contributed to maintaining controlled blood sugar and lipid plasma levels. Although studies show a low-salt diet improves blood pressure, which is common inT2DM, other findings show that restricting salt intake is associated with increased sugar consumption. Conclusion: Healthy diet with adequate intake of energy and low-fat and low-sugar foods can enhance the glycemic control and reduce T2DM complications.

Dietary Management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with Celiac Disease.

Celiac disease is diagnosed more commonly with type 1 diabetes, and the most problematic aspect for a child with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease is that most GFD foods have a high glycemic index, while low glycemic index foods are recommended for type 1 diabetes mellitus. As a result, dietary controls become more difficult. Diet management could improve the elevated HbA1c levels. The aim of this review is to illustrate the clinical features and diagnostic considerations, as well as current knowledge of common pathogenic features such as genetics, environmental risk factors, and the gut microbiome of type 1 diabtes and celiac disease. Also, the importance of diet management on glycemic control and growth rate in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and celiac disease has been discussed. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched. Reports published from the years 1969 to 2021 focused on the role of type 1 diabetes mellitus and celiac disease, and examined the types of diet on glycemic control, growth rate, and quality of life. Only a few studies on the effects of a carbohydrate count gluten-free diet on glycemic control, growth rate, and quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and celiac disease have been conducted. There have been few studies showing that dietary intervention helps to achieve and maintain normal blood glucose and blood pressure levels, a healthy lipid profile, and a healthy body weight. Studies stated that a low-carbohydrate diet had the greatest effect on improving glycemic control and insulin parameters.

Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM.

Nutrition plays a critical role in managing diabetes, particularly in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to investigate the dietary patterns associated with glycemic control among Jordanian children and adolescents with T1DM. A total of 107 Jordanian children and adolescents with T1DM were enrolled (53 males and 54 females) in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using three valid and reliable questionnaires. The study revealed that only 25.7% of the participants had good glycemic control, while almost 51% had poor glycemic control. Overall, three dietary patterns were identified in this study: "High-Vegetables," "Unhealthy," and "High-Fruits." The "High-Vegetables" dietary pattern showed a protective association in controlling glycated hemoglobin at the second and third tertiles (odds ratio, CI: 0.07 (0.005-0.826); 0.06 (0.005-0.741), respectively). The "High-Vegetables" dietary pattern showed a protective effect against poor glycemic control. Although the association between the "Unhealthy" and "High-Fruits" dietary patterns and poor glycemic control did not reach significance at the tertiles level, it is noteworthy that a significant P-trend of 0.018 and 0.012, respectively, was observed for both patterns. We encourage children and adolescents to incorporate an assortment of whole, unprocessed vegetables into their diet in appropriate amounts to help manage their glycemic control.

Dietary patterns associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer: Case-control study findings.

Diet is an important modifiable lifestyle factor, but epidemiological studies evaluating the association between dietary patterns and pancreatic cancer (PC) have reported inconsistent findings. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of several dietary choices on the risk of PC among newly diagnosed Jordanian patients. A case-control study was conducted at major teaching and general hospitals, including a Jordanian oncology center. The study included 101 patients with incident pancreatic cancer and 314 controls. Data was collected using interview-based questionnaires. Dietary intake was estimated using a validated Arabic and reproducible food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived using Principal Component Analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association between dietary patterns and PC. Four dietary patterns were identified. The "Traditional" dietary pattern, which presented a diet rich in fresh fruits, vegetables, milk, yogurt, and lentils, was associated with a significant decrease in the odds of PC (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.21-0.84) for the third quartile compared to first one. The "High-fruit" dietary pattern, which was loaded with strawberry, melon, watermelon, and other fruits, significantly reduced the odds of PC (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.19-0.75) for the second quartile compared to the first one. The "Soup" dietary pattern was mainly composed of vermicelli soup, vegetable soup, lentil soup, and mushroom soup, which decreased the odds of PC (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.07-0.38). There was no relation between PC and the "Western" dietary pattern, loaded with beer, wine, roasted lamb, meat, chicken sandwich, beefsteak, and fried fish. The "Traditional," "High-fruit," and "Soup" dietary patterns were associated with reduced risk of PC among Jordanians.