Tocoyena sellowiana extract decreases bone loss in an experimental model of periodontitis in rats: Putative role for cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-1? inhibition.

Tocoyena sellowiana (Cham. & Schltdl.) K.Schum is one of the most important families of Brazilian medicinal plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Tocoyena sellowiana (Cham. & Schltdl.) K.Schum ethanolic extract in a pre-clinical trial of periodontitis and to investigate possible mechanisms underlying such effects. Periodontitis was induced in Wistar rats by placing a nylon thread ligature around second upper left molars for 11 days. Rats received (per os) Tocoyena sellowiana (0.1, 1 or 10?mg?kg) or vehicle 1?h before ligature and daily until day 11. Macroscopic, histopathological, and COX-2 immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the periodontium. The gingival tissue was used to quantify the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and interleukin (IL)-1? levels by ELISA. Blood samples were collected to evaluate bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), the dosage of creatinine, aspartate and alanine transaminases. The liver, kidneys, spleen, and body mass variations were also evaluated. Tocoyena sellowiana decreased bone loss, reduced MPO, IL-1? levels as well as COX-2 immunostaining, and increased BALP activity. Moreover, Tocoyena sellowiana did not alter organs nor body weight. Tocoyena sellowiana reduced bone loss in rats and its efficacy was at least partially dependent upon both IL-1? and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition.

Conduta clínica frente à fratura de instrumentos endodônticos: relato de dois casos clínicos / Clinical management of endodontic instrument fracture: report of two clinical cases

Introdução: a fratura de um instrumento endodôntico constitui sério risco à continuidade do tratamento. A utilização abusiva e repetitiva dos instrumentos, a fadiga do metal, a falta de conhecimento das suas características físicas, o desrespeito à cinemática, a não observação de deformações, a pressão ou torção exagerada durante o preparo do canal radicular e a pouca habilidade do profissional contribuem para a fratura dos instrumentos endodônticos. Diante desse problema, as opções são a remoção dos instrumentos via canal, cirurgia periapical ou mantê-lo no interior dos canais. Objetivos: no presente trabalho, serão apresentados dois casos clínicos nos quais ocorreu o mesmo acidente: fratura de espiral Lentulo. Todavia, devido às particularidades de cada caso, optou-se por condutas clínicas diferentes. Relato de caso: no primeiro caso, em função da dificuldade de remoção e particularidades anatômicas, optou-se pela obturação com o fragmento no canal; no segundo caso, realizou-se a remoção do instrumento que obstruía o forame apical, empregando uma técnica simples e acessível, utilizando uma agulha hipodérmica associada a um instrumento manual. Conclusão: em função do exposto, é imperativo que o profissional, além de deter habilidade e experiência para conduzir os casos, tenha conhecimento sobre as características dos instrumentos por ele empregados, pois a cuidadosa aplicação dos princípios de uso irá minimizar a ocorrência de acidentes e complicações.

[Evaluation of the accessibility to the Specialized Dental Care Center within the scope of the macro region of Sobral, in the state of Ceará, Brazil]. / Avaliação da acessibilidade ao Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas de abrangência macrorregional de Sobral, Ceará, Brasil.

The Specialized Dental Care Center for the region of Sobral in the state of Ceará (CEO-R) has characteristics that render it unique, as it has regional coverage and is managed by a Local Health Consortium (which comprises 24 cities). It also works in conjunction with the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Ceará - Sobral Campus, combining care and academic study in the same location. The scope of this article was to evaluate the accessibility to specialized care in this region with the implementation of this CEO-R. A descriptive-exploratory study with a quantitative approach was conducted by means of the collection and analysis of secondary data regarding the availability and usage of this service in addition to the application of semi-structured interviews with Oral Health Coordinators of the 24 municipalities in the consortium. The results showed that the CEO-R is equipped to meet the demand. However, geographic, financial and organizational barriers were detected, which explains the low rates of appointments scheduled and use of the services and the high rate of missed appointments, causing a significant financial impact on the cities included in the consortium.

Avaliação da acessibilidade ao Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas de abrangência macrorregional de Sobral, Ceará, Brasil / Evaluation of the accessibility to the Specialized Dental Care Center within the scope of the macro region of Sobral, in the state of Ceará, Brazil

O Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas Regional de Sobral (CEO-R), no Ceará, possui características que o tornam único: tem abrangência regional, é administrado por um Consórcio intermunicipal de Saúde (totalizando 24 municípios) e funciona juntamente com o Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará - Campus Sobral, congregando no mesmo espaço serviço e academia. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a acessibilidade à atenção especializada nesta região após a implantação do CEO-R Sobral. Foi realizado um estudo exploratoìrio-descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, por meio da coleta e análise de dados secundários de oferta e utilização desse serviço, além da aplicação de entrevista semiestruturada aos Coordenadores de Saúde Bucal dos 24 municiìpios consorciados. Os resultados evidenciaram que o CEO-R está preparado para atender à demanda. Contudo, foram encontradas barreiras geográficas, financeiras e organizacionais que explicam as baixas taxas de aproveitamento de marcação de consultas e de utilização do serviço e a alta taxa de faltosos, causando um importante impacto financeiro para os municípios consorciados.

The Specialized Dental Care Center for the region of Sobral in the state of Ceará (CEO-R) has characteristics that render it unique, as it has regional coverage and is managed by a Local Health Consortium (which comprises 24 cities). It also works in conjunction with the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Ceará - Sobral Campus, combining care and academic study in the same location. The scope of this article was to evaluate the accessibility to specialized care in this region with the implementation of this CEO-R. A descriptive-exploratory study with a quantitative approach was conducted by means of the collection and analysis of secondary data regarding the availability and usage of this service in addition to the application of semi-structured interviews with Oral Health Coordinators of the 24 municipalities in the consortium. The results showed that the CEO-R is equipped to meet the demand. However, geographic, financial and organizational barriers were detected, which explains the low rates of appointments scheduled and use of the services and the high rate of missed appointments, causing a significant financial impact on the cities included in the consortium.