Nutritional status, diet quality and inflammatory markers in adolescents

To evaluate diet quality and relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI), diet quality and inflammatory markers in adolescents of public schools in São Luís-MA. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 384 adolescents aged 17 and 18 years. The nutritional status was evaluated through the BMI. The quality of the diet was evaluated through the Revised Diet Quality Index (IQD-R). The inflammatory markers used were C-Reactive Ultrasensitive Protein (hs-CRP), IL-6 (Interleukin-6) and TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor α). Multivariate analysis was performed using a decision tree using the CART (Classification and Regression Trees) algorithm to evaluate the relationship between BMI, diet quality and inflammatory markers. Results: The mean age was 17.3±0.5 years, predominance of females (56.5%) and eutrophic (69.3%). The mean IQD-R score was 55.3±12.7. Adolescents in the lowest tertile of IQD-R (T1) had a higher mean BMI (22.1±4.3 kg/m2 vs 21.5 ± 3.7kg/m2). Higher levels of IL-6 were observed in those located on the IQD-R T1 (1,345 mg/L vs 1,205 mg/L). In the same group (T1), adolescents who had higher IL-6 levels also had a higher mean BMI (23.6±5.1kg/m2 vs 20.8±3.0kg/m2). The adolescents in the largest tertiles of IQD-R (T2 and T3) and who had higher concentrations of IL-6 and CR-us had also a higher mean BMI (23.8±4.9kg/m2). Conclusions: The diet quality of adolescents studied needs modifications. BMI averages varied with diet quality and levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP(AU)

Avaliar a qualidade da dieta e a relação entre Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), qualidade da dieta e marcadores inflamatórios em adolescentes de escolas públicas de São Luís-MA. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 384 adolescentes de 17 e 18 anos. O estado nutricional foi avaliado por meio do IMC. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada por meio do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado (IQD-R). Os marcadores inflamatórios utilizados foram Proteína C Reativa Ultrassensível (PCR-us), IL-6 (Interleucina-6) e TNF-α (Fator de Necrose Tumoral α). A análise multivariada foi realizada usando uma árvore de decisão usando o algoritmo CART (Classification and Regression Trees) para avaliar a relação entre IMC, qualidade da dieta e marcadores inflamatórios. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 17,3 ± 0,5 anos, predomínio do sexo feminino (56,5%) e eutrófico (69,3%). A pontuação média do IQD-R foi de 55,3 ± 12,7. Os adolescentes no tercil inferior do IQD-R (T1) tiveram uma média de IMC mais alta (22,1 ± 4,3kg/m2 vs 21,5 ± 3,7kg/m2). Níveis mais elevados de IL-6 foram observados naqueles localizados no IQD-R T1 (1.345 mg/L vs 1.205 mg/L). No mesmo grupo (T1), os adolescentes que apresentaram níveis mais elevados de IL-6 também apresentaram média de IMC mais elevada (23,6 ± 5,1kg/m2 vs 20,8 ± 3,0kg/m2). Os adolescentes nos maiores tercis de IQD-R (T2 e T3) e que apresentaram maiores concentrações de IL-6 e CR-us também apresentaram maior IMC médio (23,8 ± 4,9kg/m2). Conclusões: A qualidade da dieta dos adolescentes estudados necessita de modificações. As médias do IMC variaram com a qualidade da dieta e os níveis de IL-6 e PCR-us(AU)

Correlation Between Parathyroid Hormone Levels with Urinary Magnesium Excretion in Patients with Non-Dialysis Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease.

BACKGROUND: Disorders of mineral metabolism occur in most patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this work was to correlate parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels with urinary magnesium excretion in patients with non-dialysis dependent CKD. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Concentrations of creatinine, magnesium, calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined in blood samples. The assessment of urinary magnesium levels was performed by means of total daily excretion and by the excretion fraction (FEMg). RESULTS: The study evaluated 163 patients with a mean age of 60.7 ± 11.7 years and 51.0% were male. In the highest quartile of PTH (>89.5pg/mL), the mean levels of FEMg and ALP were higher (p<0.05). In the unadjusted regression analysis, the following variables were related to serum PTH levels: FEMg (odds ratio (OR) = 1.12; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.02-1.23), calcium (OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.22-0.90), ALP (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.03) and eGFR (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 1.00-1.03). After an adjusted analysis, only one FEMg and ALP will remain correlated with PTH. CONCLUSION: In patients with non-dialysis dependent CKD, FEMg and ALP were some variables that remained associated with PTH.

Usefulness of visceral adipose tissue estimation in the prevention of chronic kidney disease in hypertensive patients in primary health care.

BACKGROUND: studies have shown an association between obesity and a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, little is known regarding whether this association is related to total fat or, more specifically, to central or visceral fat. OBJECTIVE: this study evaluated the correlations among the nutritional indices that measure total, central and visceral obesity with eGFR. METHODS: a cross-sectional study, involving 288 hypertensive patients. Kidney function was estimated by GFR, using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations. Explanatory variables included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist stature ratio (WSR), estimated visceral adipose tissue (eVAT) and body fat percentage (BF%). RESULTS: the mean BMI was 27.8 ± 4.7 kg/m². Most of the patients (68.1%) were in the normal range of BF%, but regarding WC and eVAT, they were at very high risk (58.3% and 64.6%, respectively). In men, there were no correlations between nutritional indices and eGFR. In women, only eVAT remained negatively correlated with eGFR, estimated by MDRD and CKD-EPI equations, independent of BMI, smoking, physical inactivity, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, LDL and HDL cholesterol, uric acid and microalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS: the majority of obesity indices were not associated with eGFR. Only eVAT was negatively associated with eGFR by MDRD and CKDEPI equations in hypertensive women. In primary health care, visceral adipose tissue estimation could support the identification of hypertensive women at increased risk for developing chronic kidney disease.