An efficient biosorbent material for green remediation of contaminated water medium.

The discharge of large amounts of wastewater carrying various contaminants from many anthropogenic activities into the receiving water environment is a multidimensional issue negatively affecting the ecological system and natural balance in many ways. The removal of pollutants by the biologically-originated materials is an emerging area of interest due to profoundly their environmental friendliness, renewability, sustainability, readily availability, biodegradability, multiplicity, low (or no) economic cost, high affinity, capacity, and stability. In the present study, a popular ornamental plant, Pyracantha coccinea M. J. Roemer, was converted into a green sorbent material with the goal to effectively remove a widespread contaminant (synthetic dye, C. I. Basic Red 46) from synthetic wastewater. The physicochemical characteristics of the prepared biosorbent were determined by the instrumental analyses of FTIR and SEM. The batch experiments of various operational influence parameters were conducted to maximize the system efficiency. The wastewater remediation behavior by the material was investigated by the kinetics, thermodynamics, and isotherm experiments. The biosorbent had a non-uniform and rough surface architecture with a diversity of functional groups. The maximum remediation yield was achieved with the contact duration of 360 min, the pollutant load of 30 mg L-1, the pH of 8, and the biosorbent quantity of 10 mg (0.1 g L-1). The kinetics of the contaminant removal showed good agreement with the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamics study indicated that the treatment process was spontaneous and occurred by physisorption. Langmuir model fitted the isotherm data of the biosorption operation well and the maximum pollutant cleanup capacity of the material was determined to be 169.354 mg g-1. These outcomes showed that P. coccinea M. J. Roemer could be used as a promising material for low-cost and green treatment of wastewater.

In the current study, Pyracantha coccinea M. J. Roemer was converted into a novel alternative sorbent material that is low-cost and green with the goal to effectively remove C. I. Basic Red 46, a widespread synthetic dye contaminant, from wastewater. The results indicated that P. coccinea M. J. Roemer could be used as an efficient biosorbent material for the green remediation of contaminated water medium.

A novel biowaste-based biosorbent material for effective purification of methylene blue from water environment.

The biowaste left over from the fixed oil biorefinery process of Nigella sativa L. plant was used as a new biosorbent for the biosorption of synthetic dye of methylene blue from water environment in this study. The main variables of biosorption operation such as methylene blue concentration, time, pH, and biosorbent amount were optimized by the batch-type experiments. The characterization, kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics works were conducted to show the nature of methylene blue biosorption. The studies of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the biosorbent possessed an inhomogeneous surface morphology including many cavities and protuberances, and a rich functional group profile. The optimum values of operating variables studied for the biosorption of methylene blue were determined as methylene blue concentration of 15 mg L-1, time of 360 min, pH of 8, and biosorbent amount of 10 mg. The experimental data of methylene blue biosorption followed the kinetics and isotherm models of pseudo-second-order (R2: 0.98, AdjR2: 0.98, and RMSE: 8.97) and Dubinin-Radushkevich (R2: 0.99, AdjR2: 0.98, and RMSE: 6.84), respectively, based on the statistical tests of coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (AdjR2), and root mean squared error (RMSE). The biosorption of methylene blue was a physical, spontaneous, and energetically favorable process (EDR: 3.48 kJ mol-1 and ΔG°: (-14.51) - (-10.02) kJ mol-1). This residual biological material from the fixed oil biorefinery process exhibited higher biosorption performance (187.46 mg g-1) than own unrefined (virgin) form and its modified, activated, and composite forms and many other sorbents reported in the literature. Hereby, the current work showed that this novel biowaste-based material could be used as an environmentally and economically promising biosorbent to effectively purify methylene blue from aquatic environment.

Nigella sativa L. (black cumin) is a well-known annual medicinal and aromatic plant from the family of Ranunculaceae. Its seed part has a rich profile containing a wide variety of valuable compounds (fixed oil, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, pigments, essential oil, various bioactive substances, etc.), which are widely used in many fields such as cosmetics, food, medicine, and biofuel. After the refinery process to obtain these valuable compounds, a large amount of waste biomass remains. Considering the circular bioeconomy motion, a novel study was conducted on the use of biowaste left over from the fixed oil biorefinery process of N. sativa L. in the field of synthetic dye biosorption in the current work. The synthetic dye of methylene blue was used as a model to test the biosorption behavior of this novel biowaste-based biosorbent material. The main variables of biosorption operation such as synthetic dye concentration, time, pH, and biosorbent amount were optimized by the batch-type experiments. The characterization, kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics studies were performed to show the nature of methylene blue biosorption operation.This residual biological material from the fixed oil biorefinery process exhibited higher biosorption performance than own unrefined (virgin) form and its modified, activated, and composite forms and many other sorbents reported in the literature. Hereby, the current work showed that this novel biowaste-based material could be used as an environmentally and economically promising biosorbent to effectively purify methylene blue from aquatic environment.

A renewable biosorbent material for green decontamination of heavy metal pollution from aquatic medium: a case study on manganese removal.

In this study, a renewable biosorbent material was prepared from biological waste of widespread coastal plant, Zostera marina and employed for the biosorption of heavy metal pollution from water environment in green way. Manganese was selected as a model heavy metal to evaluate the treatment efficiency of prepared biosorbent. The batch biosorption behavior of biosorbent was investigated by the characterization, parameters evaluation, kinetic and equilibrium studies. The characterization study showed that the biosorbent has a rough surface and various binding groups for the heavy metal ions. The heavy metal concentration of 30 mg L-1, time of 60 min, pH of 6 and biosorbent amount of 10 mg were determined as the optimum biosorption conditions. The pseudo-second-order equation was found to be the best among kinetic models applied. The equilibrium data were best explained by Freundlich isotherm. The maximum biosorption efficiency based on Langmuir model was predicted as 58.426 mg g-1. Hence, the current work presents a renewable alternative biosorbent substance for the green treatment of heavy metal pollution from water medium.

An Effectual Biosorbent Substance for Removal of Manganese Ions from Aquatic Environment: A Promising Environmental Remediation Study with Activated Coastal Waste of Zostera marina Plant.

In the present research paper, a biosorptive remediation practice for an aqueous medium sample polluted with manganese ions was implemented using the activated coastal waste of the Zostera marina plant. This is the first report in the literature on the utilization of current modified biological waste as a biosorbent substance for the removal of manganese ions from the water environment. The analyses of biosorbent characterization, environmental condition, kinetic, equilibrium, and comparison were performed to introduce the ability of prepared biosorbent for the removal of manganese from the aquatic medium. The biosorbent matter has a rough surface with numerous cavities and cracks and various functional groups for the biosorption of manganese. The environmental conditions significantly affected the manganese purification process, and the optimum working conditions were determined to be biosorbent quantity of 10 mg, pH of 6, manganese concentration of 30 mg L-1, and time of 60 min. The pseudo-second-order model best explained the kinetic data of biosorption operation. The biosorption equilibrium data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm. According to the Langmuir equilibrium model, the maximum purification potency was estimated to be 120.6 mg g-1. The comparison work revealed that the activated coastal waste of the Z. marina plant could be utilized as an effectual and promising biosorbent substance for the remediation of an aquatic environment contaminated with manganese ions.

A low-cost and eco-friendly biosorbent material for effective synthetic dye removal from aquatic environment: characterization, optimization, kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies.

A novel biosorbent was prepared by the surface modification of Zostera marina L. bioresidues and used for the removal of model synthetic dye, methylene blue from aqueous medium in this study. Taguchi design of experiment (DoE) methodology was employed to investigate the influence of significant operational parameters (reaction time, pH of medium and dye concentration) on the biosorption process and to develop a mathematical model for the estimation of biosorption potential of biosorbent. The percentage contribution of each of these process variables on the dye biosorption was found to be 9.03%, 1.95% and 88.84%, respectively. The dye biosorption capacity under the obtained optimum environmental conditions (reaction time of 120 min, pH of 8 and dye concentration of 15 mg L-1) was estimated to be 140.154 mg g-1 (R2: 99.83). This value was very close to the experimentally obtained dye removal performance value (140.299 mg g-1). These findings indicated the high ability of Taguchi DoE technique in the optimization and simulation of dye biosorption system. The kinetic and equilibrium modeling studies showed that the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models were the best models for the elucidation of dye removal behavior of biosorbent. Besides, the performance of dye decontamination system was evaluated using the pseudo-second-order kinetic parameters. The thermodynamic analyses displayed that the dye biosorption was a feasible, spontaneous and exothermic process. For large scale dye purification applications, a single-stage batch biosorption system was also designed using the mathematical modeling data. All these results revealed that Z. marina L. bioresidues could be used as a promising alternative biosorbent material for the effective and eco-friendly dye biosorption systems.