RESUMO
Radial collateral ligament of the index finger is a rare ligament to rupture. X-ray is generally normal, except for subtle findings of soft tissue swelling and occasionally a small fracture. With continuous advances in imaging, ultrasound and high quality MRI allow clear depiction of small structures including joint capsule and collateral ligaments of even the small joints. This helps in definitive diagnosis and determines the extent of injury, which may affect the treatment options and final outcome. We report a rare case of index finger metacarpo-phalangeal joint radial collateral ligament tear. The subtle X-ray abnormality was chased on ultrasound and the diagnosis was proposed on ultrasound and later confirmed on MRI. We also discuss the imaging findings of this rare entity.
Assuntos
Ligamentos Colaterais/lesões , Traumatismos dos Dedos/diagnóstico , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Current efforts to direct differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) into a particular cell lineage usually lead to a heterogeneous cell population with only a fraction of the desired cell type present. We show the generation of an essentially pure population of human cardiomyocytes from hESC using lineage selection. METHODS: A construct comprising the murine alpha-myosin heavy chain (alpha-MHC) promoter driving the neomycin-resistance gene was introduced into hES3 cells to generate stable transgenic lines. Transgenic hESC lines were differentiated into cardiomyocytes and subjected to G418 selection. Both G418-selected and non-selected cardiomyocytes were characterized by immunocytochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. The teratoma-forming potential of differentiated cells was assessed by injection of about 2 million cells into the hind limb muscle of SCID mice. Results After cardiac differentiation and antibiotic selection in a suspension culture process, more than 99% of the transgenic cells showed immunoreactivity to alpha-MHC and alpha-actinin; this enrichment efficiency was observed for independent transgenic cell lines. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed high levels of enrichment for cardiac-specific messages in the selected population. Importantly, injection of selected cells into six SCID mice resulted in no apparent teratoma formation, in contrast to differentiated but non-selected controls. DISCUSSION: Our results represent a significant step toward scalable production of pure human cardiomyocytes from stable, expandable hESC lines that will facilitate the development of cell therapies, safety pharmacology and drug discovery.
Assuntos
Linhagem da Célula , Células-Tronco Embrionárias , Miócitos Cardíacos , Animais , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem Celular , Eletrofisiologia , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/citologia , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/fisiologia , Membro Posterior/patologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos SCID , Camundongos Transgênicos , Miócitos Cardíacos/citologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/fisiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco , TeratomaRESUMO
The processes mediating genomic instability and clonal evolution are obscure in multiple myeloma (MM). Acquisition of new chromosomal translocations into the switch region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene (chromosome 14q32) in MM, often heralds transformation to more aggressive disease. Since the combined effects of CD40 plus interleukin-4 (IL-4) mediate IgH isotype class switch recombination (CSR), and this process involves DNA double strand break repair (DSBR), we hypothesized that CD40 and/or IL-4 activation of MM cells could induce abnormal DNA DSBR and lead to genomic instability and clonal evolution. In this study, we show that MM cell lines that are optimally triggered via CD40 and/or IL-4 demonstrate abnormal decoupling of IL-4 signal transduction from CD40. Specifically, CD40 alone was sufficient to trigger maximal growth of tumor cells. We further demonstrate that CD40 triggering induced both DNA DSBs as well as newly acquired karyotypic abnormalities in MM cell lines. Importantly, these observations were accompanied by induction of activation induced cytidine deaminase expression, but not gross apoptosis. These data support the role of abnormal CD40 signal transduction in mediating genomic instability, suggesting a role for the CD40 pathway and intermediates in myelomagenesis and clonal evolution in vivo.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD40/imunologia , Ligante de CD40/farmacologia , Instabilidade Genômica , Cadeias Pesadas de Imunoglobulinas/imunologia , Interleucina-4/imunologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Citidina Desaminase/biossíntese , Citidina Desaminase/efeitos dos fármacos , DNA/biossíntese , DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Cadeias Pesadas de Imunoglobulinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Cadeias Pesadas de Imunoglobulinas/genética , Interleucina-4/farmacologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
An acid phosphatase, free of deoxyribonuclease activity, was isolated from Manihot glaziovii leaves. It had a Mr of 78 kDa and was optimally active at pH 4.3 and 52 degrees C. It was inactivated at 65 degrees C over 15 min. It had a broad substrate specificity with strongest activity towards p-nitrophenyl phosphate. The enzyme dephosphorylated linearized pUC18 DNA and preventing self-ligation under the same conditions used for calf intestine alkaline phosphatase.