Fusiform Cervical Mass in a 6-Year Old Boy; Do not Forget the Thymic Cyst.

Cervical thymic cyst is a rare clinical entity, with approximately one hundred cases reported in the literature so far. The purpose of this case report is to highlight some certain features, along with an extensive research of the relevant literature. A 6-year-old boy was admitted to the Otorhinolaryngology Department due to the presence of a left-sided, painless, latero-cervical swelling, first observed by his parents 2 weeks ago. Physical examination revealed a painless, well-delineated mass, with no signs of inflammation. No enlarged cervical nodes were present. The mass extended from the mandibular angle, under the sternocleidomastoid muscle, in proximity with the ipsilateral neurovascular bundle. Ultrasound transverse gray-scale panoramic view detected a wellcircumscribed lesion, with fine echogenic foci, appearing in close proximity with the upper pole of the left thyroid lobe and the ipsilateral common carotid artery. Elective surgical intervention with complete mass excision was performed. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a cervical thymic cyst. Cervical thymic remnants represent a group of neck masses that pediatricians and pediatric surgeons should consider in differential diagnosis of both cystic and solid neck masses. Most cystic cervical thymic masses are found in the lower third of the anterior neck, extending deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, featuring close anatomic relationship with the composites of the ipsilateral carotid sheath. Elective surgery is kept as the treatment of choice, after ruling out the possibility of subject immunologic disturbance.

Metastatic Melanoma to the Urinary Bladder of Ocular Origin Accompanied with Primary Cutaneous Melanoma: Diagnostic Challenge-A Report of a Case.

Metastases of melanoma to the urinary bladder are infrequent. Even rarer are metastases to the urinary bladder from uveal melanoma, with only 3 cases published in the literature so far. Herein we present a case of a 77-year-old male patient who presented with metastatic melanoma to the urinary bladder. The patient's history included the diagnoses of uveal melanoma treated with radiation 25 years ago, as well as that of cutaneous melanoma diagnosed 7 years ago. The molecular study of the urinary bladder tumor specimen identified mutation of the GNAQ gene, which has been suggested to be an early molecular event in the pathogenetic course of over 80% of uveal melanomas. Therefore, the diagnosis of uveal melanoma metastatic to the urinary bladder was made.

Epididymal Adenomatoid Tumor: A Very Rare Paratesticular Tumor of Childhood.

Adenomatoid tumor is an uncommon benign mesothelial neoplasm, usually localized in the epididymis. It is the most common paratesticular tumor of middle-aged patients (average age of clinical presentation: 36 years). However, these tumors in pediatric and pubertal patients are extremely rare. Due to their rarity, we present a case of adenomatoid tumor of the tail of the epididymis in a 16-year-old patient. After systematic research of the current literature, we did not find another case report of epididymal adenomatoid tumor in a male patient aged 16 years old or less. This notice and our concern, as well, about the patient's surveillance protocol during the postoperative period were the motive for this case study.

Enterobius Vermicularis-Associated Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in a Child.

BACKGROUND: Enterobius vermicularis is the most highly prevalent intestinal worm in childhood and is generally considered of low pathogenicity. Little is known about the inflammatory complications of the female genital tract induced by E. vermicularis in childhood. CASE: A case of E. vermicularis-associated pelvic inflammatory disease with right salpingitis mimicking acute abdomen due to appendicitis in an 11-year-old girl is presented. CONCLUSION: E. vermicularis-related pelvic inflammatory disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in children. Increased awareness is necessary to avoid an unnecessary surgery and to choose the correct antibiotic treatment.

Dendritic and spinal alterations of the spiny stellate cells of the human visual cortex during normal aging.

The visual cortex undergoes age related changes that have been studied mainly in rats Maccaca Mulata, and human beings. Despite the fact that there is no extensive neuronal loss in aged brains, a lot of important pathological changes are found in the morphology of the neurons. The present study describes the morphological alterations of the spiny stel-late cells of the human primary visual cortex during normal aging, using Golgi method, Golgi-Nissl staining and Nissl staining. Two types of spiny stellate cells have been studied. the first one located at layer 4Cß and the second one located at layer 4Cß. Even if some spiny stel-late cells retain high number of primary dendrites in the aged group there seems to be important spine loss, and extensive dendrite pathology. Age-related changes were more significant in spiny stellate cells of layer 4Cß. Dendritic and spinal alterations described in the present study could explain the decline in visual functions during normal aging.