[Epidemiological situation of yellow fever in Burkina Faso from 2003 to 2008]. / Situation épidémiologique de la fièvre jaune au Burkina Faso de 2003 à 2008.

Despite the existence of antiamaril vaccine in the routine Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) in Burkina Faso, yellow fever cases still occur in the country. In collaboration with WHO, the national health authorities set up a surveillance system through the national reference laboratory in Centre Muraz (Bobo-Dioulasso). All samples of feverish icterus cases of the 63 health districts of the country were analysed in this lab for M Immunoglobulin using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa). Positive Elisa samples were sent to Pasteur Institute of Dakar (Senegal) for confirmation using a Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assay. From 2003 to 2005, the number of confirmed cases of yellow fever was respectively of 1/413 (0.24%), 14/616 (2.27%) and 19/618 (3.07%). This increasing of the proportion was statistical different. Then, from 2006 to 2008, the confirmed case proportion was respectively 0.35%, 0.27 and 0.54% without significant difference (P = 0.69). The entomological investigations conducted in 2004 in Bobo-Dioulasso showed that the water pots constitute 48.11% mosquitoes lodgings, followed by metal drums with a strong representation of Culex quinquefasciatus (48.7%), followed by Aedes aegypti (43.3%), as vectors in domestic areas with sectorial variations. These results suggest that more attention must be paid by the national health authorities and international community regarding this disease.

[W135 meningococcus meningitis: study of 148 cases observed in 2002 and 2003 at the National Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso]. / Méningites à méningocoque du sérogroupe W135: étude de 148 cas observes en 2002 et en 2003 au CHU-YO de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

The purpose of this report is to describe the bacteriological features, clinical signs and therapeutic outcome of 148 cases of W135 meningococcus meningitis observed during meningitis outbreaks in Burkina Faso in 2002 and 2003. Diagnosis was based on microbiological study of cerebrospinal fluid. Cases of meningococcus meningitis were recorded throughout the study period with the peak number of cases occurring around the 14th week. There was a slight male predominance (56.1%) and young patients between one and 15 years accounted for 81.7% of cases. The mean interval between onset of symptoms and hospitalization was 2.6 days and the mean duration of hospitalization was 5.5 days. The most common clinical signs were fever (98.6%), stiff neck (90.5%),Brudzinski's sign (85.1%),Kernig's sign (66.2%), altered consciousness (41.9%), vomiting (36.5%) and headaches (34.5%). In most cases treatment with a singie dose of chiorazuphenicol in oil was curative. Overall mortality was 15.5% idth no correlation with sex or age. Seventeen of the 23 deaths occurred within 24 hours after their admission to the hospital. The other six deaths occurred on the second day after admission inS cases and fifth day in one case. Convulsions, shock and altered consciousness were consistent poor prognostic signs. A correlation was found between mortality and interval for hospitalization with better survival in patients receiving prompt treatment. Study of the susceptibility of 102 samples showed that W135 meningococcus was sensitive to penicillin G, ampicillin,ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol but resistant to sulfamides (cotrimoxazole). Bacterial meningitis is an Important factor of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Our findings indicate that the bacteriological, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of W135 meningococcus is do not differ greatly from those of meningococcus A. Since W135 meningitis is susceptible to antibiotics used to cure meningitis, campaigns to promote early detection and treatment must be continued.