RESUMO
AIM: The primary aim was to systematically assess the available literature on the effect of an essential oils mouthwash without alcohol (EOalc-) compared to an essential oils mouthwash with alcohol (EOalc+) on plaque scores and parameters of gingival health. The secondary aim was to evaluate user appreciation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane-CENTRAL databases were searched to identify eligible studies published up to and including March 2024. Papers comparing the effectiveness of EOalc- and EOalc+ were included. The quality was assessed. A descriptive analysis and a meta-analysis were performed. RESULTS: After screening, seven papers were found to be eligible. The descriptive analysis demonstrates a significant difference in plaque scores in favour of EOalc+. This is confirmed by the meta-analyses of plaque scores in non-brushing and brushing studies (DiffM = 0.40; 95% CI [0.27; 0.53], p < 0.00001 and DiffM = 0.05; 95% CI [0.01; 0.10], p = 0.01, respectively). This finding is also supported by the sub-analysis of brands. The meta-analyses of bleeding and gingival scores in brushing studies did not show significant differences between products. For user appreciation, the difference found was for taste perception in favour of EOalc- (DiffM = 1.63; 95% CI [0.72; 2.55], p = 0.0004). CONCLUSION: When an EO-mouthwash is used in non-brushing or brushing situations, with small to moderate certainty, EOalc- provided less effect regarding plaque control than EOalc+. For bleeding and gingival index there is weak certainty for no difference. In terms of the taste perception EOalc- seems more appreciated.
RESUMO
AIM: To assess user perceptions of different commercially available fluoride mouthwashes (FL-MWs). METHODS: A single-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to a sequence of six different FL-MWs, one of which contained alcohol. For each visit, participants rinsed with one specific mouthwash (15 mL) for 30 s. After rinsing, participants completed a questionnaire with a visual analogue scale. Questions focused on overall taste, mild/pungent feeling, taste duration, foaming effect, burning sensation, sensitivity, numbness, dryness, rinsing time, smell, and colour of the mouthwashes. Descriptive analyses and statistical tests regarding differences among and between the mouthwashes were performed. RESULTS: Overall, 53 participants completed the study protocol, including nine who did, however, not rinse with the alcohol-containing mouthwash due to religious reasons. Among the mouthwashes, significant differences were found for foaming effect, sensitivity, rinsing time, smell, and colour (p < 0.05). Pairwise comparison for smell did not reveal a difference, and foaming was within the acceptance range (low to medium foaming). Coloured mouthwashes were more appreciated than transparent solutions (p = 0.00). The mouthwash containing essential oils and alcohol produced significantly more sensitivity (p = 0.00) and, in general, participants experienced the rinsing time significantly longer (p < 0.05) compared to the non-alcohol-containing mouthwashes. CONCLUSION: There is heterogeneity in user perceptions and preferences for FL-MWs, with a significant difference in foaming effect, sensitivity, rinsing time, smell, and colour. Coloured mouthwashes are preferred. The mouthwash containing essential oils and alcohol was less acceptable in relation to sensitivity and rinsing time.
RESUMO
AIM: The primary objective of this work was to assess total soluble fluoride (TSF), pH values, and titratable acidity (TA) of various mouthwashes "in vitro," and the second was to compare fluoride content on labels with measured TSF. METHODS: Commercial mouthwashes were collected and analysed. Company, type, manufacturer data, and active ingredients (essential oils [EO], cetylpyridinium chloride [CPC], chlorhexidine [CHX], and fluoride) were described. TSF, pH, and TA capacity were measured. Descriptive quantitative analysis were performed per mouthwash. RESULTS: In total, 54 mouthwashes from 20 brands were included. These included mouthwashes with the active ingredients EO (n = 11), CPC (n = 17), CHX (n = 18), and fluoride (n = 32); 27 mouthwashes with more than 1 of these active ingredients; and 4 with none of the above-mentioned ingredients. Fluoride was present in different formulations; most contained sodium fluoride (NaF), and a few had sodium monofluorophosphate and amine fluoride + NaF. The pH values of all evaluated mouthwashes ranged from 4.1 to 7.9. Twenty mouthwashes presented pHs below 5.5, of which 10 contained fluoride. TA ranged from 0 to 48. According to the manufacturer data, mouthwashes with fluoride had concentrations from 217 to 450 ppm, with 90% in the range from 217 to 254 ppm. Laboratory data revealed that TSF ranged from 229 to 500 ppm, with 90% in the range from 229 to 337 ppm. A statistically significant difference was observed between measured TSF and the labelled fluoride content on the packaging of the fluoride mouthwashes (mean difference, 43.92 ± 34.34; P < .001). Most of these mouthwashes contained at least the amount of fluoride as mentioned on the packaging (93%). CONCLUSION: The pH values and TA of commercially available mouthwashes showed a large variation. TSF levels of the fluoride mouthwashes were found to be at least the amount of fluoride as labelled. Dental care professionals should be aware of the pH, TA, fluoride content, and other active ingredients of different mouthwashes to better understand their potential impact on oral health.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais , Placa Dentária , Humanos , Antissépticos Bucais , Cetilpiridínio , Fluoretos , Método Duplo-Cego , Clorexidina , Fluoreto de SódioRESUMO
Treatment of periodontitis plays an important role in preventing tooth loss. Over the years, various treatment modalities have been proposed, researched and applied in the dental practice. The non-surgical periodontal therapy of cleaning the root surfaces is still the golden standard in treatment of periodontitis. If pockets of ≥ 6 mm remain after the non-surgical therapy, surgical periodontal therapy could be considered. People with periodontal disease should agree with lifelong periodontal therapy, because after the 'active' (non-surgical and surgical) periodontal therapy, lifelong periodontal maintenance is the most important thing to guarantee periodontal health and stability. The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is preservation of the natural dentition. Many studies have shown that this goal can be achieved, providing the following circumstances are met: a good oral hygiene and high patient motivation, optimal periodontal treatment, and smoking cessation.
Assuntos
Doenças Periodontais , Periodontite , Perda de Dente , Humanos , Motivação , Higiene Bucal , Doenças Periodontais/terapiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro the thermal effects induced by four different ultrasonic scalers on the temperature in the root canal during ultrasonic scaling. METHODS: An extracted lower central incisor provided with a thermocouple in the root canal and a tube, entering the tooth incisally and exiting it apically to simulate an artificial bloodstream, was placed in a model of the lower jaw with soft artificial gingiva. Tested ultrasonic scaler systems included: EMS PM-600, Satelec P-max, Dürr Vector and Dentsply Cavitron. The tooth was scaled with each system at full water supply of 21°C. Furthermore, the amount of water supply was determined to maintain during scaling a constant temperature in the root canal. Finally, thermal changes due to scaling without water were assessed. RESULTS: Except for the Vector all scaler systems showed a temperature decrease in the root canal. The Vector with water/polish suspension showed a trend towards an increase in temperature. To maintain a constant temperature in the root canal the Cavitron needed twice the amount of water compared with PM-600 and P-max. Without water, all scaling systems induced a temperature increase. CONCLUSION: For safe ultrasonic scaling, care should be taken that the cooling water has room temperature and that, dependent on the scaler system, the proper amount of water is supplied.
Assuntos
Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Cavidade Pulpar/fisiologia , Raspagem Dentária/instrumentação , Ondas de Choque de Alta Energia/uso terapêutico , Desenho de Equipamento , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Incisivo/fisiologia , Teste de Materiais , Propriedades de Superfície , Irrigação Terapêutica/métodos , Termômetros , ÁguaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy and safety of a newly designed multi-level manual toothbrush (Profit-Haije-Brush) compared with a control flat-trimmed manual reference toothbrush from the American Dental Association (ADA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this study, 36 healthy subjects without previous experience in the use of the Profit-Haije-Brush (PHB) were selected. Subjects were given a period of 2 weeks to become familiar with both types of brushes and were instructed to use them on alternate days for 2 min twice daily. Prior to their visit, subjects refrained from all oral hygiene procedures for 48 h. Prebrushing plaque and gingival abrasion scores were assessed. Subsequently, two randomly chosen contra-lateral quadrants were brushed with one of both brushes and the other two quadrants with the alternate brush. Subjects were supervised during their 2-min brushing exercise. After brushing, plaque and gingival abrasion were re-assessed. A questionnaire was filled out to investigate the subjects' attitudes towards both brushes. RESULTS: The overall mean prebrushing PI was 2.47 for the PHB and 2.44 for the ADA. The reduction in PI was 1.32 and 1.23 respectively (P < 0.05). With regard to gingival abrasion the overall mean prebrushing scores were 4.57 (PHB) and 5.34 (ADA). Post-brushing scores were 13.49 and 13.77 for the PHB and ADA respectively. CONCLUSION: Statistically, the multi-level PHB was significantly more efficacious than the flat-trimmed ADA. However, the difference is clinically considered small and the amount of remaining plaque was not significantly different between brushes. No greater potential to cause gingival abrasion to the oral tissues was observed.
Assuntos
Dispositivos para o Cuidado Bucal Domiciliar , Placa Dentária/prevenção & controle , Escovação Dentária/instrumentação , Índice de Placa Dentária , Desenho de Equipamento , Segurança de Equipamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Análise por Pareamento , Proibitinas , Método Simples-Cego , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the inhibition of plaque growth by an experimental mouthrinse (BioXyl) based on hydrogen peroxide/glycerol. DESIGN: It was a double-blind, randomized study involving 40 volunteers in good general health. At the start of the trial, all participants received a dental prophylaxis to remove all plaque deposits. During the next 3 days subjects refrained from any mechanical oral hygiene procedure, except for the allocated mouthrinse being either the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2); 0.013% H(2)O(2)/0.004% glycerol) or the placebo without H(2)O(2). At the third day of appointment, plaque levels were assessed at six sites per tooth. RESULTS: The test group had a mean overall plaque score of 2.66 and the placebo group of 2.70. The difference in plaque scores between the two groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the H(2)O(2)/glycerol group and the placebo group with respect to plaque inhibition within this study design.
Assuntos
Placa Dentária/prevenção & controle , Glicerol/uso terapêutico , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/uso terapêutico , Antissépticos Bucais/uso terapêutico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Valores de Referência , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of two soft manual toothbrushes with different filament and brush head designs in relation to gingival abrasion and plaque removing efficacy to the in relation flat trimmed manual reference toothbrush of the American Dental Association (ADA). METHODS: The study had a randomized single use cross-over model (n = 76) with three sessions whereby all brushes were used by each subject. Subjects were asked to abstain from all oral hygiene procedures for 48 h. They brushed according to split-mouth design. Pre- and post-brushing plaque and gingival abrasion were assessed. RESULTS: The Sensodyne Sensitive (SENS) was more abrasive than the ADA (P < 0.001) while the Oral-B Sensitive Advantage (OBSA) was less abrasive than the SENS (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the OBSA and the ADA (P = 0.319). All three brushes showed statistically significant reductions (49-56%) in plaque versus baseline. Compared to the ADA and the SENS, the OBSA had a smaller percentage of plaque removal (56% versus 49%, P Assuntos
Placa Dentária/terapia
, Gengiva/lesões
, Escovação Dentária/instrumentação
, Atitude Frente a Saúde
, Corantes
, Estudos Cross-Over
, Placa Dentária/diagnóstico
, Desenho de Equipamento
, Feminino
, Gengiva/patologia
, Humanos
, Masculino
, Satisfação do Paciente
, Propriedades de Superfície
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To compare a tapered filament toothbrush (TFTB) to a control toothbrush (ADA) in their potential to cause gingival abrasion and improve the gingival condition following a period of experimental gingivitis. METHODS: Thirty-two subjects refrained from brushing mandibular teeth for 21 days. During a subsequent 4-week treatment phase, the left or right side of the mouth was brushed with either the TFTB or ADA as randomly allocated. Gingival abrasion, plaque and gingival bleeding were assessed. RESULTS: During the treatment phase gingival abrasion showed a trend to be lower with the TFTB than the ADA, which was significant at the 2-week assessment. The mean plaque scores changed from 2.98 (day 21) to 1.59 for the TFTB and from 3.00 (day 21) to 1.31 for the ADA. The mean bleeding scores changed from 1.86 (day 21) to 1.35 for the TFTB and from 1.85 (day 21) to 1.20 for the ADA. Plaque and bleeding scores were significantly lower with the ADA. CONCLUSIONS: Both toothbrushes improved gingival health and effectively removed plaque. Although there was a tendency towards fewer sites with gingival abrasion with the TFTB brush, it was less effective than the ADA in the removal of plaque biofilm and reduction of bleeding. Subjects considered the TFTB to be more pleasant to use.
Assuntos
Placa Dentária/terapia , Gengiva/lesões , Gengivite/terapia , Escovação Dentária/instrumentação , Adulto , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Biofilmes , Corantes , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Índice de Placa Dentária , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Seguimentos , Gengiva/patologia , Hemorragia Gengival/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Higiene Bucal , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Satisfação do Paciente , Índice Periodontal , Método Simples-Cego , Propriedades de Superfície , Escovação Dentária/métodos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In order to determine whether the quantity of bacteria in saliva and the degree of periodontal infection influence the speed of de novo plaque formation in periodontitis patients, 23 patients rinsed with 10 ml sterile saline. All teeth were then supragingivally and professionally cleaned, after which the patients were not allowed to undertake any form of oral hygiene for 24 hours. After this period, the rinsing procedure was repeated and the amount of de novo plaque was assessed. Three months after the initial periodontal therapy was completed the experiment was repeated. Both before and after treatment, the periodontal parameters were evaluated. The results showed that the quantity of the de novo plaque in healthy areas was less than in infected areas. In order to determine the influence of the quantity of bacteria in the saliva, only the areas which were already healthy before the treatment and the same areas after treatment were inspected. It was concluded that the degree of periodontal infection was the most important parameter for the degree of de novo plaque formation, but that the number of bacteria in the saliva also played a role.
Assuntos
Índice de Placa Dentária , Placa Dentária/epidemiologia , Periodontia/educação , Periodontia/métodos , Periodontite/complicações , Saliva/microbiologia , Adulto , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Placa Dentária/etiologia , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Raspagem Dentária , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos , Índice Periodontal , Periodontia/normas , Periodontite/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Inconclusive evidence exists in the literature with regard to the additional (beneficial) mechanical effect of a dentifrice on plaque removal. A previous split-mouth study found that a dentifrice did not contribute to plaque removal. Because of limitations of the split-mouth model, a crossover design was used to evaluate whether a commercially available dentifrice had an additional effect on mechanical plaque removal during manual toothbrushing. METHODS: Thirty-six subjects were given a manual toothbrush and a standard dentifrice. After a 48-hour plaque accumulation, subjects brushed under supervision with or without a dentifrice (total time of 2 minutes) in a 2 x 2 crossover design. RESULTS: Plaque reductions were 50% with and 56% without the use of dentifrice. This 6% difference was statistically significant (P = 0.034). Explorative analysis showed that brushing without a dentifrice was more effective in removing plaque on the approximal surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a dentifrice did not contribute to mechanical plaque removal during manual toothbrushing. It seemed that the mechanical action provided by the toothbrush was the main factor in the plaque-removing process.
Assuntos
Placa Dentária/terapia , Dentifrícios/uso terapêutico , Escovação Dentária/métodos , Adulto , Cariostáticos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Cross-Over , Dentifrícios/química , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fluoreto de Sódio/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
AIM: To study transmission of Porphyromonas gingivalis in a population living in a remote area in Southern Java, Indonesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subgingival plaque samples from 167 subjects with varying degrees of periodontal breakdown were obtained and cultured for the presence of P. gingivalis. After extraction and purification of bacterial DNA, amplified fragment length polymorphism technique was applied to genotype the bacterial isolates. Computer-assisted analysis of the bacterial DNA profiles was used to study distribution of P. gingivalis genotypes within family units. RESULTS: One hundred and five of the 167 (63%) subjects were culture positive for P. gingivalis. In total, 371 P. gingivalis isolates were obtained from the 105 subjects. Of the 105 subjects, 30 were siblings representing 13 families. In six of the 13 families (46%), identical P. gingivalis genotypes were found among siblings. In the study group of 105 subjects, 13 married couples were identified of which both spouses were culture positive for P. gingivalis. None of the 13 couples shared an identical P. gingivalis genotype. Twenty P. gingivalis-positive subjects had spouses that were culture negative for P. gingivalis. CONCLUSIONS: In this study population, vertical transmission of P. gingivalis has occurred within family units, most likely from parents to children. Transmission of P. gingivalis between spouses could not be established.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bacteroidaceae/transmissão , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/classificação , Células Clonais , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Família , Genótipo , Humanos , Indonésia , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Porphyromonas gingivalis/genética , Irmãos , CônjugesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chlorhexidine (CHX) is widely accepted as the most effective product in the control of supragingival plaque. It is available in different delivery devices. The aim of this study was to test whether 0.12% CHX spray was as effective as 0.2% CHX spray and 0.2% CHX mouthwash in a 3-day "de novo" plaque formation model. METHODS: Ninety volunteers were enrolled into a single-blind, randomized, three-group parallel study. They received a thorough dental prophylaxis prior to the test period. Subjects were divided randomly into three equal groups. They were requested to refrain from all forms of mechanical oral hygiene and instructed to use only their assigned product during the 3-day experimental period. After 3 days, the plaque growth was assessed using the Quigley and Hein plaque index (Q&H PI) at six sites per tooth. RESULTS: After 3 days, the CHX mouthwash group had a mean Q&H PI of 1.17 compared to 1.41 for the 0.2% CHX spray and 1.49 for the 0.12% CHX spray. The difference between the mouthwash and the two sprays was statistically significant, whereas the two sprays did not differ significantly from each other. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this 3-day "de novo" plaque formation study, the two sprays were not as effective as the mouthwash in plaque inhibition. No significant difference was found between the two sprays. To achieve the same effectiveness as a mouthwash, a higher dose (number of puffs) of CHX spray may be necessary.
Assuntos
Aerossóis , Clorexidina/administração & dosagem , Placa Dentária/prevenção & controle , Antissépticos Bucais/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Placa Dentária , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between vitamin C and the severity of periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population consisted of subjects from the Malabar/Purbasari tea estate on West Java, Indonesia. In 2002, clinical measurements were performed in 128 subjects, including evaluation of plaque, bleeding on probing, pocket depth and attachment loss. In 2005, 123 out of 128 subjects could be retrieved who were present at the examination of 2002. Blood samples were taken to measure plasma vitamin C levels. Information about the subject's dietary habit was obtained by means of a personal interview guided by a questionnaire. RESULTS: Plasma levels of vitamin C ranged from 0.02 to 34.45 mg/l with a mean of 7.90 mg/l (+/-5.35). The correlation coefficient between plasma vitamin C level and periodontal attachment loss was -0.199 (p<0.05); stepwise linear regression revealed that vitamin C levels explained 3.9% of the variance in periodontal attachment loss. Subjects with vitamin C deficiency (14.7% of the study population) had more attachment loss compared with those with depletion or normal plasma vitamin C values. CONCLUSION: The negative association between plasma vitamin C levels and periodontal attachment loss suggests that vitamin C deficiency may contribute to the severity of periodontal breakdown.
Assuntos
Deficiência de Ácido Ascórbico/complicações , Ácido Ascórbico/sangue , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/etiologia , Periodontite/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Feminino , Humanos , Indonésia , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/sangue , Índice Periodontal , Periodontite/sangue , Periodontite/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Maintaining an adequate low level of plaque through daily tooth brushing is often not feasible. Effective chemotherapeutic agents as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control would therefore be valuable. Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash has proved to be an effective inhibitor of plaque accumulation. AIM: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of application of 0.12% CHX dentifrice gel on de novo plaque accumulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a single blind, randomized three-arm parallel clinical trial. At the beginning of the test period all volunteers received a thorough professional oral prophylaxis. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three regimens. During a 3-day non-brushing period, subjects abstained from all forms of mechanical oral hygiene. One regimen (test group) used 0.12% chlorhexidine dentifrice gel (CHX-DGel, Perio.Aid) applied in a fluoride gel tray, the benchmark control group used a regular dentifrice applied in a fluoride gel tray (RegD, Everclean HEMA). The positive control group rinsed with a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash (CHX-MW, Perio.Aid). The Quigley and Hein plaque index (PI) from all subjects was assessed after 3 days of de novo plaque accumulation. Subsequently, all subjects received a questionnaire to evaluate their attitude, appreciation and perception towards the products used employing a Visual Analogue Scale scores. After the experimental period, habitual oral hygiene procedures were resumed. RESULTS: Ninety-six systemically healthy subjects completed the study. After 3 days, the full-mouth PI for the CHX-DGel regimen was 1.87 compared with 1.93 for the RegD regimen and 1.55 for the CHX-MW regimen. The two dentifrices (CHX-DGel and RegD) were significantly less effective as the CHX-MW (P=0.0006). No significant difference between scores of the dentifrices was found. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the present 3-day non-brushing study design, it can be concluded that application of 0.12% CHX dentifrice gel is not significantly different from application of regular dentifrice on plaque accumulation. Use of a 0.12% CHX mouthwash is significantly more effective. CHX-DGel appears a poor alternative for a dentifrice. It is not an effective inhibitor of plaque growth and does not possess fluoride.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/uso terapêutico , Clorexidina/uso terapêutico , Placa Dentária/prevenção & controle , Dentifrícios/uso terapêutico , Administração Tópica , Adolescente , Adulto , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/administração & dosagem , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Clorexidina/administração & dosagem , Índice de Placa Dentária , Profilaxia Dentária , Dentifrícios/administração & dosagem , Eritrosina , Feminino , Corantes Fluorescentes , Seguimentos , Géis , Humanos , Masculino , Antissépticos Bucais/uso terapêutico , Satisfação do Paciente , Método Simples-Cego , Paladar/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the additional effect of a newly developed battery-operated brush Oral-B CrossAction Power with a hybrid brush head design (CAPB). The brush combines an oscillating/rotating part, a PowerHead(R), with a non-moving part with CrissCross bristles. It was compared with a manual control toothbrush Butler GUM 311 (CTB). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty subjects were requested not to brush their teeth 48 h prior to the examination, when plaque removal efficacy was assessed by scoring plaque before and after brushing. Plaque was assessed according to the Silness & Loë Index at six sites per tooth. Subjects were brushed by a dentist using one of the four randomly chosen procedures of brushing in each quadrant. The CAPB was used with three different modes of brushing each in different randomly chosen quadrants, with the manual toothbrush being used in the remaining quadrant as a control. RESULTS: The baseline plaque levels ranged from 1.69 to 1.74 and the end levels ranged from 0.39 to 0.45. In terms of percentage, the results with the four procedures run from 75% to 79%. These differences between the battery brush and manual brush irrespective of the brushing mode used were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The results of this Professional Brushing Study show that the CrossAction Power toothbrush was as effective as a regular manual toothbrush.
Assuntos
Dispositivos para o Cuidado Bucal Domiciliar , Placa Dentária/prevenção & controle , Escovação Dentária/instrumentação , Escovação Dentária/métodos , Índice de Placa Dentária , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Atividade MotoraRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to assess fluoride concentrations in unstimulated saliva and buccal dental plaque 6 h after an oral hygiene procedure that consisted of brushing with an AmF/SnF2 dentifrice and different post-brush rinsing protocols: expectorating the excess of dentifrice foam and rinsing with tap water, expectorating only, or rinsing with 10 ml AmF/SnF2 mouthwash. The fluoride concentrations in plaque and saliva were increased after all three experimental protocols compared to F-free periods. The increase of the fluoride concentration in saliva was more pronounced after AmF/SnF2 mouthrinse as compared to rinsing with water and expectorating the excess of dentifrice foam. Such an effect was not seen in dental plaque. It is concluded that the potentially beneficial effect of not rinsing or fluoride rinsing after tooth brushing is not reflected in an increased fluoride concentration in newly formed dental plaque 6 h after brushing.
Assuntos
Aminas/uso terapêutico , Cariostáticos/análise , Cariostáticos/uso terapêutico , Placa Dentária/química , Fluoretos/análise , Antissépticos Bucais/química , Fluoreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Fluoretos de Estanho/uso terapêutico , Cremes Dentais/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Aminas/química , Estudos Cross-Over , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Saliva/química , Método Simples-Cego , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fluoretos de Estanho/química , Escovação DentáriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess the probing force exerted when using two manual periodontal probes with different handle diameters in hands of different dental professionals. METHODS: For this study two periodontal probes with handle diameters of 54 and 92 mm were used. The 11 subjects responsible for the measurements were periodontists, postgraduate periodontal students and dental hygienists. Per measurement session, 20 measurements were performed by each subject. Each probe was used 10 times. After the first baseline measurement session, a second session was performed 1 week later and a last third session another 3 weeks later. Orders for using each probe were randomized for each subject and each session. RESULTS: The mean overall force with the thin probe was 55.2 g and with the thick probe 59.4 g. The difference of 4.2 g between the two probe types was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.041). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the diameter of the probe handle also had an effect on the force exerted with a periodontal probe. However, the clinical relevance of this difference may be minor, when considering the interindividual variance of forces exerted when probing.
Assuntos
Instrumentos Odontológicos , Análise do Estresse Dentário , Periodontia/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Força da Mão , Humanos , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Inconclusive evidence exists in the literature with regard to the additional effect of the use of dentifrice on plaque removal. The present study was undertaken to test whether the use of dentifrice during toothbrushing contributes to the instant cleaning efficacy of the brushing procedure. METHODS: Three groups of patients, 40 subjects each, were randomly assigned to one of three dentifrices that differed with respect to the relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) value. After a 48-hour plaque accumulation, subjects brushed under supervision in a split-mouth order with or without the use of dentifrice (total time=2 minutes). RESULTS: Plaque reductions varied between 51% and 58% for the three dentifrices. The overall analysis showed a mean difference of 3% in plaque reduction in favor of brushing without dentifrice (P=0.017). The type of dentifrice did not influence this observed difference (P=0.506). Also, the order of the brushing procedure (starting the brushing procedure with or without dentifrice) had no interaction with the effect of dentifrice on the brushing (P=0.187). CONCLUSIONS: The use of dentifrice does not contribute to the instant mechanical plaque removal during manual toothbrushing. A higher dentifrice abrasivity does not seem to contribute to increased plaque removal with a manual toothbrush. It appears that the mechanical action provided by the use of a toothbrush is the main factor in the plaque-removing process.
Assuntos
Placa Dentária/terapia , Dentifrícios/uso terapêutico , Escovação Dentária , Adulto , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Dióxido de Silício/uso terapêutico , Método Simples-Cego , Fluoreto de Sódio/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
It has been known for some time that tooth brushing can have unwanted effects on the gingiva and hard dental tissues. The aim of this study is to evaluate two factors that may be of influence on the incidence of gingival abrasion during tooth brushing. The first factor being the possible influence of feedback through oral sensory perception and the second the possible abrasive effects of dentifrice. From the sensory feedback experiment it became clear that a significantly greater number of abrasions occurred when the test subjects would brush their own teeth than when they would have their teeth brushed by a dental hygienist. From the dentifrice experiment it became clear that the use of dentifrice has no significant effect on the occurrence of gingival lesions.