Buccal bone defects and transversal tooth movement of mandibular lateral segments in patients after orthodontic treatment with and without piezocision: A case-control retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to compare the extent of buccal bone defects (dehiscences and fenestrations) and transversal tooth movement of mandibular lateral segments in patients after orthodontic treatment with and without piezocision in cone-beam computed tomography and digital dental models. METHODS: The study sample of this study consisted of cone-beam computed tomography scans and digital dental models taken before (T0) and after (T1) orthodontic treatment of 36 patients with moderate mandibular anterior crowding. The experimental group consisted of 17 patients that had piezocision performed at the beginning of treatment with the goal of accelerating tooth movement, which was compared with 19 patients who did not receive piezocision. The measurement of bone defects, buccolingual inclination, and transversal distances of the tooth in the mandibular lateral segments (mandibular canines, premolars, and first molars) were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: Overall, an increase in dehiscences, buccal inclination, and arch width from T0 to T1 was observed in both groups, but no statistically significant difference was found between groups. A significant increase in fenestrations from T0 to T1 was observed only for the canines in the experimental group. No statistically significant association was found between the increase of dehiscences and the amount of buccolingual inclination or transversal width changes. However, the changes in transversal width were statistically significantly associated with the increase in buccal inclination at the canines, first and second premolars. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were found in buccal dehiscences and transversal tooth movement (buccolingual inclination and arch width) of mandibular lateral segments between patients after orthodontic treatment with and without piezocision. Dehiscences, buccal inclination, and arch width significantly increased from T0 to T1 in both groups.

Association of sleep bruxism and dental plaque factors on signs of periodontal disease in children in the mixed dentition.

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease has a multifactorial etiology; however, dental plaque and possible sleep bruxism (SB) have not been tested together in children as predictors of periodontal disease. AIM: To assess the variation of SB, dental biofilm (DBF), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) between localized and generalized pathological probing depth (PPD), crestal bone loss (CBL), and lack of delineation of lamina dura (LD) and to establish the association of DBF, GI, PI and SB with PPD, CBL, and LD in children with mixed dentition. METHODS: Fifty children were assessed for SB and underwent a clinical and radiographic periodontal examination. anova and three multiple variable analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: One-way anova was found to be statistically significant for SB, between localized and generalized PPD (P = 0.03), CBL (P = 0.01), and LD (P = 0.005) and for DBF between localized and generalized CBL (P = 0.02). The three multiple variable analysis showed statistically and clinically significant associations of DBF with PPD (OR = 3.33); GI (OR = 2.37), and PI (OR = 1.46) with CBL and SB (OR = 7.66) and DBF (OR = 9.87) with LD. PI presented statistically significant association with CBL. CONCLUSION: Significant associations of SB, DBF, GI, and PI with PD, CBL, and LD and the variations of the same factors between localized and generalized PPD, CBL, and LD suggest the necessity of evaluating SB, DBF, GI, and PI when children are screened in regular dental visits.

Hepatic capillariasis in captive ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta).

A female ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) and her two cubs held in a zoo in Chile exhibited signs of severe hepatic insufficiency. In spite of supportive treatment, the three animals died a few days after the onset of signs. Postmortem examination revealed ascites and fibrotic lesions in the liver of all the individuals. Histologically, the liver of two of them showed a severe parasitic ova infection and lipidosis, the morphologic characteristics of the parasitic ovas were consistent with Capillaria hepatica (syn. Calodium hepatica) eggs. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first clinical case report of hepatic capillariasis in prosimians, and its implications are discussed.

Conocimientos y actitudes sobre la posible asociación de la periodontitis como factor de riesgo de algunas enfermedades y condiciones médicas en una muestra de médicos en Medellín - Colombia / Knowledge and attitudes about the possible association of periodontitis as a risk factor for certain diseases and medical conditions in a sample of physicians in Medellín, Colombia

Introducción y objetivo: Existe evidencia sobre la relación entre las Periodontitis y algunas ades sistémicas. Las bacterias de la biopelícula y la respuesta inflamatoria desencadenan una respuesta local y sistémica. El propósito de este estudio piloto fue explorar los conocimientos y actitudes que tienen una muestra de médicos especialistas de la ciudad de Medellín sobre la interrelación de la Enfermedad Periodontal con el Parto Prematuro y Bajo peso al nacer, la Diabetes y algunas Enfermedades ardiovasculares, como la aterosclerosis e infarto de miocardio. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio piloto de tipo descriptivo, en donde se realizaron encuestas a los médicos especialistas en EPS y consultorios particulares en Medellín, Colombia que accedieron a contestar la encuesta. Se realizó previamente una prueba piloto sobre el entendimiento de las preguntas de la encuesta. Resultados: El 69,9% de los médicos encuestados dicen conocer sobre Periodontitis, un 21,7% han leído algo pero no conocen a fondo y el 8% no conocen de que se trata. Sin embargo solo el 40,8% de los médicos especialistas encuestados tienen en cuenta la enfermedad periodontal en la anamnesis. Conclusion: La relación entre la Periodontitis y los eventos sistémicos son todavía miradas con precaución por la profesión médica, especialmente no están convencidos de la racionalización biológica.

Introduction and objective: There is evidence about the relation of periodontitis and some conditions and systemic illnesses. The biofilm bacteria and its inflammatory response promote a local and systemic response. The scope of this pilot study was to explore the knowledge and attitudes of a sample of specialist physicians of Medellín, regarding the relation of periodontitis, premature and low weight birth, and cardiovascular diseases, as arteriosclerosis and myocardial arrest and stroke. Materials and Methods: A descriptive pilot study was performed, where surveys were carried out on specialized physicians working by Service Companies (EPS) or in their own consulting offices in Medellín, Colombia, who accepted to reply the survey. A pilot test was first performed to ensure the comprehension of the survey questions. Results: Of the asked physicians, 69,9% said know about the periodontal disease, 21,7% have read something about, but do not know it deeply, and 8% do not know anything about. However, only 40,8% of the surveyed specialized physicians take it into account, when enquiring on the clinic history of their patients. Conclusion: The relation of periodontitis and systemic events is still regarded with care by the medical communities and they are not convinced of its biological rationalization yet.

Estado periodontal de una muestra de adultos mayores de la ciudad de Medellín, año 2002 / Periodontal status of elder adults in the city of Medellin, 2002

El propósito de este estudio fue describir el estado periodontal de una muestra de adultos mayores de la ciudad de Medellín y comparar los resultados de al aplicación de diferentes índices en la medicina del problema. Se evaluó una muestra no aleatoria de 300 sujetos de 45 años y mas, captados en centros empresariales y lugares geriátricos. Para efectos de comparaciones la muestra se distribuyó en tres grupos: 100 sujetos entre 45-54 años, 100 entre 55 y 64 y 100 de 65 y más años. Para evaluar el estado periodontal se aplicó el Índice de Extensión y Severidad en su Versión parcial, de boca completa, proximal y de bolsa periodontal. Se midió el nivel de inserción clínica del ligamento, la profundidad clínica al sondaje, los niveles de sangrado y de higiene oral, la movilidad y el compromiso de bifurcaciones. Se evaluó además el estado dental y las necesidades de prótesis en estos sujetos. El 21.7 por ciento (65) de los sujetos eran desdentados totales. Los 235 sujetos restantes tenían un índice de extensión y Severidad parcial de (40, 2.9) a los 54 años hasta (69,4.0) a los 65 y más. Se encontró que el nivel de placa bacteriana aumentó con la edad mientras que los niveles de sangrado el sondaje disminuyen. El mayor incremento en la extensión de sitios con bolsas mayores de 3 mm se observo entre el segundo (55 a 64 años) y tercer grupo (más de 65 años), pero la severidad permaneció estable en los tres grupos (4.7 mm). El estado periodontal de los adultos se deteriora progresivamente con la edad, sin embargo las formas severas de la enfermedad se dan en un pequeño porcentaje de la población. No se observaron diferencias significativas en los valores de los índices cuando se hace evaluación parcial y completa de la boca...