Bone mineral density of the incus body and long process in patients with chronic otitis media and its relationship with functional outcome in type II tympanoplasty.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory conditions such as chronic otitis media (COM) can cause irreversible impairments in the microarchitecture and functions of the incus, which subsequently leads to conductive hearing loss. OBJECTIVES: To investigate bone mineral density (BMD) of the incus body (IB) and long process (ILP) on preoperative temporal CT in COM patients with and without incudo-stapedial joint discontinuity (ISJD), and also to determine the association between BMD values and the postoperative air-bone gap (ABG) in the ISJD group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mean IB density (IBD)/occipital bone density (OBD) and ILP density (ILPD)/OBD values were compared between the patients with and without ISJD. The correlation between ABG gain and preoperative incus density values was assessed in the ISJD group. RESULTS: The mean IBD/OBD and ILPD/OBD values were significantly higher in patients with intact ISJ. There was a moderate positive correlation between postoperative ABG gain and ILPD/OBD values in the ISJD group. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: The decrease in BMD of the incus may involve ILP as well as IB in patients with ISJD caused by ILP lysis in COM. A higher preoperative ILPD/OBD was correlated with a higher postoperative ABG gain in COM patients with ISJD.

Evaluation of the relationship between atherosclerosis and Helicobacter pylori infection with measurement of growth differentiation factor 15 and atherosclerosis indicators in adults with no comorbidity.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate presence of subclinical atherosclerosis by measuring carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with Helicobacter pylori (HP) and to assess effects of HP on atherosclerosis by evaluating markers of atherosclerosis and blood growth differentiation factor (GDF-15) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 59 patients without comorbid disease who had HP and 30 healthy controls without HP in upper endoscopic biopsy. In order to assess atherosclerosis, the CIMT measurement was performed by sonography. Serum GDF-15 level was measured by ELISA method. In all patients, atherosclerosis markers were recorded. Atherogenic indices were calculated, including Castelli risk index I and II (TG/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c, respectively), plasma atherogenic index (PAI; log TG/HDL-c), non-HDL-c (TH-HDL-c) and atherogenic coefficient (AC; non-HDL-HDL-c). RESULTS: The GDF-15 level and CIMT were significantly higher in HP-positive group when compared to HP-negative group (p≤0.001). There was a significant correlation between serum GDF-15 level and CIMT (r=0.445; p≤0.001). There was no correlation between other atherosclerosis markers and serum GDF-15 level or CIMT. The bacterial intensity on endoscopic specimen was only correlated with CIMT (p<0.001). Vitamin B12 and D levels were comparable among groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that there was a correlation between GDF-15 level and subclinical atherosclerosis development in patients with HP. However, GDF-15 level, which was found to be elevated while atherogenic indices were normal, can be an earlier marker for subclinical atherosclerosis.

Osteopontin as an early predictor of atherosclerosis in attack-free Familial Mediterranean fever patients.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disease that is associated with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Osteopontin which is a multifunctional protein involved in the modulation of inflammatory processes may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in FMF patients. Therefore, this cross-sectional study investigated the relationship of osteopontin with carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and atherogenic indices in patients with FMF. Serum osteopontin levels, CIMT, Castelli risk index I and II, plasma atherogenic index (PAI), non - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and atherogenic coefficient (AC) in 64 attack-free FMF patients were compared with levels in 23 healthy control subjects. The serum osteopontin level, CIMT, Castelli risk index I, AC and PAI were significantly higher, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower in FMF patients (P < .001, P < .001, P = .045, P = .016, P = .045, and P = .024; respectively). There were significant positive correlations between osteopontin and CIMT, PAI, AC, and Castelli risk index I (R = 0.580, R = 0.259, R = 0.233, R = 0.277; respectively) and there was significant negative correlation between osteopontin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r= -0.309). Patients who had homozygote mutations had significantly higher osteopontin, PAI, Castelli risk index I and II level. The current study is the first to demonstrate significantly increased serum osteopontin levels in attack-free FMF patients compared with healthy controls. It was also associated with CIMT and many atherogenic indices. This finding provides a new experimental basis to understand the pathogenesis of inflammation-induced atherosclerosis in FMF patients. Furthermore, patients who had homozygote mutations had worse atherogenic indices than those with heterozygote mutations.

Intrapancreatic Accessory Spleen Diagnosed by Size Reduction after Immunosuppressive Therapy: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) is a congenital entity that can be confused with malignant distal pancreatic masses. Radiologic imaging and radionuclide imaging have an important place in the diagnosis of IPAS. CASE REPORT: Blood tests were performed on a 36-year-old female patient who presented with tachypnea, tachycardia, pain in the joints, and pain in the left abdominal quadrant. Laboratory test results were as follows: hemoglobin value 6.0 mg/dl, sedimentation 120, aspartate transaminase (AST) 150U/L, and alanine transaminase level (ALT) 110U/ L. Additional laboratory tests and ultrasonography were performed. The anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) level was 800 IU/ml. C3 and C4 values were both 0.64 IU/ml, with anti-Ro-52 +++(three positive) and anti-Ro-60 ++ (two positive). A clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was made. Ultrasonography and dynamic contrast-enhanced upper abdominal MRI showed lesions suggestive of multiple hemangiomas in the liver and a 29x18 mm lesion in the tail of the pancreas with a similar appearance as the spleen. SLE treatment was started. Scintigraphy was recommended for the diagnosis of IPAS. Scintigraphy was performed in the third week of the treatment. Uptake was not observed. In the second month of the treatment, a control upper abdominal MRI was performed, and a decrease in the size of the lesion was observed. CONCLUSION: IPAS can be confused with pancreatic masses. Lack of uptake in scintigraphy may be due to treatment protocols that produce low phagocytic activity. If radiological imaging findings are compatible, a reduction in lesion size after immunosuppressive therapy can be accepted as evidence for the diagnosis of IPAS.

Analysis of changes in brain morphological structure of taekwondo athletes by diffusion tensor imaging.

OBJECTIVE: Taekwondo, which is the most preferred sport among the martial arts, is known to improve individuals physically, spiritually and mentally. The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of teakwondo sport on the brain and brain structures. DESIGN;: 30 taekwondo athletes and 15 control groups were included in this study. Diffusion tensor MR images of each participant were taken. The information was obtained by the self-declaration of the athletes, whether they were sports years, amateur or elite. METHOD: Total brain volume and volumes of white matter, gray matter, frontal lobe, precentral gyrus, corticospinal tract, basal nuclei, postcentral gyrus, hippocampus and amigdala and the ratio of these volumes to total brain volume were evaluated statistically between the groups using MriCloud software and ROIEditor program. RESULTS: An increase in total brain volume, gray matter, frontal lobe and precentral gyrus volume in athletes was associated with taekwondo training. When the ratio of brain parts to total brain volume was examined, it was determined that there was a difference in the ratio of gray matter, white matter volumes in amateur athletes, right frontal lobe, left corticospinal tract, right postcentral gyrus volumes in elite athletes, and left postcentral gyrus volumes of both athletes compared to sedentary individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the volume of gray matter, frontal lobe, postcentral gyrus and corticospinal tract together with the brain volume shows that taekwondo exercise contributes to physical, spiritual and mental development.

CT-related parameters and Framingham score as predictors of spontaneous passage of ureteral stones ≤ 10 mm: results from a prospective, observational, multicenter study.

To investigate the reliability of newly defined CT-related parameters and cardiovascular risk factors in groups adjusted for stone size and location to predict spontaneous stone passage (SP) of uncomplicated ureteral stones ≤ 10 mm. The data of 280 adult patients with solitary unilateral ureteral stones ≤ 10 mm in diameter in non-contrast computed tomography were prospectively recorded. All patients undergoing a four-week observation protocol with medical expulsive therapy using tamsulosin were divided into two groups according to SP or no SP. Demographic, clinical and radiological findings of these groups were recorded. Spontaneous stone passage was observed in 176 (62.9%) of the patients, whereas the SP rate was 57.6% for 118 upper ureteral stones and 66.7% for 162 lower ureteral stones. The SP rate was 13.3 times greater with ureteral wall thickness < 1.88 mm, 4.4 times greater with a ratio of ureter to stone diameter of < 1.24, 3.4 times greater with Framingham score of < 11.5%, 2 times greater with neutrophil lymphocyte ratio < 1.96, 1.9 times greater with ureteral diameter < 6.33 mm and 1.5 times greater with stone volume < 38.54 mm3. Lower levels of ureteral wall thickness, ratio of ureter to stone diameter, Framingham score, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, ureteral diameter, stone volume and absence of hydronephrosis were found to be more successful predictors. We consider that the success rate can be increased by selection of the proper option (observation or active treatment) according to these predictors.

Dermoid cyst with cerebellar meningoencephalocele at different locations accompanied by posterior fossa abnormalities: case report

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Dermoid cysts are well-defined cysts containing sebaceous glands and dermal structures. In the literature, dermoid cysts and associated closure defects have been described in the same locations. CASE REPORT: In this case, a dermoid cyst was found at the base of the mouth with a coexisting closure defect in the occipital calvarium. Additional abnormalities were also observed, including posterior myeloschisis, right cerebellar dysgenesis, vermian hypogenesis and posterior fusion of the second and third vertebrae. The finding of a dermoid cyst located at the base of the mouth is discussed here, with additional imaging findings. CONCLUSION: Dermoid cysts in the head and neck region may be accompanied by posterior fossa abnormalities.

Evaluation of anterior intermeniscal ligament in discoid lateral meniscus cases and presenting the accompanying meniscal pathologies with MRI.

BACKGROUND: Although several studies were conducted to put forth the biomechanical function of anterior intermeniscal ligament (AIML) on the stability of meniscal structures, there are few data on the etiology of the early degeneration of discoid type compared to the normal shaped ones. PURPOSE: To determine the AIML subtypes and accompanying meniscal pathologies in discoid lateral menisci (DLM) on knee MRI exams. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Knee MRI exams of 171 individuals with DLM were reviewed. DLMs and AIMLs were typed according to Watanabe's classification and Nelson-Laprade classification, respectively. Medial and lateral menisci were evaluated for tear and menisco-capsular pathology. Pearson's correlation test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: DLM was type I in 83 (48.5%) individuals and type II in 88 (51.5%) individuals. AIML was absent in 90 (52.6%) participants; type I AIML was seen in 38 out 81 (22.2%), type II in 31 out of 81(18.1%), and type III in 12 out of 81 (7%). Meniscal pathology was observed in 56 (32.7%) individuals as follows: menisco-capsular strain/separation in 25 (14.6%); medial meniscal tear in 22 (12.8%); and lateral meniscal tear in nine (5.2%); Of these 56 cases, 26 (46%) had no AIML, 15 cases (27%) had type I, nine cases (16%) had type II, and six cases (11%) had type III AIML. CONCLUSION: No statistically significant correlation was found between the type of DLM and type of AIML ( P = 0.855), between the type of DLM and meniscal pathology ( P = 0.791), or between the type of AIML and meniscal pathology ( P = 0.282).

Dermoid cyst with cerebellar meningoencephalocele at different locations accompanied by posterior fossa abnormalities: case report.

CONTEXT: Dermoid cysts are well-defined cysts containing sebaceous glands and dermal structures. In the literature, dermoid cysts and associated closure defects have been described in the same locations. CASE REPORT: In this case, a dermoid cyst was found at the base of the mouth with a coexisting closure defect in the occipital calvarium. Additional abnormalities were also observed, including posterior myeloschisis, right cerebellar dysgenesis, vermian hypogenesis and posterior fusion of the second and third vertebrae. The finding of a dermoid cyst located at the base of the mouth is discussed here, with additional imaging findings. CONCLUSION: Dermoid cysts in the head and neck region may be accompanied by posterior fossa abnormalities.

Role of Ultrasonography in Detecting the Localisation of the Nasoenteric Tube.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to determine the success rate of nasoenteric tube (NET) insertion into the postpyloric area using ultrasonography (USG) and compare with the commonly used method direct abdominal graphy. METHODS: A single anaesthesiologist placed all the NETs. The NET was visualised by two radiologists simultaneously using USG. The localisation of the tube was confirmed using an abdominal graph in all patients. RESULTS: The blind bedside method was used for NET insertion into 34 patients. Eleven of the tubes were detected passing through the postpyloric area using USG. In one case, the NET could not be visualised in the postpyloric area using USG; however, it was detected in the postpyloric area through control abdominal radiography. In 22 patients, NETs were detected in the stomach using control abdominal radiography. The rate of imaging post pyloric using USG was 91.6%. When all cases were considered, catheter localisation was detected accurately using USG by 97% (33 in 34 patients). CONCLUSION: USG is a reliable and practical alternative to radiography, which can be used to detect localisation of the nasogastric tube and NET.

Chitotriosidase as a novel biomarker of early atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients.

INTRODUCTION: Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation and increased macrophage activity have a central role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. It is shown that chitotriosidase (CHIT-1) is a marker of macrophage activity in atherosclerotic plaque, and is found associated with severity of atherosclerotic lesion. There is no data about CHIT-1 activity of hemodialysis patients in the literature. Thus, we hypothesized that in hemodialysis patients, CHIT-1 levels might be a novel biomarker in early atherosclerosis. METHODS: Forty-five hemodialysis patients were included in the study (age: 61.93 ± 13.34). Intima media thickness (IMT) was evaluated with high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Biomarker levels were measured in serum of patients. FINDINGS: We found positive correlation among IMT, age (R: 0.426, P: 0.004) and, CHIT-1 value (R: 0.462, P: 0.001) in spearman correlation analysis. When age, CRP, creatinine, P, Alb, CHIT-1 were chosen as measures that can effect IMT in multiple regression model, IMT level was related with CHIT-1 (Beta: 0,396, P: 0.012) and age (Beta: 0,313 P: 0,048) independently. DISCUSSION: In conclusion, this is the first report showing that serum CHIT-1 level was related independently with carotid IMT in hemodialysis patients. This biomarker might have an unknown role in the development of atherosclerosis during uremia.

Acute right-sided colonic diverticulitis mimicking appendicitis: a report of two cases.

We describe two right-sided diverticulitis cases that presented with marked right iliac fossa tenderness with guarding and rebound and laboratory parameters resembling acute appendicitis. The imaging findings suggested diverticulitis in both cases. One of the patients underwent surgery and the other one was followed up with medical treatment. Awareness of these imaging findings may aid in the diagnosis of right-sided diverticulitis, which is frequently misdiagnosed and mistreated.

Should bedside sonography be used first to diagnose pneumothorax secondary to blunt trauma?

BACKGROUND.: Our purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of bedside sonography (US) in the detection of pneumothorax secondary to blunt thoracic trauma. METHODS.: In this prospective study, 240 hemithoraces of 120 consecutive patients with multiple trauma were evaluated with chest radiographs (CXR) and bedside thoracic US for the diagnosis of pneumothorax. CT examinations were performed in 68 patients. Fifty-two patients who did not undergo CT examinations were excluded from the study. US examinations were performed independently at bedside by two radiologists who were not informed about CXR and CT findings. CXRs were interpreted by two radiologists who were unaware of the US and CT results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of CXR and US were calculated. RESULTS.: One hundred thirty-six hemithoraces were assessed in 68 patients. A total of 35 pneumothoraces were detected in 33 patients. On US, the diagnosis of pneumothorax was correct in 32 hemithoraces. In 98 hemithoraces without pneumothorax, US was normal. With US examination, there were three false-positive and three false-negative results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy of US were 91.4%, 97%, 91.4%, 97%, and 97%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of CXR were 82.7%, 89.7%, 68.5%, 95%, and 89.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS.: Bedside thoracic US is an accurate method that can be used in trauma patients instead of CXR for the detection of pneumothorax.

Unusual clinic presentation of polyarteritis nodosa: involvement of axillary and brachial artery.

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a necrotizing inflammatory vasculitis of small- and medium-sized muscular arteries. Multiple organs, especially the kidney, skin, peripheric nerves, striated muscles, and intestine, are affected. In this case report, a patient with renal and hepatic involvement and axillary and brachial artery aneurysm resulting in shoulder hematoma and pain due to underlying PAN is presented.

Direct CT venography for evaluation of the lower extremity venous anomalies of Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to describe the technique of direct CT venography and to describe various forms of venous anomalies detected with CT venography in patients with Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome. CONCLUSION: MDCT is helpful for visualizing the full length of extremities and for evaluating length and thickness on one image.